Seasonal differences in tropical cyclone-induced sea surface cooling in the western North Pacific

Vineet Kumar Singh,Il-Ju Moon,Hye-Ji Kim 한국기상학회 2023 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.10

Radial junction silicon solar cells with micro-pillar array and planar electrode interface for improved photon management and carrier extraction

Vineet Kumar Singh,Jampana Nagaraju,Sushobhan Avasthi 한국물리학회 2019 Current Applied Physics Vol.19 No.3

We demonstrate radial p-n junction silicon solar cells with micro-pillar array with higher short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage than comparable planar silicon solar cells. Micro-pillar array, fabricated by RIE, acts as an effective anti-reflection coating for visible light with less than 6% reflection. Compared to devices with planar surface, devices with micro-pillar array show a 27% enhancement in short circuit current. The radial p-n junction of the micro-pillars also improves extraction probability of the photogenerated carriers, which further increases the short circuit current. Typically, micro-pillar solar cells suffer from high recombination losses at the Si/metal interface, resulting in poor VOC. Our devices prevent these recombination losses by planarizing the Si/ metal interface, leading to an open circuit voltage of 622 mV, the highest ever reported for micro-pillar solar cells. This planarized contact also reduces the series resistance associated with radial junctions, leading to series resistance of ≤0.50 Ω-cm2 and fill factors up to 76.7%.

Effect of Indium Doping and Annealing on Photoconducting Property of Wurtzite Type CdS

Vineet Kumar Singh,Pratima Chauhan,Sheo Kumar Mishra,Rajneesh K Srivastava 대한금속·재료학회 2012 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.8 No.3

In this paper we observed the effect of doping and annealing on the dark current and anomalous photoconducting behavior of hexagonal wurtzite CdS, synthesized by solid state reaction method. Undoped CdS sample shows higher anomalous behavior in photoconductivity as well as contains larger dark current of 19 nA. With the doping of Indium in CdS, dark current decreases from 19 nA to 1 nA but the anomalous behavior is not completely removed. While, after annealing at 150°C for four hour, indium doped CdS sample shows good switching property with rise and decay time of 360 ± 10 & 322 ± 6 seconds respectively. The anomalous photoconducting behavior is completely removed from annealed sample. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the existence of hexagonal wurtzite phase of indium doped and undoped CdS samples while energy dispersion X-ray spectrum exhibits the elemental presence of cadmium, indium & sulfur in the indium doped sample. UV-Visible absorption spectra show the blue shift in absorption edge on indium doping from 475 nm to 425 nm in comparison to undoped sample. Photoluminescence spectra confirm the indium doping and reveal that annealed CdS sample has lesser defects among other samples due to which annealed sample has best switching performance.

Characterization of green ceramic-aluminum composites developed from waste recycling

Ravi Kumar Singh,Ali Algahtani,Tawfiq Al-Mughanam,Intezar Mahdi,Vineet Tirth 한양대학교 청정에너지연구소 2023 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.24 No.3

Green composites were prepared by recycling waste Aluminum and ceramic debris of marble and granite stones obtainedduring stone cutting at building construction sites. The composites were developed using the most economical stir castingprocess under ambient conditions with five weight percent of white marble powder and black granite powders. Themicrostructure characterization was done with my optical and SEM micrography as well as XRD. The microstructure showsfair particle distribution and improved hardness by 22-25% than the base matrix. The tensile strength and elastic modulusalso improved. The density remained stagnant due to porosity. A decline in elongation and impact strength was observed. Thestudy recommends using waste Aluminum and waste ceramic powders to develop green composites for non-critical industrialapplications such as structures, furniture, stationary machine parts, and automobile chassis.

Mycoherbicidal Potential of Phaeoacremonium italicum, A New Pathogen of Eichhornia crassipes Infesting Harike Wetland, India

( Birinderjit Singh ),( Sanjai Saxena ),( Vineet Meshram ),( Maneek Kumar ) 한국균학회 2016 Mycobiology Vol.44 No.2

Mycoherbicides are exclusive biotechnology products which offer a non-chemical solution to control noxious weeds on the land as well as aquatic in systems, viz a viz saving environment from hazardous impact of synthetic chemicals. The present paper highlights the mycobiota associated with Eichhornia crassipes infesting Harike wetland area of Punjab and evaluation of their pathogenic potential for futuristic application as a mycoherbicide. Of the 20 isolates tested by leaf detached assay and whole plant bioassays, only one isolate (#8 BJSSL) caused 100% damage to E. crassipes. Further, the culture filtrate of this isolate also exhibited a similar damage to the leaves in an in vitro detached leaf assay. The potential isolate was identified as Phaeoacremonium italicum using classical and modern molecular methods. This is the first report of P. italicum as a pathogen of E. crassipes and of its potential use as a biological control agent for the management of water hyacinth.

