축산폐기물 처리를 위한 고부하 활성슬러지 공정에서의 유기물 특성 변화

강성환,임재명 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1999 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.-

This research was carried out to investigate the characterization of organic matter in Jet Loop Reactor for livestock wastes treatment and then suggest usable data for its design and operation. The characteristics of organic matters were divided into follows: i) readily biodegradable organics, S_(S) ii) slowly biodegradable organics, X_(S). iii) inert soluble organics, S_(I) and iv) inert suspended organics, X_(I). In this research, swine wastes were used as substrate after its settling and screening. Experimental results were summarized as follows. The fractions of readily biodegradable organics(S_(S)), slowly biodegradable organics(X_(S)). inert soluble organics(S_(Ii)) and inert suspended organics(X_(I)) were 41.9%, 44.3%, 4.4% and 9.4%, respectively. Consequently, biodegradable organics was about 86.2% and nonbiodegradable organics was about 13.8% in the swine wastes. Also, X_(S), S_(I) and X_(I) in effluent from Jet Loop Reactor were 48.8%, 24.8% and 26.4%, respectively. Especially, it could be found that S_(S) was removed perfectly during reaction in Jet Loop Reactor. The removal rate of total biodegradable organics was 84.5%, but nonbiodegradable organics was increased 1.1% in the effluent from Jet Loop Reactor.

Striatopallidodentate 석회화증과 의도 진전이 동반된 원발성 부갑상선 기능 저하증 1례

강성진,김민정,임학 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.2

We present a 65-year-old man with ataxic gait and both hands tremor. Laboratory findings were consistent with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, and brain magnetic resonance images showed extensive bilateral calcification of the basal ganglia, dentate nuclei of cerebellum. These results suggested that striopallidodentate calcification developed by hypoparathyroidism. Administration of calcium and calcitriol returned serum calcium and phosphorus level to normal, with considerable clinical benefit.

수정된 토양트렌치 공정을 이용한 소규모 오수처리

임재명,김병욱,강성환 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

This research aims to improve the previous trench process. The modified process is consist of 3 processes; first setting tank, 3-staged second contact-filter, and last trench system. The experiments was operated by varying the HRT 8, 6 and 4 hours in trench. The results of laboratory experiments showed removal rate of 97~98% of TKN 91~98% do T-P. From the results of this research, organic materials were removed in settling setting tank and nutrients in the trench stage. Therefore it is recommended to replace the previous 3-staged contact-filter to 1-staged one, and to increase contact-time in trench system.

UV/TiO₂공정의 최적 운전조건 결정

강성환,전은주,임재명 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1999 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.-

This research aims to analyze influencing factors and determine optimal operation conditions on UV/TiO₂process for piggery wastewater treatment. Relation between influencing factors and optimum operating conditions were determined by Response Surface Methodology, which was mathematical and statistical method for the modeling of process. The removal rates of TCOD and color increased with increasing temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, and pH, but decreased with increasing initial TCOD concentration. As the result of RSM, optimum operating conditions TCOD and color removal were temperature of 35~43 ℃. DO concentration of 503~6.3 ㎎/L, less than 110 ㎎/L of initial TCOD concentration, and more than 6.3 of pH. According to RSM modeling, effect of initial TCOD concentration for TCOD and color removal was greatest, and secondly, temperature and DO concentration were influential, and the effect of pH and interaction between influencing factors were negligible. As the result of the comparisons of experimental data with modeling data of RSM, the relationship was very high. 본 연구의 목적은 UV/TiO₂공정에서 돈사폐수의 TCOD와 색도 제거를 위한 영향인자 해석과 최적 운전조건을 반응표면분석이라는 통계적 기법을 통해 도출하는 것이다. 반응표면 분석결과 TCOD와 색도의 제거율은 온도, 용존산소 농도, 그리고 pH가 증가할수록 높아졌으며, 유입 TCOD 농도가 증가할수록 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. TCOD와 색도 제거율에 미치는 영향은 유입 TCOD 농도가 가장 크고, 그 다음은 온도, 용존산소 농도의 순으로 나타났으며, pH 및 영향인자 상호작용에 의한 영향은 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 TCOD와 색도 제거를 위한 최적 운전조건은 온도 35~43 ℃, 요온산소 농도 5.3~6.3 ㎎/L, 유입 TCOD 농도 110 ㎎/L 이하, 그리고 pH 6.3 이상으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 방응표면분석에 의한 2차 회귀모형을 검증한 결과 모형의 유의성이 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다.

