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Degradation of Raw Starch Granules by α-Amylase Purified from Culture of Aspergillus awamori KT-11
( Takayoshi Matsubara ),( Youssef Ben Ammar ),( Trisanti Anindyawati ),( Satoru Yamamoto ),( Kazuo Ito ),( Masaru Iizuka ),( Noshi Minamiura ) 생화학분자생물학회 2004 BMB Reports Vol.37 No.4
Raw-starch-digesting α-amylase (Amyl Ⅲ) was purified to an electrophoretically pure state from the extract of a koji culture of Aspergillus awamori KT 11 using wheat bran in the medium. The purified Amyl Ⅲ digested not only soluble starch but also raw corn starch. The major products from the raw starch using Amyl Ⅲ were maltotriose and maltose, although a small amount of glucose was produced. Amyl Ⅲ acted on all raw starch granules that it has been tested on. However, it was considered that the action mode of the Amyl Ⅲ on starch granules was different from that of glucoamylase judging from the observation of granules under a scanning electron microscope before and after enzyme reaction, and also from the reaction products. Glucoamylase (GA I) was also isolated and it was purified to an electrophoretically pure state from the extract. It was found that the electron micrographic features of the granules after treatment with the enzymes were quite different. A synergistic effect of Amyl Ⅲ and GA I was observed for the digestion of raw starch granules.
( Takayoshi Matsubara ),( Youssef Ben Ammar ),( Trisanti Anindyawati ),( Satoru Yamamoto ),( Kazuo Ito ),( Masaru Iizuka ),( Noshi Minamiura ) 생화학분자생물학회 2004 BMB Reports Vol.37 No.4
Complementary DNAs encoding α-amylases (Amyl I, Amyl Ⅲ) and glucoamylase (GA I) were cloned from Aspergillus awamori KT-11 and their nucleotide sequences were determined. The sequence of Amyl Ⅲ that was a raw starch digesting α-amylase was found to consist of a 1,902 bp open reading frame encoding 634 amino acids. The signal peptide of the enzyme was composed of 21 amino acids. On the other hand, the sequence of Amyl I, which cannot act on raw starch, consisted of a 1,500 bp ORF encoding 499 amino acids. The signal peptide of the enzyme was composed of 21 amino acids. The sequence of GA I consisted of a 1,920 bp ORF that encoded 639 amino acids. The signal peptide was composed of 24 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of Amyl III from the N-terminus to the amino acid number 499 showed 633% homology with Amyl I. However, the amino acid sequence from the amino acid number 501 to C-terminus, including the rawstarch-affinity site and the TS region rich in threonine and serine, showed 66.9% homology with GA I.
Invasiveness Reduction of Recent Total En Bloc Spondylectomy: Assessment of the Learning Curve
Takayoshi Ishii,Hideki Murakami,Satoru Demura,Satoshi Kato,Katsuhito Yoshioka,Moriyuki Fujii,Takashi Igarashi,Hiroyuki Tsuchiya 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.3
Study Design: Case-control study. Purpose: To evaluate the surgical magnitude and learning curve of “second-generation” total en bloc spondylectomy (TES). Overview of Literature: In June 2010, we developed second-generation TES combined with tumor-induced cryoimmunology, which does not require autograft harvesting. Methods: TES was performed in 63 patients between June 2010 and September 2013. Three groups of patients were evaluated: 20 undergoing surgery in the first year of development of second-generation TES (group I), 20 in the second year (group II), and 23 in the third year (group III). Patient backgrounds showed no remarkable differences. Operating time, intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion, and postoperative C-reactive protein and creatine phosphokinase were compared among the groups. Results: Mean±standard deviation operating time was 486±130 minutes in group I, 441±85 minutes in group II, and 396±75 minutes in group III. The time was significantly shorter in group III than in group I (p <0.05). Intraoperative blood loss was 901±646 mL in group I, 433±177 mL in group II, and 411±167 mL in group III. Blood loss was significantly lower in groups II and III than in group I (p <0.01). Transfusion was not required in 20 of 23 patients in group III, and mean C-reactive protein levels on postoperative day 3 were significantly lower in this group than in group I (6.12 mg/L vs. 10.07 mg/L; p <0.05). Postoperative creatine phosphokinase levels did not differ among the groups. Conclusions: TES is associated with a significant learning curve. Thus, second-generation TES can no longer be considered highly invasive.
Intensified Multifactorial Intervention in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Takayoshi Sasako,Toshimasa Yamauchi,Kohjiro Ueki 대한당뇨병학회 2023 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.47 No.2
In the management of diabetes mellitus, one of the most important goals is to prevent its micro- and macrovascular complications, and to that end, multifactorial intervention is widely recommended. Intensified multifactorial intervention with pharmacotherapy for associated risk factors, alongside lifestyle modification, was first shown to be efficacious in patients with microalbuminuria (Steno-2 study), then in those with less advanced microvascular complications (the Anglo-Danish-Dutch Study of Intensive Treatment In People with Screen Detected Diabetes in Primary Care [ADDITION]-Europe and the Japan Diabetes Optimal Treatment study for 3 major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases [J-DOIT3]), and in those with advanced microvascular complications (the Nephropathy In Diabetes-Type 2 [NID-2] study and Diabetic Nephropathy Remission and Regression Team Trial in Japan [DNETT-Japan]). Thus far, multifactorial intervention led to a reduction in cardiovascular and renal events, albeit not necessarily significant. It should be noted that not only baseline characteristics but also the control status of the risk factors and event rates during intervention among the patients widely varied from one trial to the next. Further evidence is needed for the efficacy of multifactorial intervention in a longer duration and in younger or elderly patients. Moreover, now that new classes of antidiabetic drugs are available, it should be addressed whether strict and safe glycemic control, alongside control of other risk factors, could lead to further risk reductions in micro- and macrovascular complications, thereby decreasing all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Interleukin-34 cancels anti-tumor immunity by PARP inhibitor
Takayoshi Nakamura,Nabeel Kajihara,Naoki Hama,Takuto Kobayashi,Ryo Otsuka,Nanumi Han,Haruka Wada,Yoshinori Hasegawa,Nao Suzuki,Ken-ichiro Seino 대한부인종양학회 2023 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.34 No.3
Objective: Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1)-associated ovarian cancer patients have been treated with A poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, extending the progression-free survival; however, they finally acquire therapeutic resistance. Interleukin (IL)-34 has been reported as a poor prognostic factor in several cancers, including ovarian cancer, and it contributes to the therapeutic resistance of chemotherapies. IL-34 may affect the therapeutic effect of PARP inhibitor through the regulation of tumor microenvironment (TME). Methods: In this study, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set was used to evaluate the prognosis of IL-34 and human ovarian serous carcinoma. We also used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology in a mouse model to evaluate the efficacy of PARP inhibitor therapy in the presence or absence of IL-34. Results: We found that IL34 was an independent poor prognostic factor in ovarian serous carcinoma, and its high expression significantly shortens overall survival. Furthermore, in BRCA1-associated ovarian cancer, PARP inhibitor therapy contributes to anti-tumor immunity via the XCR1+ DC-CD8+ T cell axis, however, it is canceled by the presence of IL-34. Conclusion: These results suggest that tumor-derived IL-34 benefits tumors by creating an immunosuppressive TME and conferring PARP inhibitor therapeutic resistance. Thus, we showed the pathological effect of IL-34 and the need for it as a therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.