On functionally-graded crashworthy shape of conical structures for multiple load cases

Tong Pang,Yinfeng Li,Hehe Kang,Guangyong Sun,Jianguang Fang,Qing Li 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.6

Many studies on energy absorbers have been focused on tapered tubes because they have significant advantages in crashworthinessand provide a desired constant load-deflection response. However, few studies have been reported on tapered tubes with nonlinearlyvariablediameters along the longitudinal direction. This paper presents thin-walled Functionally graded tapered tube (FGTT) with a diametervarying nonlinearly subject to axial (0°) and oblique (10°, 20°, 30°) impacts. To explore the advantages of FGTT, conventionalStraight/Conical circular tube (SCT/CCT) with the same mass are compared; and FGTTs with a gradient exponent n > 1 are found to bepreferable to others in terms of energy absorption capacity under small impact angles. Then, crashworthiness analyses of different crushingdistances are conducted and it is found that under a large impact angle (e.g. 20°, 30°), FGTT with a short crushing distance (e.g. 40mm) have a higher mean crashing force than long crushing distance (e.g. 120 mm), especially for n > 1. In addition, the effect of geometricparameters, such as the gradient exponent n and diameter range ΔD between top (incident) and bottom (distal) diameters of FGTTs,are also studied and it is found that the FGTT with ΔD = 40 mm and n > 1 exhibits better crashworthiness than the others under smallimpact angles (0°, 10°). This paper demonstrates that such FGTT structures have a certain potential to be an energy absorber.

고려전기 북진정책의 추이

방동인 ( Tong In Pang ) 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 1985 領土 問題 硏究 Vol.2 No.-

Differential pathways for calcium influx activated by concanavalin A and CD3 stimulation in Jurkat T cells.

Pang, Bo,Shin, Dong Hoon,Park, Kyung Sun,Huh, Yun Jeong,Woo, Joohan,Zhang, Yin-Hua,Kang, Tong Mook,Lee, Ki-Young,Kim, Sung Joon Springer-Verlag 2012 Pfl ugers Arch Vol.463 No.2

<P>Sustained increase in [Ca(2+)](c) (δ[Ca(2+)](c)) is a critical early signal from T-cell receptor (TCR/CD3). In general, Ca(2+)-release activated Ca(2+) channels (CRAC) are responsible for the Ca(2+) influx and δ[Ca(2+)](c) after TCR/CD3 stimulation. However, T cells also express Ca(2+)-permeable nonselective cation channels such as TRPM2 and TRPC. Gd(3+) is a relatively selective blocker for CRAC at micromolar concentrations. Here, Jurkat T cells were used to investigate the Gd(3+)-resistant Ca(2+) influx (δ[Ca(2+)](c,Gd)) induced by concanavalin A (ConA, 1?μg/ml), a widely used mitogenic agent for T cells, or by anti-CD3 Ab (αCD3). αCD3-induced δ[Ca(2+)](c) was partly (~60%) inhibited by 1?μM Gd(3+) while thapsigargin-induced δ[Ca(2+)] was almost completely abolished. ConA-induced δ[Ca(2+)] was mostly inhibited by 1?μM Gd(3+) during the early phase (<30?s of ConA application) and became resistant during the late phase (>2?min). Induction of δ[Ca(2+)](c,Gd) by αCD3 and ConA was inhibited by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and by N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) anthranilic acid, indicating that TRPM2 and TRPC are involved in this process. Treatment with Pyr-3, a TRPC3-specific inhibitor, potently suppressed δ[Ca(2+)](c,Gd) by αCD3 (IC(50), 0.16?μM). Patch clamp experiments demonstrated that the TRPM2 channels were activated by ConA, and the TRPC-like channels were activated by αCD3. Our present study suggests that TRPM2 and TRPC3 are activated by ConA and TCR/CD3, respectively, in Jurkat T cells and are responsible for the induction of δ[Ca(2+)](c,Gd).</P>

A Mean Field Game-Theoretic Cross-Layer Optimization for Multi-Hop Swarm UAV Communications

