An overview of converting reductive photocatalyst into all solid-state and direct Z-scheme system for water splitting and CO2 reduction

Pankaj Raizada,Abhinandan Kumar,Vasudha Hasija,Pardeep Singh,Vijay Kumar Thakur,Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.93 No.-

Considering the current scenario of rising environmental and energy concerns, engineering of Z-schemephotocatalytic systems is in the spotlight. The prime reason for this includes efficient redox abilities andeffective space separation along with the migration of photoinduced charge carriers over conventionalheterojunction systems. Herein we foreground the stumbling blocks of traditional heterojunctionsystems and enlighten the generations of Z-scheme photocatalysis originating from liquid-phase todirect Z-scheme photocatalytic systems. We provide substantial criteria and selection aspects ofchoosing reductive type photocatalysts as a potential aspirant for the Z-scheme photocatalytic system. AsZ-scheme photocatalytic systems render effective space separation of photogenerated carriers, activespecies generation, wide optical absorption and amended redox ability. We focus on comprehensiveillustration of all solid-state and direct Z-scheme photocatalysts by coupling reductive typephotocatalysts with other semiconductor material and explored their potential for efficacious conversionof solar energy into functional energy. Herein, we aim to provide in-depth and updated criteria forselecting Z-scheme photocatalysts for CO2 reduction, water splitting, and nitrogenfixation. Lastly, thearticle compiles with a conclusive note about future perspectives and challenges accompanying all solidstateand direct Z-scheme Z photocatalysts and their energy conversion applications.

Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer photocatalysts: synthesis, applications and future perspective

Komal Poonia,Pankaj Raizada,Archana Singh,Narinder Verma,Tansir Ahamad,Saad M. Alshehri,Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan,Pardeep Singh,Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.113 No.-

Effective degradation of low-concentration pollutants is a critical challenge during the water purificationprocess. The use of different chemicals can leave residue in samples that can impose potential ecotoxicologicaland adverse impacts on human health. Presently, Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers(MMIPs) have attracted much attention as the research material comprises a non-magnetic polymerand magnetic material for selective binding for target molecule and recoverability of catalyst via magnetism,respectively. This review explains the synergistic effect of adsorption with photocatalysis tounderstand their recognition mechanism and the possible interaction between the target molecule andMIPs. Then their common imprinting polymerization processes i.e., free radical polymerization andnon-free radical polymerization are briefly discussed with their respective advantages and disadvantages. In addition, this review highlights the photocatalytic degradation mechanism of photocatalyst cumadsorbent is critically discussed by comparing it with non-imprinted polymers. Finally, the applicationsof MMIPs in the removal or degradation of refractory pollutants, sensing, and recognition have alsobeen delineated. This paper summarises progressive future challenges of the technology that need tobe exploited for the preparation of the targeted catalyst.

Review on fabrication of graphitic carbon nitride based efficient nanocomposites for photodegradation of aqueous phase organic pollutants

Anita Sudhaik,Pankaj Raizada,Pooja Shandilya,정대용,임지호,Pardeep Singh 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.67 No.-

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a fascinating visible light active semiconductor photocatalyst has medium band gap, non-toxic nature, stable chemical structure and high thermal stability. Recently, intensive researches are focused on photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 for wastewater treatment. This review demonstrates latest progress in fabrication of graphitic carbon nitride C3N4 incorporated nanocomposite to explore photocatalytic ability for water purification. The g-C3N4-based nanocomposites were categorized as g-C3N4 metal-free nanocomposite, noble metals/g-C3N4 heterojunction, non-metal doped g-C3N4, transition and post transition metal based g-C3N4 nanocomposite. Apart from fabrication methods, we emphasized on elaborating the mechanism of activity enhancement during photocatalytic process.

An overview of SnO2 based Z scheme heterojuctions: Fabrication, mechanism and advanced photocatalytic applications

Akshay Chawla,Anita Sudhaik,Pankaj Raizada,Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan,Archana Singh,Quyet Van Le,Van Huy Nguyen,Adem Sreedhar,Saad M. Alshehri,Abdullah M. Asiri,Pardeep Singh 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.116 No.-