인체기생 열두조충류의 형태비교 및 진단적 소견

임신영,강성구,양용상,백승한,류장근 THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 1998 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.4 No.1

최근 우리 나라는 열두조충과 (Diphyllobothridae)에 속하는 조충류의 인체 감염예가 빈번하게 보고되고 있다. 이는 본 조충류의 감염매체인 어류를 날 것으로 생식할 기회가 많으며, 또한 본 조충류의 제1중간숙주인 물벼룩이 음료수를 통한 인체 감염이 원인일 것으로 추정되고 있다. 조충류의 진단은 충체에 있어 두적과 편절의 형태학적 특징을 감별하여 種의 분류와 진단을 하는 것이 기본적 순서가 될 것이나, 1차적으로 가능한 진단은 환자의 증상 참작과 분변으로부터 충란을 발견 감별하게 된다. 특히 광절열두조충류의 충란에 의한 種鑑別은 환자로부터 편절이나 충체의 확실한 감별을 위한 사전 정보를 가늠하는 뜻에서도 중요성이 있다. 이에 저자들은 환자의 치료와 함께 수집된 Diphyllobothrium latum, D. latum parvum 그리고 Spirometra erinacei의 편절과 충란을 재료로 형태 및 진단적 결과를 분석한 바 그 성적은 다음과 같다. 1. 환자의 분변에서 수집된 충란 50개씩을 각각 선택하여 형태와 크기에 대한 계측을 실시하였다. D. latum의 충란은 난개가 있고 난원형 또는 타원형의 모양으로 관찰되었으며 D. latum parvum은 D. latum에 비하여 더 난원형이면서 작게 관찰되었다. S. erinacei의 충란은 폭이 비대칭적이며 길쭉한 모양으로 관찰되었다. 2. D. latum, D. latum parvum 그리고 S. erinacei의 충란의 크기에서 충란의 평균 길이와 폭은 각각 61.4X41.7㎛, 55.9X41.4㎛ 그리고 66.7X36.4㎛이었다. 3. 각 조충의 편절을 고정한 다음, 첫째 포매하고 microtome으로 절편을 만들어 hematoxylin-eosin 염색을 실시하였고, 둘째 고정과 함께 semicon's aceto-carmine 염색표본을 작성하여 현미경 관찰을 한 결과 D. latum과 D. latum parvum은 생식선이 편절의 중앙선상에 위치하고 개구된 자궁구가 관찰되었다. 그리고 편절의 양측에 난황이 follicle로 관찰되었으며 전형적인 rosette모양을 형성하고 있었다. 그러나 D. latum parvum은 D. latum에 비하여 아주 작은 크기로 관찰되었다. S. erinacei의 편절은 자궁이 나선형으로 5∼7회 이상으로 말려서 관찰되었고 음경낭안에서 저정낭이 이어져 연결되고 있었다. 이로써 본 연구에서는 편절의 형태특징과 함께 충란 크기에 대한 계측과 분석을 하고자 하였으며, 공학현미경에 의한 계측치로 세 종류의 조충 감별에 유의한 참고치를 제기하는 바이다. Recently there have been frequent reports on human infection caused by the Diphyllobothridae in Korea. The adequate opportunities for Koreans to eat raw fish, the primary infection medium of cestodes and the human infection through drinking water by cyclops, the first intermediate host are believed to be main reasons for the infection. The first task of this study was to classify and diagnose the species by differentiating morphological characteristic between scolex and proglottids of cestodes. However, the initially available diagnosis was done with the patient's symptoms and the eggs obtained from his stool. It is important to differentiate the species by the eggs of Diphyllobothrium latum especially in that it can help get advance information for a more reliable analysis in the near future. The morphological and diagnostic results from proglottids and eggs of Diphyllobothrium latum, Diphyllobothrium latum parvum and Spirometra erinacei are as follows; In each kind of cestodes from the patient's stool, the shape and size of 50 eggs were measured. Eggs of Diphyllobothrium latum had an operculum and were ovoidal or ellipsoid to elliptical in shape. Eggs of Diphyllobothrium latum parvum were more ovoidal in shape and smaller in size than Diphyllobothrium latum. And eggs of Spirometra erinacei were asymmetrical in width and long and slender in shape. The average lengths and widths of Diphyllobothrium latum, Diphyllobothrium latum parvum and Spirometra erinacei were 61.4X41.7㎛, 55.9X41.4㎛ and 66.7X36.4㎛, respectively. After the segments of each cestode were fixed, embedding and hematoxylin-eosin dyeing on a microtome-made specimen were done. The micrographs of the semicon's aceto-carmine dyed specimen showed that Diphyllobothrium latum and Diphyllobothrium latum parvum had a centrally-located genital gland and an opened uterine pore. The yolks were observed on both sides of proglottids and had a typical rosette pattern. Yet, Diphyllobothrium latum parvum was shown smaller than Diphyllobothrium latum in the micrograph. Proglottids of Spirometra erinacei displayed that the uterus was rolled spirally more than five to seven times, and connected successively to the seminal vesicle in the cirrus sac. Shown above, this study was performed to measure the size of eggs and analyze the morphological characteristics of proglottids and provided the measurements of three types of cestodes obtained by a light microscope.

