Correlation Between the CYP2C19 Phenotype Status and the Results of Three Different Platelet Function Tests in Cardiovascular Disease Patients Receiving Antiplatelet Therapy: An Emphasis on Newly Introduced Platelet Function Analyzer-200 P2Y Test

Shuhua Li,최재임,Long Zhe Guo,Ri-Young Goh,김보람,우광숙,김무현,한진영 대한진단검사의학회 2016 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.36 No.1

Background: An association has been reported between CYP2C19 polymorphism and the altered antiplatelet activity of clopidogrel. We investigated this association using the newly introduced platelet function analyzer (PFA)-200 (INNOVANCE PFA-200 System; Siemens Healthcare, Germany) P2Y test. Methods: Polymorphisms of CYP2C19*2, *3, *17 and the degree of inhibition of platelet function were determined in 83 patients. Three different platelet function tests were used to evaluate the degree of platelet inhibition and to check the association with genotype. Results: The post-procedure PFA-200 values of extensive metabolizers (EM) patients (285.3±38.8) were higher than those of intermediate metabolizers (IM) and poor metabolizers (PM) patients (227.7±98.3 and 133.7±99.2, respectively; P=0.024). Light transmittance aggregometry (LTA) and the VerifyNow system showed that the post-procedure values for EM patients were lower than those of IM and PM patients (LTA: 24.4±15.7, 34.1±17.6, and 42.2±16.9, respectively, P<0.001; VerifyNow: 133.2±60.5, 171.5±42.6, and 218.7±59.3, respectively, P<0.001). The high residual platelet reactivity (HPR) rates were significantly different among the EM, IM, and PM groups using PFA-200 (PM:IM:EM=82.4:40.6:11.8, P<0.001). Conclusions: Approximately, 59.0% of Korean patients with cardiovascular disease receiving clopidogrel had CYP2C19 loss-of-function genotypes classified as IM or PM, and the frequency was similar to the data from Asian people. The PFA-200, LTA, and VerifyNow platelet function tests revealed evidence of a significant association between the efficacy of clopidogrel and CYP2C19 genotypes.

A retrospective analysis of cytogenetic alterations in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a single center study in Korea

Shuhua Li,임현호,우광숙,김성현,한진영 대한혈액학회 2016 Blood Research Vol.51 No.2

BackgroundThe accurate identification of cytogenetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma (MM) has become more important over recent years for the development of new diagnostic and prognostic markers. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the cytogenetic aberrations in MM cases as an initial assessment in a single institute.MethodsWe reviewed the cytogenetic results from 222 patients who were newly diagnosed with MM between January 2000 and December 2015. Chromosomal analysis was performed on cultured bone marrow samples by standard G-banding technique. At least 20 meta-phase cells were analyzed for karyotyping.ResultsClonal chromosome abnormalities were detected in 45.0% (100/222) of the patients. Among these results, 80 cases (80.0%) had both numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities. Overall hyperdiploidy with structural cytogenetic aberrations was the most common finding (44.0%), followed by hypodiploidy with structural aberrations (28.0%). Amplification of the long arm of chromosome 1 and -13/del(13q) were the most frequent recurrent abnormalities, and were detected in 50 patients (50.0%) and 40 pa-tients (40.0%) with clonal abnormalities, respectively. The most common abnormality involving 14q32 was t(11;14)(q13;q32), which was observed in 19 cases.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that myeloma cells exhibit complex aberrations regardless of ploidy, even from a single center in Korea. Conventional cytogenetic analysis should be included in the initial diagnostic work-up for patients suspected of having MM.

A Simple Carbazole-based Schiff Base as Fluorescence “off-on” Probe for Highly Selective Recognition of Cu2+ in Aqueous Solution

Li-Jun Tang,Di Wu,Shuhua Hou,Xin Wen,Xin Dai 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.8

A carbazole-based Schiff base CB2 was synthesized and applied as a highly selective and sensitive fluorescent probe for Cu2+ in H2O-DMSO (8/2, v/v, pH = 7.4) solution. CB2 exhibits an excellent selectivity to Cu2+ over other examined metal ions with a prominent fluorescence “turn-on” at 475 nm. CB2 and Cu2+ forms a 1:2 binding ratio complex with detection limit of 9.5 μM. In addition, the Cu2+ recognition process is hardly interfered by other examined metal ions.

