Estimation of Automatic Video Captioning in Real Applications using Machine Learning Techniques and Convolutional Neural Network

Vaishnavi, J,Narmatha, V International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.9

The prompt development in the field of video is the outbreak of online services which replaces the television media within a shorter period in gaining popularity. The online videos are encouraged more in use due to the captions displayed along with the scenes for better understandability. Not only entertainment media but other marketing companies and organizations are utilizing videos along with captions for their product promotions. The need for captions is enabled for its usage in many ways for hearing impaired and non-native people. Research is continued in an automatic display of the appropriate messages for the videos uploaded in shows, movies, educational videos, online classes, websites, etc. This paper focuses on two concerns namely the first part dealing with the machine learning method for preprocessing the videos into frames and resizing, the resized frames are classified into multiple actions after feature extraction. For the feature extraction statistical method, GLCM and Hu moments are used. The second part deals with the deep learning method where the CNN architecture is used to acquire the results. Finally both the results are compared to find the best accuracy where CNN proves to give top accuracy of 96.10% in classification.

Fragile Watermarking Scheme Based on Wavelet Edge Features

Vaishnavi, D.,Subashini, T.S. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.5

This paper proposes a novel watermarking method to discover the tampers and localize it in digital image. The image which is to be used to generate a watermark is first wavelet decomposed and the edge feature from the sub bands of high frequency coefficients are retrieved to generate a watermark (Edge Feature Image) and which is to be embed on the cover image. Before embedding the watermark, the pixels of cover image are disordered through the Arnold Transform and this helps to upgrade the security of the watermark. The embedding of generated edge feature image is done only on the Least Significant Bit (LSB) of the cover image. The invisibleness and robustness of the proposed method is computed using Peak-Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Normalized Correlation (NC) and it proves that the proposed method delivers good results and the proposed method also detects and localizes the tampers efficiently. The invisibleness of proposed method is compared with the existing method and it proves that the proposed method is better.

Advanced strategies for modifying the water splitting performance of MoSe2 photocatalyst: A critical review of recent progress

Vaishnavi Sharma,Abhinandan Kumar,Pardeep Singh,Praveen Kumar Verma,Tansir Ahamad,Sourbh Thakur,Quyet Van Le,Van Huy Nguyen,Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan,Pankaj Raizada 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.128 No.-

Water splitting technology is rapidly evolving in order to generate H2 in a sustainable manner to amendthe global energy crisis. Water splitting over semiconductor catalyst nanoparticles for large-scale hydrogenproduction has shown to be a simple and affordable procedure, attracting researchers from aroundthe world for more fruitful studies and development in the field of photocatalysis. In this respect,MoSe2 is a promising semiconductor photocatalyst owing to its non-toxic nature, low Gibbs free energy,high metallic character, impressive opto-electronic properties, and outstanding photocatalytic performance. Moreover, the 2D nature of MoSe2 allows the easy tuning of the bandgap to suit H2 evolution reactionapplication by simple synthesis techniques. Therefore, in this review, we have comprehensivelydiscussed the influence of morphology on photocatalytic water splitting with a main focus on the nanostructuremodifications to modulate the properties of MoSe2. In detail, starting from the crystal structureand optimal photocatalytic features of MoSe2, insights into photocatalytic water splitting have been highlighted. Various modes of nanostructure designs involving hydro(solvo)thermal, CVD, PVD, exfoliation,and intercalation are outlined. The lower bandgap energy is subjected to a high rate of photoinducedexcitons recombination, which reduces its photocatalytic efficiency. Therefore, modification techniquessuch as doping, heterostructure construction, and vacancy generation are presented in order to concurrentlyimprove the photocatalytic water splitting performance. Finally, the study concludes with a summaryof recent advancements and anticipated potential trends in this area to instigate further researchendeavours.

Effect of Cabinet Drying on Nutritional Quality and Drying Kinetics of Brinjal (Solanum Melongena L) and Bitter Gourd (Momordica Charantia)

Pushparaja Vaishnavy,Vasantharuba Seevaratnam,Nadarajah Kannan 한국농업기계학회 2023 바이오시스템공학 Vol.48 No.2