생식주기 동안 흰쥐 자궁에서 발현되는 c-myc 관련 RCL 유전자의 기능

김도림,강성구 인제대학교 2004 仁濟論叢 Vol.19 No.1

자궁은 착상 임신 유지 및 분만을 위해 증식과 분비의 주기적인 시기를 겪는다. 배아가 착상하지 못한다면 자궁내막 조직은 퇴화되지만 배아 착상 시에는 자궁내막조직은 유지가 되며 임신 유지와 분만을 위한 과정이 진행된다. 이러한 자궁의 변화는 직접적으로 난소호르몬인 프로게스테론 (progesterone)과 에스트로겐(estrogen)의 영향을 받으며 간접적으로는 다양한 성장인자(growth factor), 사이토킨(cytokines)의 영향을 받는다. 발정주기에는 세포의 분화와 증식에 관련된 많은 유전자들이 발현된다. 본 연구는 생리 주기에서 발현되는 유전자를 분석하기 위하여 cDNA microarray를 통하여 실험하였다. 실험동물을 발정전기(proestrus), 발정기(estrus), 발정후기 (metestrus), 발정말기(diestrus)로 분류하였다. 자궁 적출 후 total RNA를 추출하였다. 추출한 RNA로부터 32P로 표지된 cDNA probe를 합성하였고 Atlas Rat Toxicology 1.2 Array (Clontech)에 hybridization을 하였다. 선별된 유전자로는 growth-related c-rnyc responsive protein RCL, heat shock 47-kDa protein (HSP47), cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide VIc2 (COX6C2), calreticulin (CALR)등이 있다. RCL 유전자는 RT-PCR을 이용하여 검증하였다. RCL 유전자 발현은 발정전기에 가장 높았으며 생식주기가 진행됨에 따라 감소 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 RCL유전자는 생식주기의 조절과 임신, 불임에 관한 중요한 정보를 제공할 것이며 이러한 유전자의 기작과 기능에 대한 연구가 더 필요하다. The uterus undergoes dynamic changes during the cycle and displays many features typical of developmental process. In order to be prepared for implantation, endometrium undergoes predictable, sequential phases of proliferlation and secretory changes. In the absence of an embryo the uterus will progress through a predictable series of stages ultimately terminating in tissue regression and apotosis. In the presence of an embryo, the endometrium not only is maintained, but also progress through an additional program of events. The uterus during estrus cycle synthesize a complex of signaling molecules with specific spatial and temporal modes of expression and which are critical for cell proliferlation and differentiation. The purpose of this investigation was to use cDNA microarrays to evaluate the expression of genes in rat uterus during estrus cycle. Animals were sacrificed on pro-estrus, estrus, metestrus, diestrus. Total RNA was isolated from the uterus. 32P-labelled cDNA was generated from total RNA and hybridizied with the Atlas Rat Toxicology 1.2 Array.(Clontech). Differential gene expression profiles were revealed growth-related c-myc responsive protein RCL, heat shock 47-kDa protein, cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide VIc2 and calreticulin. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to validate the relative expression pattern of RCL gene. Using this approach we found that RCL gene expression in rat uterus was altered with estrus cycle. The identification of differentially expressed genes may provide important information in the regulation of estrus cycle, pregnancy and infertility. Our long-term goal is to determine the role of these differnetially expressed genes during estrus cycle

영도구의 생식보건사업 성과분석 : 남자중학생을 대상으로 한 성교육 효과 분석을 중심으로 the Effects of Sex Education on Middle School Students

남은우,강혜숙,박성빈,최재임,민체류 고신대학교 영도발전연구소 2001 영도연구 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this study was to reduce the sexual problems of middle school students in Youngco-Gu, Busan. The survey was conducted by content analysis which was related with reproductive healty services such as budget, manpower, etc. This study was also conducted with sex education as the object and to measure the effects of sex education. Questionnaires from 203 students(7th-9th graders) in a male middle school were surveyed on Sept. 12-14, 2001. The statistical analysis used were t-test, paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and χ^2 test by using SPSS/PC+ WIN 8.0 program. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, 66.2% of the students among the subjects had a religion, and of those 50% were buddhists, 34.4% christians, 9.5% catholic. Religion of sexual related matters showed no significant effect. Of these students 68.1% showed medium interest in sexual related matters, 18% little interest or none and 13.5% high interest. 8th graders seemed to show more interest in sexual related matters than other grades. 41.8% of Students seemed to get information on sexual matters from friends and 27.1% from the internet. 30.9% of the respondents talked about their boy/girl friends with their parents compared to 43.3% who chose to talk to their friends about their sexual related problems. Second, 56.7% logged into lascivious-sites on the internet. Of those who logged onto lascivious-sites 46.1% logged in once or twice a month, 31.9% once or twice a week, and 2.7% logged in daily, 69.2% Felt curiosity, 23.4% felt indecent and 7.5% felt like engaging in a sexual act after visiting one of these sites. Third, the effects of sex education on experimental groups of 7th graders showed a 2.1 point increase(p<0.1), 4 point increase for 8th graders(p<.001), and 9th graders increased by 3.3 points(p<.001). Therefore this showed that it was advantageous for students to have sex education. Fourth, the effects of sex education on the students attitude showed only a little more improvement than before in the controlled groups whereas the experimental groups showed a large increase in good attitude in a good direction. Therefore, the experimental groups showed better results in sexual attitude compared to the controlled groups(p<.01).