Preliminary numerical study of single bubble dynamics in swirl flow using volume of fluid method

Li, Zhongchun,Qiu, Zhifang,Du, Sijia,Ding, Shuhua,Bao, Hui,Song, Xiaoming,Deng, Jian Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.4

Spacer grid with mixing vane had been widely used in nuclear reactor core. One of the main feather of spacer grid with mixing vane was that strong swirl flow was formed after the spacer grid. The swirl flow not only changed the bubble generation in the near wall field, but also affected the bubble behaviors in the center region of the subchannel. The interaction between bubble and the swirl flow was one of the basic phenomena for the two phase flow modeling in fuel assembly. To obatin better understanding on the bubble behaviors in swirl flow, full three dimension numerical simulations were conducted in the present paper. The swirl flow was assumed in the cylindral calculation domain. The bubble interface was captured by Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method. The properties of saturated water and steam at different pressure were applied in the simulation. The bubble trajectory, motion, shape and force were obtained based on the bubble parameters captured by VOF. The simulation cases in the present study included single bubble with different size, at different angular velocity conditions and at different pressure conditions. The results indicated that bubble migrated to the center in swirl flow with spiral motion type. The lateral migration was mainly related to shear stress magnitude and bubble size. The bubble moved toward the center with high velocity when the swirl magnitude was high. The largest bubble had the highest lateral migration velocity in the present study range. The effect of pressure was small when bubble size was the same. The prelimenery simulation result would be beneficial for better understanding complex two phase flow phenomena in fuel assembly with spacer grid.

Platelet Function Analyzer-200 P2Y Results Are Predictive of the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Korean Patients Receiving Clopidogrel Therapy Following Acute Coronary Syndrome

임현호,Shuhua Li,안규대,우광숙,김경희,김정만,김무현,한진영 대한진단검사의학회 2018 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.38 No.5

Background: Clopidogrel is one of the most commonly used anti-platelet agents in cardiovascular diseases. We analyzed the relationship between the platelet function analyzer (PFA)-200 P2Y (INNOVANCE PFA-200 System, Siemens Healthcare, Germany) results and occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in Korean patients with recent-onset acute coronary syndrome (ACS) taking clopidogrel. Methods: Between August 2013 and June 2016, we prospectively enrolled 106 patients with recent-onset ACS who had been treated with clopidogrel. We obtained blood samples and measured closure time (CT) using the PFA-200 P2Y test. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of a CT cut-off value of 106 seconds. We compared patient characteristics and various MACEs that occurred during the follow-up period. Results: The CTs for 78 patients exceeded the cut-off value. At the time of these analyses, 11 patients had been diagnosed with MACEs. In the time-to-event analysis, there was a difference between the two groups (P<0.001). After adjusting other variables associated with MACE occurrence, CT value was the strongest predictor of MACEs, with a 7.30-fold occurrence risk (P=0.002). Conclusions: We found a strong relationship between CT and MACE risk in Korean patients with recent-onset ACS taking clopidogrel. Accordingly, PFA-200 P2Y results could be used as a predictive marker for MACE risk in such patients.

Oncogenic super-enhancer formation in tumorigenesis and its molecular mechanisms

Qunying Jia,Shuhua Chen,Yuan Tan,Yuejin Li,Faqing Tang 생화학분자생물학회 2020 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.52 No.-

Super-enhancers (SEs) consist of a cluster of many enhancers bound to a great number of transcription factors. They are critical cis-regulatory elements that determine the identity of various human cell types. During tumorigenesis, DNA mutations and indels, chromosomal rearrangements, three-dimensional chromatin structural changes, and viral infections mediate oncogenic SE activation, and activated SEs have been found to regulate the expression of oncogenic genes. Inhibition specifically targeted to oncogenic SE assembly and activation provides a novel powerful therapeutic strategy for various cancers. In this paper, we first introduce the current understanding of oncogenic SE assembly and activation and then summarize the pathogenic factors and mechanism of oncogenic SE activation. Next, we elaborate on the oncogenic functions of SEs in cancers and the application of SEs as therapeutic targets. Finally, we turn our focus to the use of SEs in basic research and clinical trials.