Tong Li,Cong Li,Chungang Yang,Junqi Shao,Yue Zhang,Lei Pang,Lizhong Chang,Lingli Yang,Zhu Han 한국통신학회 2022 Journal of communications and networks Vol.24 No.1

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multi-hop communicationnetworks are foreseen to be widely employed inboth military and civilian scenarios. However, in ultra-densescenarios with swarm UAVs, nodes are highly dynamic mobile,ultra-dense deployment and non-centralized distribution. Thesecharacteristics make the centralized resource management policynot apply. Meanwhile, existing routing protocols can’t meetthe performance challenges of high dynamic, topology and linkfrequency changes of ultra-dense scenarios with swarm UAVs. Tosolve the above challenges of resource management and routingprotocol, a cross-layer optimization method is presented witha novel mean field game (MFG) in this paper. It is based onthe cross-layer design method of the MFG theory and jointlyconsiders the power resources in the physical layer, frequencyresources in the medium access control (MAC) layer, and routingresources in the network layer. By dividing into subproblems,the original problem is solved. Meanwhile, the optimal datatransmission path can be selected through the management andallocation of frequency resources and power resources. A crosslayerresource management dynamic source routing (CLRMDSR)protocol is designed based on that which adds link qualitymeasurement. The simulation results show that the presentedCLRM-DSR with the proposed resource management schemecan improve the data packet transmission rate, reduce end-toenddelay, and lower routing overhead for the multi-hop swarmUAV communication network.

三和寺의 창건과 歷史性 검토

方東仁 한국문화사학회 1997 文化史學 Vol.- No.8

Low breeding success of the little egret (Egretta garzetta) near residential areas and in colonies exposed to gales: a comparison of colony in Sichuan, Southwest China, with literature

Rui Hua Pang,Tong Lei Yu,Michael Busam 한국통합생물학회 2019 Animal cells and systems Vol.23 No.3

The breeding biology of the little egret (Egretta garzetta) was studied in 20 nests within the mixed-species breeding colonies at Nanchong, Sichuan, Southwest China, in 2006. By measuring a set of physical characteristics of vegetation at the nests and at a set of 20 randomly chosen sites we showed that birds preferentially used taller trees in areas with fewer shrubs of higher species diversity. Nests at lower locations in trees had marginally lower hatching success due to their destruction by humans; this destruction contributed marginally significantly to lowering of the total nesting success in all studied nests. Although gale winds also had a negative effect on breeding success, the anthropogenic influences were a greater factor in reproductive failure. We found similar effects in our review of literature on breeding success of the little egret from various geographical areas. Our results may be of use by conservation organizations in their actions to protect colonies of the little egret.

Analysis of TRRAP as a Potential Molecular Marker and Therapeutic Target for Breast Cancer

Ji Wang,Ming Shan,Tong Liu,Qingyu Shi,Zhenbin Zhong,Wei Wei,Da Pang 한국유방암학회 2016 Journal of breast cancer Vol.19 No.1

Purpose: This study was designed to assess the protein levels of transformation/transcription domain-associated protein (TRRAP) in invasive ductal breast carcinomas, and investigated the association between TRRAP and the clinicopathological features of breast cancer. Methods: We examined TRRAP protein expression in 470 breast cancer tissues and normal breast tissues by tissue microarray to study the correlation between TRRAP expression and clinicopathological features. This was analyzed using the chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests were applied to analyze the survival status. Cox regression was applied for multivariate analysis of prognosis. Results: The data demonstrated that expression of TRRAP was significantly lower in breast carcinomas (36.6%) than in corresponding normal breast tissues (50.8%). In addition, TRRAP protein levels negatively correlated with tumor size, and indicated poor differentiation, increased nodal involvement, and low p53-positive rates. Analysis of survival revealed that lower TRRAP expression correlated with shorter survival time. Univariate analyses identified TRRAP and progesterone receptor as independent protective factors for breast cancer prognosis. However, Ki-67, tumor size, and nodal involvement appeared to be independent risk factors. Conclusion: The findings indicate a significant correlation between TRRAP protein levels and adverse prognosis in breast cancer. Therefore, TRRAP could be a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer. In addition, TRRAP is also a predictive biomarker of breast cancer treatment.

