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Park, Chang Ook,Fu, Xiujun,Jiang, Xiaodong,Pan, Youdong,Teague, Jessica E.,Collins, Nicholas,Tian, Tian,O'Malley, John T.,Emerson, Ryan O.,Kim, Ji Hye,Jung, Yookyung,Watanabe, Rei,Fuhlbrigge, Robert C Elsevier 2018 The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology Vol.142 No.2
<P><B>Background</B></P> <P> <I>Candida albicans</I> is a dimorphic fungus to which human subjects are exposed early in life, and by adulthood, it is part of the mycobiome of skin and other tissues. Neonatal skin lacks resident memory T (T<SUB>RM</SUB>) cells, but in adults the <I>C albicans</I> skin test is a surrogate for immunocompetence. Young adult mice raised under specific pathogen-free conditions are naive to <I>C albicans</I> and have been shown recently to have an immune system resembling that of neonatal human subjects.</P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>We studied the evolution of the adaptive cutaneous immune response to <I>Candida</I> species.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We examined both human skin T cells and the <I>de novo</I> and memory immune responses in a mouse model of <I>C albicans</I> skin infection.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>In mice the initial IL-17–producing cells after <I>C albicans</I> infection were dermal γδ T cells, but by day 7, αβ T<SUB>H</SUB>17 effector T cells were predominant. By day 30, the majority of <I>C albicans</I>–reactive IL-17–producing T cells were CD4 T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells. Intravital microscopy showed that CD4 effector T cells were recruited to the site of primary infection and were highly motile 10 days after infection. Between 30 and 90 days after infection, these CD4 T cells became increasingly sessile, acquired expression of CD69 and CD103, and localized to the papillary dermis. These established T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells produced IL-17 on challenge, whereas motile migratory memory T cells did not. T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells rapidly clear an infectious challenge with <I>C albicans</I> more effectively than recirculating T cells, although both populations participate. We found that in normal human skin IL-17–producing CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells that responded to <I>C albicans</I> in an MHC class II–restricted fashion could be identified readily.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>These studies demonstrate that <I>C albicans</I> infection of skin preferentially generates CD4<SUP>+</SUP> IL-17–producing T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells, which mediate durable protective immunity.</P>
Kim, T.Y.,Choi, S.,Kim, H.K.,Jeung, I.S.,Koo, J.,Kwon, O.C. Butterworths [etc.] ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Fuel Vol.184 No.-
Fundamental combustion properties of gaseous methane (CH<SUB>4</SUB>)/oxygen (O<SUB>2</SUB>) coaxial jet flames in a single-element combustor are experimentally evaluated as a preliminary step for subsequent studies of injection at very low temperature or using liquid O<SUB>2</SUB> for CH<SUB>4</SUB>/O<SUB>2</SUB> bipropellants, recently appearing to be the oncoming liquid bipropellant. A combustion chamber with quartz windows, a single shear coaxial injector and an exhaust nozzle on the downstream of the chamber is considered for the present study. Focusing on the measurements of the ignition and combustion stability limits of the coaxial jet flames in the chamber, flame visualization is also conducted by OH<SUP>*</SUP> chemiluminescence, schlieren imaging and direct imaging. Results show the ignition limits restricted than the combustion stability limits. Flame behaviors are largely classified into two, the stably attached flame and the oscillating, liftoff (near-blowout) flame. Due to cooling effects on the wall of the chamber, stably liftoff flame is not observed. The stability of the flame is greatest at fuel-rich condition (based on the injected amounts of CH<SUB>4</SUB> and O<SUB>2</SUB>). From the flame visualization flame thickness is found to be smaller than the injector lip thickness and insensitive to injection conditions. The laminar-flow behavior near the injector exit due to the strong burning of pure O<SUB>2</SUB> is observed even for high Reynolds numbers (Re). The flame visualization also exhibits the recirculating O<SUB>2</SUB> that enhances burning in the combustor through the reaction with the outer fuel jet. The results of ignition limits, combustion stability limits and flame visualization can be used as a database for researches of modeling the gaseous CH<SUB>4</SUB>/O<SUB>2</SUB> jet flames in the combustion chamber.