A Review on Biometric Recognition

Gagandeep Kaur,Gurpreet Singh,Vineet Kumar 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.6 No.4

Interferon-gamma release assay has poor diagnostic accuracy in differentiating intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn’s disease in tuberculosis endemic areas

Karan Sachdeva,Peeyush Kumar,Bhaskar Kante,Sudheer K. Vuyyuru,Srikant Mohta,Mukesh K. Ranjan,Mukesh K. Singh,Mahak Verma,Govind Makharia,Saurabh Kedia,Vineet Ahuja 대한장연구학회 2023 Intestinal Research Vol.21 No.2

Background/Aims: Intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) and Crohn’s disease (CD) frequently present with a diagnostic dilemma because of similar presentation. Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) has been used in differentiating ITB from CD, but with sparse reports on its diagnostic accuracy in tuberculosis endemic regions and this study evaluated the same. Methods: Patients with definitive diagnosis of ITB (n=59) or CD (n=49) who underwent IGRA testing (n=307) were retrospectively included at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (July 2014 to September 2021). CD or ITB was diagnosed as per standard criteria. IGRA was considered positive at >0.35 IU/mL. Relevant data was collected and IGRA results were compared between ITB and CD to determine its accuracy. Results: Among 59 ITB patients (mean age, 32.6±13.1 years; median disease duration, 1 year; male, 59.3%), 24 were positive and 35 tested negative for IGRA. Among 49 CD patients (mean age, 37.8±14.0; median disease duration, 4 years; male, 61.2%), 12 were positive and 37 tested negative for IGRA. Hence, for diagnosing ITB, IGRA showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 40.68%, 75.51%, 66.67%, and 51.39%, respectively. The area under the curve of IGRA for ITB diagnosis was 0.66 (95% confidence interval, 0.55–0.75). In a subset (n=64), tuberculin skin test (TST) showed sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 64.7%, 73.3%, 73.3%, and 64.71%, respectively. IGRA and TST were concordant in 38 (59.4%) patients with κ=0.17. Conclusions: In a tuberculosis endemic region, IGRA had poor diagnostic accuracy for differentiating ITB from CD, suggesting a limited value of IGRA in this setting.

Immunohistochemical Profile of Breast Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in New Delhi, India

Doval, Dinesh Chandra,Sharma, Anila,Sinha, Rupal,Kumar, Kapil,Dewan, Ajay Kumar,Chaturvedi, Harit,Batra, Ullas,Talwar, Vineet,Gupta, Sunil Kumar,Singh, Shailendra,Bhole, Vidula,Mehta, Anurag Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.12

Background: To assess the immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) neu receptor in breast cancer and their associations with various clinicopathological characteristics. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of women who presented with primary, unilateral breast cancer in the Department of Medical Oncology at Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India during the period from January 2008 to December 2011. Data were retrieved from the medical records of the hospital including both early and locally advanced cancer cases. ER, PgR and HER2neu expression in these patients was assessed and triple negative patients were identified. Associations of triple negative and non-triple negative groups with clinicopathological characteristics were also evaluated. Results: A total of 1,284 women (mean age 52.1 years, 41.9% premenopausal) were included in the analysis. Hormone receptor positivity (ER and/or PgR) was seen in 63.4% patients, while 23.8% of tumors were triple negative. Only 23.0% were HER2 positive. Around 10.0% of tumors were both ER and HER2 positive. ER and PgR positivity was significantly associated with negative HER2 status (p-value <0.0001). Younger age, premenopausal status, higher tumor grade, lymph node negativity, advanced cancer stage, and type of tumor were strongly associated with triple negativity. Significantly, a smaller proportion of women had ductal carcinoma in situ in the triple negative group compared with the non-triple negative group (35.6% versus 60.8%, p-value<0.01). Conclusions: The present analysis is one of the largest studies from India. The majority of the Indian breast cancer patients seen in our hospital present with ER and PgR positive tumors. The triple negative patients tended to be younger, premenopausal, and were associated with higher tumor grades, negative lymph nodes status and lower frequency of ductal carcinoma in situ.