Not just people, but all living species, desire a clean and green environment to live a happy and healthylife. However, in our ever-increasingly congested world, it is quite challenging. Excessive deforestation,factory smoke, various chemical compounds, agricultural chemicals, etc. all pollute our environmentseverely. Some of its adverse consequences include water contamination and a shortage of energy supplies. In recent times, photocatalysts have sparked tremendous attention as a means of addressing energydemands as well as environmental challenges (water pollution). For this, SnO2 and SnO2 based photocatalystshave gained a great attention due to its good photocatalytic ability. In the same way, SnO2-based Zschemephotocatalysts has extended significant interest to address these concerns due to its strong photocatalyticcharacteristics, energy savings, eco-friendliness, and lack of adverse health effects. Though, thephotocatalytic effectiveness of conventional SnO2 semiconductors, with their shortcomings, falls wellshort of the real requirements. The current review emphasizes on admirable properties and several synthesisprocesses of SnO2 which make it an ideal photocatalyst. This study also stresses the fundamentalshortcomings of SnO2 that restrict its utilization. The central section of this review is concentrated onSnO2-based Z-scheme photocatalysts and most recent significant research modification of Z-schemeSnO2-based photocatalysts. The photocatalytic applications of Z-scheme SnO2-based photocatalysts forpollutants removal, energy conversion, and water splitting are also summarized. In conclusion, we haveaddressed the challenges and future exploration of SnO2-based photocatalysts with a Z-scheme heterojunctiontype for pollutant degradation and energy conversion.

BiFeO3-based Z scheme photocatalytic systems: Advances, mechanism, and applications

Aastha Dhawan,Anita Sudhaik,Pankaj Raizada,Sourbh Thakur,Tansir Ahamad,Pankaj Thakur,Pardeep Singh,Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.117 No.-

Hitherto, heed has been paid substantially to concoct potential photocatalysts to counter the issues ofenvironmental degradation and energy crises. Amongst the plethora of photocatalysts, BiFeO3 (BFO)based photocatalysts are blooming as a centre of attraction due to fine chemical stability, and easy extraction. Also owing to a 2.2–2.8 electron volt (eV) narrow bandgap, BFO to has turned into a competent photocatalystfor efficient visible light absorption. So, keeping in mind the advantages of BFO and reviewingprevious reports, the present review offers a deep overview of conventional heterojunctions andadvanced Z-scheme heterojunctions. The main focus of the review is on BFO-based Z-scheme heterojunctionsalong with photocatalytic mechanisms and various applications. The successful construction ofBFO-based Z-scheme heterojunction eliminates drawbacks of bare BFO photocatalysts such as shortlivedcharge carriers, and high recombination rate, and also enhances light absorption of the system asa whole. Because of spatially separated oxidation and reduction sites and efficacious charge migration,BFO-based Z-scheme heterojunctions are proficient contenders among photocatalytic materials. Therefore, BFO-based Z-scheme heterojunctions are aptly used nowadays, in various fields like pollutantdegradation, wastewater treatment, organic synthesis, hydrogen production, and treatment ofantibiotics.

Converting Ag3PO4/CdS/Fe doped C3N4 based dual Z-scheme photocatalyst into photo- Fenton system for efficient photocatalytic phenol removal

Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan,Pardeep Singh,Pankaj Raizada,Abdullah M. Asiri 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.98 No.-

In this work, a dual Z-scheme Ag3PO4/CdS/Fe-g-C3N4 (AP/CdS/FeCN) photocatalyst was prepared byprecipitation- deposition method. AP/CdS/FeCN photocatalyst was converted into the heterogenousphoto-Fenton system with the addition of H2O2. The synergistic coupling between AP/CdS/FeCN andH2O2 resulted in enhanced for phenol degradation, with a rate constant of constant 6.2 10 4 s-1, which is1.31 and 1.61 times than that of AP/CdS/FeCN and Fe2O3/H2O2. The enhancement in photodegradationwas attributed to (i) more regeneration of Fe2+ ions, (ii) enhanced visible light absorption, (iii) elevatedredox potential due to more hydroxyl radical’s formation, and (iv) low Fe leaching in the reactionsolution. As indicated by EIS, PL, and trapping experiments, photoinduced CB electrons of g-C3N4 and CdSwere transferred entirely to Fe3+ to regenerate Fe2+ ions to accelerate the Fenton cycle. In comparison tothe conventional Fe2O3/H2O2 Fenton process, Fe ion leaching in AP/CdS/FeCN/H2O2 catalytic system wasalmost negligible. It confirmed strong chemical interaction of Fe3+ with g-C3N4. AP/CdS/FeCN/H2O2displayed significant catalytic efficacy andfirmness forfive successive catalytic cycles. Moreover, the AP/CdS/FeCN/H2O2 nanocomposite exhibited substantial mineralization perfomance for other phenolicpollutants. The results demonstrate that AP/CdS/FeCN/H2O2 catalytic system has the potential for waterpurification.

Recent advances in enhanced photocatalytic activity of bismuth oxyhalides for efficient photocatalysis of organic pollutants in water: A review

Kirti Sharma,Vishal Dutta,Sheetal Sharma,Pankaj Raizada,Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei,Pankaj Thakur,Pardeep Singh 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.78 No.-

Recently, layered bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX, X = F, Cl, Br and I) have received significant attention aspotential photocatalysts for energy and environment applications. However, limited visible light activityand recombination of photogenerated charge carriers limit their applications for photocatalytic waterpurification. In this review, various strategies such as heterojunction formation, metal/non-metal doping,interface modification, enhancement in Bi content, inner coupling between different BiOX photocatalyst,use of sensitizers and creation of oxygen vacancies was deliberated for improved photocatalyticperformance of BiOX. The integration of BiOX with other photocatalysts, mechanism for enhancedactivity and conclusive outlook with future challenges was also elaborated.