200 GeV/핵자 유황이온과 핵건판핵의 충돌에 의해 생성된 헬륨 파쇄핵의 극한파쇄 연구
김동철,송진섭,윤천실,정성헌,박인곤,김종오,김철수,김태연,이승희,조재희,천병구,김재률,김준원,김태익,박명렬,장한일,임인택 慶尙大學校 기초과학연구소 1992 基礎科學硏究所報 Vol.8 No.-
고에너지 중이온 원자핵과 핵건판의 충돌에서, 200GeV/핵자 유황이온에 의해 생성된 파쇄 헬륨핵(Z=2)의 실험실계의 방출각 분포는 표적핵에 무관한 회귀공식. dN=exp[a+k exp(η-y_b)]d[exp(η-y_b)]로 잘 표현된다. 여기에서 의사신속도 η=-ln[tan(θ/2)]이고, y_b는 실험실계의 입사입자(^32S)의 신속도이다. 이 공식에 의한 적합에서 k=-0.057±0.008로 얻어진다. 즉, 핵건판과 고에너지 중이온의 충돌에서 파쇄 헬륨핵의 exp(η-y_b)의 분포는 "극한파쇄" 현상을 잘 설명하고 있다. The angular distribution of emission angle θ of helium (Z=2) produced in the collisions of incident particles of 200 GeV/nucleon ^32S in nuclear emulsion is well expressed by dN=exp[a+k exp(η-y_b)]d[exp(η-y_b)] where the pseudorapidity is η=-ln[tan(θ/2)], the laboratory system primary rapidity is y_b, and k=-0.057+0.008. The shape of this frequency of occurrence distributions in terms of exp(η-y_b) attests to the validity of the concept of "limiting fragmentation" for helium projectile fragments produced in the projectile fragmentation regions of heavy ion collisions in nuclear emulsion.
14.6 A GeV ^28Si 중이온이 원자핵건판내에서 발생시킨 핵반응에서 생성된 2차입자의 발생각 분포
김종오,김태연,남신우,신택수,우종관,이세병,임계엽,장세덕,조재희,천병구,임인택,김기영 慶尙大學校 기초과학연구소 1990 基礎科學硏究所報 Vol.6 No.-
14.6A GeV^28Si 중이온이 원자핵 건판내에서 발생시킨 N_h=1인 핵반응에서 생성된 47개의 파쇄 α 입자와 537개의 단일하전 2차입자의 발생각들을 측정하여 변수 exp(γ-η_b)의 포괄적 분포를 회귀함수 dN=exp[a+χ{exp(γ-η_b)d{exp(γ-η_b)}로 적합시켰다. 여기서 의사신속도 γ=arctanh(cosθ)=-ln tan(θ/2)이고, 입사 중이온의 신속도 η_b=3.445이다. 그 적합결과 파쇄 α입자의 경우 χ=-0.052±0.011이고, 파쇄 p입자의 경우 χ=-0.141±0.015이었다. For LS emission angles of 47 α fragments and 537 single-charged shower particles, produced by the N_h (the number of heavyprongs)=1 interactions of 14.6 A GeV^28Si nuclei in the nuclear emulsion, the distribution of the parameter exp(γ-η_b) is well expressed by dN=exp[a+χ{exp(γ-η_b)d{exp(γ-η_b)}with χ=-0.052±0.011 for αfragments and χ=-0.141±0.015 for p 'fragments', where the pseudorapidity of secondaries γ=arctanh(cosθ)=-ln tan(θ/2) and the rapidity of incident heavy ions, η_b=3.445.
Comparison of HVOF Thermal Spray Coatings of T800 and WC-Co Powders
T. Y. Cho,J. H. Yoon,K. S. Kim,N. K. Baek,K. O. Song,S. J. Youn,S. Y. Hwang,H. G. Chun 한국표면공학회 2006 한국표면공학회지 Vol.39 No.6
Hard chrome plating has been used in surface hard coating over 50 years both for applying hard coating and re-building of worn components. Hard chrome plating solution and mist pollute environment with very toxic Cr??(hex-Cr) known as carcinogen which causes lung cancer. High velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray coatings of WC base cermet and Co-alloy powders are the most promising candidates for the replacement of the traditional hard chrome plating. Surface properties, wear, and friction behaviors of micron size Co-alloy (T800) and micron size WC-12Co (WC-Co) have been studied for the application as hard coatings. The temperature dependence of wear and friction behaviors of T800 and WC-Co have been investigated at the temperature of 25℃ and 538℃ for the application to high speed spindle.