Purpose Thisstudy aimed at investigating the drying kinetics and nutritional profi le ofbrinjal and bitter gourd using cabinet dryers. Moreover, this study is new inidentifying suitable drying conditions of cabinet dryers for drying vegetablessince the literature related to this work is very limited. Methods The brinjal (BR) and bitter gourd (BG) were dried at diff erent temperatures: 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C. The drying kinetics using Page, Henderson and Pabis and Logarithmic models was studied along with changes in physicochemical properties: moisture content, water activity, pH, texture and color; nutritional profi le: crude fi ber content, ash content, phenolic content, fl avonoid content and antioxidant activity for two diff erent vegetables: BR and BG. Finally, sensory evaluation was done to check the quality of dried vegetables. Results The drying temperature had signifi cantly infl uenced the drying rate of BR and BG. Moreover, water activity, pH, texture, colour, nutrient profi le and sensory properties of BR and BG also changed with diff erent drying conditions. Conclusion The drying temperature of 60 °C was recommended to retain the quality of dried BR and BG in terms of physicochemical properties: pH, moisture content, water activity, texture and color and nutritional profi le: crude fi ber content, ash content, phenolic content, fl avonoid content and antioxidant activity. Moreover, BR dried at 60 °C and BG dried at 50 °C were selected as most preferred samples based on sensory properties: appearance, aroma, color and overall acceptability. The Page model was the best suited model to explain drying kinetics of BR and BG in cabinet dryers. The new knowledge created by this work in optimizing drying conditions for BR and BG will help widen the science behind drying of vegetables under controlled conditions without any quality deterioration.

Assessment of mechanical allodynia in healthy teeth adjacent and contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth: a clinical study

Patankar Vaishnavi Ratnakar,Jain Ashish K,Rao Rahul D,Rao Prajakta R 대한치과보존학회 2024 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.49 No.3

Objectives The present study investigated the prevalence of mechanical allodynia (MA) in healthy teeth adjacent and contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included 114 patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis in permanent mandibular first molars who possessed healthy teeth adjacent and contralateral to the endodontically diseased tooth. The mechanical sensitivity of the teeth was determined by percussion testing. The presence or absence of pain on percussion in the teeth adjacent and contralateral to the endodontically diseased tooth and the tooth distal to the contralateral symmetrical tooth was recorded according to coding criteria. The prevalence of MA was computed as a percentage, and binary logistic regression analysis was done. The Fisher exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for binary and ordinal data. Results Age and sex did not influence the prevalence of MA. An increased prevalence of MA was found in patients with higher levels of spontaneous pain (p < 0.001). The prevalence of allodynia was 57% in teeth adjacent to endodontically diseased teeth and 10.5% in teeth contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth. In addition, on the ipsilateral side, there were more painful sensations distal to the diseased tooth than mesially. Conclusions Despite being disease-free, teeth adjacent and contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth exhibited pain on percussion. There was a direct association between the severity of the patient’s pain and the presence of MA. Objectives The present study investigated the prevalence of mechanical allodynia (MA) in healthy teeth adjacent and contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included 114 patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis in permanent mandibular first molars who possessed healthy teeth adjacent and contralateral to the endodontically diseased tooth. The mechanical sensitivity of the teeth was determined by percussion testing. The presence or absence of pain on percussion in the teeth adjacent and contralateral to the endodontically diseased tooth and the tooth distal to the contralateral symmetrical tooth was recorded according to coding criteria. The prevalence of MA was computed as a percentage, and binary logistic regression analysis was done. The Fisher exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for binary and ordinal data. Results Age and sex did not influence the prevalence of MA. An increased prevalence of MA was found in patients with higher levels of spontaneous pain (p < 0.001). The prevalence of allodynia was 57% in teeth adjacent to endodontically diseased teeth and 10.5% in teeth contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth. In addition, on the ipsilateral side, there were more painful sensations distal to the diseased tooth than mesially. Conclusions Despite being disease-free, teeth adjacent and contralateral to endodontically diseased teeth exhibited pain on percussion. There was a direct association between the severity of the patient’s pain and the presence of MA.

Fragile Watermarking Scheme Based on Wavelet Edge Features

D.Vaishnavi,T.S.Subashini 대한전기학회 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.5

This paper proposes a novel watermarking method to discover the tampers and localize it in digital image. The image which is to be used to generate a watermark is first wavelet decomposed and the edge feature from the sub bands of high frequency coefficients are retrieved to generate a watermark (Edge Feature Image) and which is to be embed on the cover image. Before embedding the watermark, the pixels of cover image are disordered through the Arnold Transform and this helps to upgrade the security of the watermark. The embedding of generated edge feature image is done only on the Least Significant Bit (LSB) of the cover image. The invisibleness and robustness of the proposed method is computed using Peak-Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Normalized Correlation (NC) and it proves that the proposed method delivers good results and the proposed method also detects and localizes the tampers efficiently. The invisibleness of proposed method is compared with the existing method and it proves that the proposed method is better.