Emerging chemo-biocatalytic routes for valorization of major greenhouse gases (GHG) into industrial products: A comprehensive review

Kriti Sharma,Young-Kwon Park,Ashok Kumar Nadda,Priya Banerjee,Pradeep Singh,Pankaj Raizada,Fawzi Banat,G. Bharath,Sang Mun Jeong,Su Shiung Lam 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.109 No.-

Climate change is one of the major global concerns of 21st century, and the release of excessive greenhousegases (GHG) is the foremost reason behind. It has become imperative to either capture excessiveemission of GHG into the atmosphere or to develop advanced and efficient technologies for preventingfurther increase in its atmospheric concentration. Algal and microbial enzymes have been found to beeffective in catalyzing the conversion of GHG to value-added products like biofuels, chemicals, polymers,biogas, and bioelectricity etc. However, these enzymes yield better catalytic activities when applied incombination with nano-materials having similar prowess for capturing and converting GHG. Replacingconventional chemical production through GHG capture and utilization affects emission of the samethroughout the production chain (i.e., from cradle-to-gate). Herein, we analyze the technical potentialof hybrid chemo-biocatalytic processes for GHG capture and their utilization to produce valuable industrialcompounds. The study addresses the biosynthesis as well as genetic and metabolic engineering ofdifferent microbial enzymes for GHG sequestration and conversion. It also reviews recent literature ofusing different advanced materials for immobilization of enzymes and their subsequent application forGHG sequestration and conversion to valuable products.

Current status on designing of dual Z-scheme photocatalysts for energy and environmental applications

Rohit Kumar,Anita Sudhaik,Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan,Pankaj Raizada,Abdullah M. Asiri,Satyabrata Mohapatra,Sourbh Thakur,Vijay Kumar Thakur,Pardeep Singh 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.106 No.-

Growing pollution and high energy demand are some of the major issues against humans. Waterpollution is one of the main problems created due to industrial waste and irresponsible human activities. Nowadays, photocatalysis is rising as an efficient alternative to overcome the energy requirement andwater purification, as it can use solar light as a source of energy. Due to some limitations of photocatalysts,such as photocarriers recombination, low surface area, and limited light absorption, modificationssuch as defect modifications, heterojunction can be employed. Out of all, Z-scheme heterojunction is aproficient way to overwhelm the limitation of pristine photocatalysts. To enhance the activity of Zschemephotocatalyst, even more, a dual Z-scheme photocatalytic scheme has been developed in whichtwo Z-scheme based charge transfer occur simultaneously on a ternary photocatalyst. In this review, wehave discussed the different types of dual Z-schemes along with their application in water purificationand finally, we have discussed the future prospects for further research.

Advanced strategies for modifying the water splitting performance of MoSe2 photocatalyst: A critical review of recent progress

Vaishnavi Sharma,Abhinandan Kumar,Pardeep Singh,Praveen Kumar Verma,Tansir Ahamad,Sourbh Thakur,Quyet Van Le,Van Huy Nguyen,Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan,Pankaj Raizada 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.128 No.-

Water splitting technology is rapidly evolving in order to generate H2 in a sustainable manner to amendthe global energy crisis. Water splitting over semiconductor catalyst nanoparticles for large-scale hydrogenproduction has shown to be a simple and affordable procedure, attracting researchers from aroundthe world for more fruitful studies and development in the field of photocatalysis. In this respect,MoSe2 is a promising semiconductor photocatalyst owing to its non-toxic nature, low Gibbs free energy,high metallic character, impressive opto-electronic properties, and outstanding photocatalytic performance. Moreover, the 2D nature of MoSe2 allows the easy tuning of the bandgap to suit H2 evolution reactionapplication by simple synthesis techniques. Therefore, in this review, we have comprehensivelydiscussed the influence of morphology on photocatalytic water splitting with a main focus on the nanostructuremodifications to modulate the properties of MoSe2. In detail, starting from the crystal structureand optimal photocatalytic features of MoSe2, insights into photocatalytic water splitting have been highlighted. Various modes of nanostructure designs involving hydro(solvo)thermal, CVD, PVD, exfoliation,and intercalation are outlined. The lower bandgap energy is subjected to a high rate of photoinducedexcitons recombination, which reduces its photocatalytic efficiency. Therefore, modification techniquessuch as doping, heterostructure construction, and vacancy generation are presented in order to concurrentlyimprove the photocatalytic water splitting performance. Finally, the study concludes with a summaryof recent advancements and anticipated potential trends in this area to instigate further researchendeavours.