Recommended nuclear data for medical radioisotope production: diagnostic positron emitters
Tá,rká,nyi, F. T.,Ignatyuk, A. V.,Hermanne, A.,Capote, R.,Carlson, B. V.,Engle, J. W.,Kellett, M. A.,Kibé,di, T.,Kim, G. N.,Kondev, F. G.,Hussain, M.,Lebeda, O.,Luca, A.,Nagai, Y.,Na Springer-Verlag 2019 Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Vol.319 No.2
T.Y. Cho,J.H. Yoon,K.S. Kim,W. Fang,Y.K. Joo,K.O. Song,S.J. Youn,S.Y. Hwang,H.G. Chun 한국표면공학회 2007 한국표면공학회지 Vol.40 No.4
High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) thermal spray coating of nano size WC-Co powder (nWC-Co) has been studied as one of the most promising candidate for the possible replacement of the traditional hard plating in some area which causes environmental and health problems. nWC-Co powder was coated on Inconel 718 substrates by HVOF technique. The optimal coating process obtained from the best surface properties such as hardness and porosity is the process of oxygen flow rate (FR) 38 FMR, hydrogen FR 57 FMR and feed rate 35 g/min at spray distance 6 inch for both surface temperature 25℃ and 500℃. In coating process a small portion of hard WC decomposes to less hard W₂C, Wand C at the temperature higher than its decomposition temperature 1,250°C resulting in hardness decrease and porosity increase. Friction coefficient increases with increasing coating surface temperature from 0.55-0.64 at 25℃ to 0.65-0.76 at 500℃ due to the increase of adhesion between coating and counter sliding surface. Hardness of nWC-Co is higher or comparable to those of other hard coatings, such as A1₂O₃, Cr, Cr₂O₃ and HVOF Tribaloy 400 (T400). This shows that nWC-Co is recommendable for durability improvement coating on machine components such as high speed spindle.
Chopra, A,O-Sullivan, I,Carr, J,Kim, T S,Cohen, E P Nature Publishing Group 2007 Cancer gene therapy Vol.14 No.6
In a prior report (Int J Cancer 2006; 119: 339–348), we described a new vaccination strategy for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The vaccine was prepared by transfer of unfractionated DNA-fragments (25 kb) from KLN205 cells, a squamous carcinoma cell line (DBA/2 origin; H-2<SUP>d</SUP>) into LM cells, a highly immunogenic mouse fibroblast cell line (C3H/He origin; (H-2<SUP>k</SUP>)). As only a small proportion of the transfected cell population was expected to have incorporated DNA segments that included genes specifying antigens associated with the squamous carcinoma cells, we devised a novel strategy to enrich the vaccine for immunotherapeutic cells. Enhanced immunity to squamous carcinoma was induced in tumor-bearing mice treated solely by immunization with the enriched vaccine, which translated into prolonged survival without toxicity. Here, we describe the characteristics of the cell populations infiltrating established squamous carcinomas undergoing regression in mice immunized with vaccines enriched for immunotherapeutic cells. The results indicated that CD8+ T cells were predominant and that T-regulatory cells (FoxP3+, CD4/CD25+, CD4/CD62L<SUP>high</SUP>, CD4/CTLA-4e) were relatively deficient in the regressing tumors. Inflammatory infiltrates were not detected in various organs and tissues of mice immunized with the DNA-based vaccine.Cancer Gene Therapy (2007) 14, 573–582. doi:10.1038/sj.cgt.7701040; published online 23 March 2007
1.88A GeV ^56Fe 중이온에 의해 원자핵건판 내에서 회절들뜸 및 준회절들뜸 기구로 생긴 다중발생
김종오,김태연,천병구,박인곤,송진섭,윤천실,박상렬,이경언,김재률,김태익,박명렬,임인택,장한일,박복남 慶尙大學校 기초과학연구소 1990 基礎科學硏究所報 Vol.6 No.-
원자핵건판 내에서 1.88A GeV의 에너지를 갖는 ^56Fe 중이온(heavy ion)의 평균자유행로는 비적추적법(along-the-track scanning method)을 사용하여 8.01±0.27㎝로 측정되었다. ^56Fe 주이온에 의한 회절들뜸반응을 KHP 판정법으로 찾아내었으며, 회절들뜸반응에 대한 평균자유행로는 0.86±0.10m로 측정되었다. 입사중이온의 정지계 내에서 ^56Fe 중이온에 의한 80개의 회절들뜸 및 준회절들뜸반응에 대한 알파입자와 단일하전 입자의 의사신속도 분포는 각각 (γ_a-η_b)_max=3.31, (γ_a-η_b)_max=2.30에서 최대값을 갖는 가우스분포함수 형태를 이루었다. By employing the method of along-the -track scanning. the mean free path of inelastic collisions for 1.8A GeV^56Fe heavy ion in nuclear emulsion is measured to be 8.01±0.27㎝. "Diffractive Excitation" events are identified by using the KHP method and the mean free path of diffractive excitation is measured to be 0.86±0.10m. The distributions of pseudorapidities of alpha and singly-charged fragments for diffractive excitation of 1.88A GeV ^Fe heavy ion are well fitted by Gaussian distribution function with peaks having (γ_a-η_b)_max=3.30 and (γ_p-η_b)_max=2.24.