한강수계의 주요 오염원별 부하량 비교분석

구본수,강성환,임재명 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1998 産業技術硏究 Vol.18 No.-

The purposes of this research were constructed the database, based on graphing the present water pollution in Han-river due to livestock wastewater(LSW). The LSW was below 1% in respect to quantity but about 7% in respect to pollutions loading in overall Han-river. The ratio of untreated LSW is 18% to 28%, which was higher compared to the municipal and industrial wastewater. In other words, LSW was about 0.05 times of municipal wastewater in respects to quantity but 2 times in respect to the ratio of untreated wastewater. So, it was necessary for treating LSW. The pollutions loading due to livestock wastewater of the South Han-river. North Han-river and main stream were 19.7%, 19.4% and 4.0%, respectively. This was about 7% in overall Han-river. We separated the Han-river into upper, mid and down stream. As a result, we found that the livestock wastewater is the main water pollution source of upper Han-river.

석탄폐석 및 광재의 유해물질 침출특성 연구

우영국,강성환,임재명,한동준,김병욱 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1996 석재연 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

광산에서 배출되는 광재폐기물은 산과 계곡에 투기 또는 매립되어 강우등에 의하여 주변 소하천을 오염시키고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 광재의 물리적특성과 이화학적 특성을 조사하고 회분식과 칼럼식실험을 수행하여 오염물질의 침출특성을 고찰하고자 하였다. 실험결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 1) 광재는 점토질 및 실트질의 크기를 지니고 있으나 점착력과 소성적 성질이 없는 사질토의 특성을 지니고 있다. 2) 광재의 투수계수는 대부분 10(???)³-10(???)cm/sec의 범위이며, 일반 사질토의 투수계수보다 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 3) 회분식과 칼럼식 용출시험의 결과, 대상 광산의 광재폐기물 일부에서 기준치 이상의 중금속농도가 침출되었으며, 이에대한 방지대책의 심각성을 알 수 있었다. 4) 광재 폐기물의 칼럼식 용출시험 결과 kg폐기물 당 인공강우 투여량 비가 증가할수록 침출수의 중금속 및 유해물질 농도는 크게 감소되어 어느정도 진행된 이후부터는 대부분 일정한 농도가 유지되나, 산성강우시 침출정도 및 침출시간은 지속되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 5) 광재는 많은 중금속과 유해물질을 함유하고 있으나 양적인면에서 자원화의 가치가 높을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 광재내의 자원회수, 건설 재료등의 재활용및 자원화 연구가 필요하다. Tailing wastes producedat metal mines have been disposed of by dumping or landfiling in depression. Mine drainage developed at pile of the tailing wastes has high concentrations of various kinds of heavy metals and harzardous materials, and these contaminants are leached out from the tailing wastes by water infiltration or when they collapse. In this study, both batch test and column test were performed in order to investigate the physical and leaching characteristics of tailing wastes. The batch test results were compared with those by EPT and DLT, and column test was carried out at acidic and neutral pH ranges. The results showed that high concentrations of heavy metals and sulfate were contained in the leachate of the some tailing wastes. In column test, levels of heavy metals in the leachate produced during the initial rainfall period were found higher.

고농도 암모니아성 폐수의 질산화과정에서 아질산염 축적의 영향인자

한동중,강성환,임재명 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

This study was focused to find how each factors effect on the biological nitrification in wastewater treatment under high ammonia nitrogen concentration. Batch reactors in aerobic conditions were used to test the treatment efficiency of mixed liquor, nightsoil and piggery wastewater. The results are summeried as follows ; Initial ammonia nitrogen concentration and pH were the direct influencing factors of nitrite build-up. More than 250mg NH_(4)^(+)-N/L in initial concentration built up nitrite and then the inhibition rate to Nitrobacter was above 70 percentage. And maximum nitritation rate was showed at pH 8.3 and nitrification could be completely achieved by pH control. Temperature and dissolved oxygen were the indirect influencing factors of nitrite build-up. These were a great effect on the activity of nitrifying microbes and ammonia nitrogen removal. Maximum nitritation late was showed at 30℃. The effect of DO concentration was negligible at more than 3 mg/L.