Additive Manufacturing Building Envelopes - A Study on the Future of 3D/4D Printing Technology for Building Facades

Lakshmi Narasimhan, Vaishnavi(락쉬미 나라심한, 배이수나비),Lee, Hyunsoo(이현수) 한국실내디자인학회 2020 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.22 No.2

Elderly"s preference for interactive environments: A study on Biophilic design-based amenities in elderly housing towards their wellbeing

Lakshmi Narasimhan, Vaishnavi(락쉬미 나라심한 배이수나비),Kim, Suk-Kyung(김석경),Lee, Hyun Soo(이현수) 한국주거학회 2020 한국주거학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.32 No.2

While there is a viable increase in the incorporation of gardens and outdoor spaces in residential facilities for elderly which offers them great opportunity to have a healthy life style to be active and to interact with neighbors, however these spaces remain less utilized despite many identified benefits. This can be due to combination of increasing frailty in late life and barriers in accessing the outdoor environments. Therefore, a balance of well-designed easily accessible outdoor environment, and an environment that brings the great natural outdoors into the built indoor environment is much needed in elderly housing design. Biophilic design concept in elderly care design can be approached to refine and rethink the outdoor space and moreover, in the indoor space by consciously incorporating greenery, we are unconsciously reconnecting them with nature. These biophilic design spaces becomes a great source of active social interaction among the users as well. The purpose of this study is to identify on what spaces do the elderly take satisfaction in when it comes to interactive amenities spaces that is provided for them in their residential community and how those spaces can be approached by adopting biophilic design principles. The empirical material of the research consists of case study and an online questionnaire. To study the impact of biophilia design in elderly housing, specific cases which were designed by adopting biophilic design in elderly care were studied, then an online survey was conducted with 30 elderly participants from India and Republic of Korea to know their preferences towards providing them a biophilic interactive space in their housing environment.

Portfolio Composition and Valuation Effects in Emerging Market Economies

Ashima Goyal,Vaishnavi Sharma 한국국제경제학회 2018 International Economic Journal Vol.32 No.3

The increase in cross-border assets and liabilities of nations with globalization, implies small asset price and currency movements create large wealth changes. The national net external position is increasingly driven by valuation effects, which the current account does not capture. We analyze valuation effects for a group of seven emerging economies, namely Brazil, Colombia, India, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Peru and Turkey for the time period 2005:Q1-2015:Q4 by scrutinizing their external asset portfolio while controlling for country fundamentals. Both asset and liability categories of Direct Investment equity are found to positively impact valuation. Equity liabilities and debt assets of Portfolio Investment positively influence valuation. Debt liabilities of all kinds of investment negatively impact valuation. Countries with stronger currency tend to gain through valuation effects. An appreciated real effective exchange rate is associated with higher valuation gains. We also found non-linear effects of the composition of external debt portfolio by interacting external portfolio and country characteristics. The external portfolio selection of emerging economies (with more in Direct Investment equity liabilities and Portfolio Investment debt assets) in the period has shielded them from global volatility, and enabled valuation gains.

Effect of Lip Depth on the Flexural Capacity of Cold-Formed Steel Section

Vijayamurugan Nitish,Prabaharan Vaishnavi,Akhas Punitha kumar 한국강구조학회 2024 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.24 No.4

Cold-formed steel section (CFS) is broadly utilised in structural elements such as compression members, fl exural members and tension members. Owing to its commendable properties such as light weight, easy handling, faster installation, aesthetic appearance and high strength to weight ratio, this study investigates the impact of lip depth and web depth on the fl exural strength of light gauge steel C-sections. Specifi cally, it examines the fl exural strength, including the strength-to-weight ratio, of C-sections with varying lip depths, and comparing these trends across diff erent web depths. A fi nite element analysis was carried out to determine the optimum dimension of the depth of the lip by using the software ABAQUS. Load–defl ection behaviour, failure modes, strength to weight ratio and changes in the load carrying capacity were discussed in this paper. The paper explores the load–defl ection behaviour, failure modes, strength-to-weight ratio variations and corresponding diff erences in bending carrying capacity. The analysis reveals that the strength-to-weight ratio of C-sections increases gradually with lip depth. Moreover, an increase in lip depth positively infl uences the load carrying capacity of lipped channel sections in CFS structures.