Output Tracking Predictive Control of Networked Systems with Two-channel Random Communication Constraints

Chuan-Dong Bai,Tong Mu,Zhong-Hua Pang,Jian Sun,Guo-Ping Liu 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2023 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.21 No.2

In this paper, the output tracking control problem is investigated for a networked control system with twochannel random network delays and packet dropouts as well as stochastic noise. To actively compensate for these random communication constraints in the feedback and forward channels, a novel networked predictive control (NPC) method is proposed based on the input-output difference equation model, where the two-channel communication constraints are handled separately according to their different features. Furthermore, different from the existing NPC methods based on round-trip time delays, actual control inputs rather than the predicted ones are employed to generate future control commands. Then a delay-independent closed-loop stability condition is obtained, and a condition to guarantee a zero steady-state output tracking error is derived. Also, theoretical analysis shows that the proposed NPC method can achieve the same output tracking performance as the corresponding local control system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by simulation and experimental results.

Efficient Mucosal Immunization by Mucoadhesive and pH-Sensitive Polymeric Vaccine Delivery System

Lei Xing,Tian-Jiao Zhou,Ya-Tong Fan,Yu-jing He,Tao Pang,조기현,Jinjian Lu,Hu-Lin Jiang,조종수 한국고분자학회 2019 Macromolecular Research Vol.27 No.3

Mucosal surfaces as the largest immune organ of human body cover 400 m2 of the body including the gastrointestinal, urogenital, and respiratory tracts. The local mucosal immunity is an important first line of defense against many pathogens because most pathogens initiate their infection through access to the mucosal region of body. Also, the mucosal vaccines induce mucosal and systemic immunity simultaneously. Therefore, attracted by the advantages of mucosal immunity, researchers keep an eye on the mucoadhesive and pH-sensitive polymeric vaccine delivery system to solve several limitations of mucosal administration, making mucosal immunity receive great interests lately. In this review, we discuss natural polymer- and synthetic polymer-based mucoadhesive and pHsensitive systems used for mucosal vaccine delivery. Also, we cover how to target antigen presenting cells and M cells for the cell specificity. Finally, we conclude the significant progress in mucosal vaccine and the prospect mucosal vaccine research in the future.

How to evaluate the adequacy of staging for nodal-negative epithelial ovarian cancer? Use of nodal staging score

Yuan Xu,Haoran Li,Xiaoxia Tong,Yangyang Pang,Xiaojuan Tong,Luhong Li,Lei Cheng 대한부인종양학회 2019 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.30 No.2

Objective: No guideline has been provided to assess the minimal number of lymph nodes (LNs) that should be dissected for accurate staging in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The aim of the study was to develop a nodal staging score (NSS) as an index to assess whether a pathologic (p)N0 EOC patient is indeed free of a nodal disease. Methods: A total of 16,361 EOC patients staged I–III between 2004 and 2013 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result database. With a β-binomial model, NSS was calculated to assess the probability of true-negative findings of LN status. Results: With an increased number of LNs examined, the probability of missing a nodal disease decreased and varied among different pT stages. Given 1 LN examined, an NSS of 93.76% calculated could ensure a high adequacy of nodal-negative classification for pT1N0 EOC patients. For pT2N0 patients, 5 LNs examined could guarantee an NSS of 90% for adequate staging. Likewise, 11 and 29 LNs examined in pT3N0 patients could maintain NSS at the level of 80% and 90%, respectively. Our study suggested the optimal number of LNs that could be examined and stratified by the pT stages for EOC patients based on this statistical model derived from large pathologic data of clinical surgery patients. Conclusion: NSS, as an auxiliary tool, not only could assist the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging more precisely, but also would provide a statistical basis for postoperative evaluation for further clinical decision-making.