Safety Profile and Therapeutic Efficacy of One Cycle of Lu177-PSMA in End-Stage Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients with Low Performance Status

Manoj Gupta,Partha Sarathi Choudhury,Sudhir Rawal,G. Karthikeyan,Vineet Talwar,Kumar Deep Dutta,Amitabh Singh 대한핵의학회 2019 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.53 No.6

Purpose The aimof this study was to evaluate safety and therapeutic efficacy of lutetium 177 prostate-specific membrane antigen (Lu-177-PSMA) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients with low performance status. Methods Twenty-two patients already treated with anti-androgens and docetaxel were enrolled for one cycle of Lu-177-PSMA therapy. Haemoglobin, total leukocyte counts, platelets and serum creatinine for toxicity profile while prostate specific antigen (PSA), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, visual analogue scale (VAS) and analgesic quantification scale (AQS) for therapeutic efficacy were recorded pre and 8 weeks post therapy.Wilcoxon signed-rank and ANOVA tests were used for statistical analysis. Results Partial response (PR), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) for PSAwere seen in 5 (22.7%), 13 (59.1%) and 4 (18.2%) patients respectively treated with mean 6.88 GBq dose of Lu-177-PSMA. 8/22 (36.4%) patients showed ≥ 30% drop in PSA. Grade 3 haemoglobin toxicity was seen in 5/22 (22.7%) patients. No patient developed grade 4 haemoglobin toxicity. No patients had grade 3 or 4 leukocytopenia or thrombocytopenia. Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed statistical significant (P < 0.05) difference in pre and post treatment ECOG, VAS, and AQS scores. The ANOVA test showed statistically significant difference in mean doses of Lu-177-PSMA used in three PSA response groups while difference was non-significant for other variables. Conclusion We concluded that Lu-177-PSMA therapy has adequate pain palliation in end-stage mCRPC patients with low performance status and it has a potential to become effective therapeutic option in properly selected patients.

Prospective validation of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ T-regulatory cells as an immunological marker to differentiate intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn’s disease

( Ritika Rampal ),( Saurabh Kedia ),( Mohamad Nahidul Wari ),( Deepak Madhu ),( Amit Kumar Singh ),( Veena Tiwari ),( V. Pratap Mouli ),( Srikant Mohta ),( Govind Makharia ),( Vineet Ahuja ) 대한장연구학회 2021 Intestinal Research Vol.19 No.2

Background/Aims: Crohn’s disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) remain “difficult-to-differentiate” diseases. We have previously documented peripheral blood frequency of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ T-regulatory cells (Treg) as a biomarker to differentiate CD and ITB. We tried to validate these results in a larger cohort of CD and ITB patients. Methods: Seventy treatment naïve patients of CD (n=23) and ITB (n=47) (diagnosed by standard criteria) were recruited prospectively from October 2016 to May 2017. Patients with history of antitubercular therapy in the past were excluded. The frequency of Treg cells in peripheral blood was determined by flow cytometry, and compared between CD and ITB patients. Results: Similar to our previous study, frequency of Treg cells in peripheral blood was significantly increased in ITB as compared to CD patients (40.9 [interquartile range, 33-50] vs. 24.9 [interquartile range, 14.4-29.6], P< 0.001). Further, the receiver operating characteristics curve also showed good diagnostic accuracy with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77 (95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.89) and a FOXP3⁺ cutoff value of >31.3% had a sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 82.6% respectively, to differentiate ITB from CD. Even for the indeterminate cases (n=33), Treg cell frequency had similar diagnostic accuracy with an AUC of 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.95) and a cutoff of 32.37% had sensitivity and specificity of 87% and 95% respectively, to differentiate ITB from CD. Conclusions: The current findings validate that the increased frequency of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ Treg in the peripheral blood can be used as a biomarker with high diagnostic accuracy to differentiate ITB from CD. (Intest Res 2021;19:232-238)