Understanding of Teaching Strategies on Quadratic Functions in Chinese Mathematics Classrooms

Huang Xingfeng,Li Shiqi,An Shuhua 한국수학교육학회 2012 수학교육연구 Vol.16 No.3

What strategies are used to help students understand quadratic functions in mathematics classroom? In specific, how does Chinese teacher highlight a connection between algebraic representation and graphic representation? From October to November 2009, an experienced teacher classroom was observed. It was found that when students started learning a new type of quadratic function in lessons, the teacher used two different teaching strategies for their learning: (1) Eliciting students to plot the graphs of quadratic functions with pointwise approaches, and then construct the function image in their minds with global approaches; and (2) presenting a specific mathematical problem, or introducing conception to elicit students to conjecture, and then encouraging them to verify it with appoint approaches.

Malnutrition worsens fluorosis-induced damage in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis of rats

Yongmei Liu,Ling Li,Jingfeng Xu,Siwen Yu,Shijun Wang,Maojuan Yu,Wenbing Zou,Mingliang Cheng,Shuhua Xia 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2019 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.15 No.2

Backgrounds: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of malnutrition on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (HPOA) sex hormones in female rats with coal burning-type fluorosis. Methods: Female rats were divided into four groups: control, malnutrition, fluorosis, and fluorosis with malnutrition. Rats in the control and malnutrition groups were fed pollution-free corn with either regular or low protein content. Rats in the fluorosis and fluorosis with malnutrition groups were fed corn roasted with coals from the fluorosis endemic areas of Zhijin, China,with either regular or low protein content. Results: Results revealed that the body weight of rats with protein malnutrition was significantly reduced compared with that of the control and fluorosis rats. Urinary fluoride was significantly decreased and bone fluoride was significantly increased in the fluorosis with malnutrition group compared to the fluorosis group. Moreover, protein malnutrition significantly enhanced the effect of fluoride on gonadotropin-releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone. Histological and ultrastructural analyses revealed that protein malnutrition intensified fluoride-induced ovary damage. Conclusion: Malnourishment could promote the abnormal secretion of HPOA sex hormones in females with fluorosis.

Classification and Identification of Bacteria in the Soil Treated by AcMNPV Using High-throughput Sequencing Technique

Yuejun Fu,Xing Li,Shuhua Zheng,Jun Du,Aihua Liang 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.5

Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) have been applied in the pesticide prevention as new bioinsecticides. Many studies have been carried out to assess the effects of insecticide on microorganism communities in different environments. However, little is known about whether the pesticides affect the microbial community in soil. Therefore, we performed high-throughput sequencing of V3–V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA genes from the bacteria in soil treated with AcMNPV and compared the difference of microbiota in these soil samples. In the study, a total of 80,301 validated reads were obtained, and the bacteria found belonged to 31 phyla and 748 genera. Statistical analysis showed that AcMNPV contributed the growth of Fusobacteria, Tenericutes, Cyanobacteria/Chloroplast, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes. AcMNPV inhibited the growth of Fibrobacteres, Crenarchaeota, Firmicutes, DeinococcusThermus, TM7, Chlorobi, Synergistetes, BRC1, Chlamydiae, Euryarchaeota, Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidetes, Elusimicrobia, Nitrospira, Armatimonadetes, Proteobacteria, WS3, OD1, Chloroflexi, Spirochaetes. AcMNPV had no effect on SR1, OP11, Thermodesulfobacteria, Aquificae. Alpha Diversity analysis showed that the diversity of bacterial community for the soil treated with AcMNPV was lower than that of the soil before treatment or the control group. Meanwhile, the similarity of soil samples from AcMNPV treated group compared with samples from either untreated or prior treatment group was low as shown by Beta Diversity analysis. These findings provide previously unknown information about the impact of AcMNPV on the soil bacterial community structure and also lay a foundation for further investigations of AcMNPV how influences the development and progression of bioinsecticides.

Platelet Function Tests: A Review of Progresses in Clinical Application

Choi, Jae-Lim,Li, Shuhua,Han, Jin-Yeong Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 BioMed research international Vol.2014 No.-

<P>The major goal of traditional platelet function tests has been to screen and diagnose patients who present with bleeding problems. However, as the central role of platelets implicated in the etiology of arterial thrombotic diseases such as myocardial infarction and stroke became widely known, platelet function tests are now being promoted to monitor the efficacy of antiplatelet drugs and also to potentially identify patients at increased risk of thrombosis. Beyond hemostasis and thrombosis, an increasing number of studies indicate that platelets play an integral role in intercellular communication, are mediators of inflammation, and have immunomodulatory activity. As new potential biomarkers and technologies arrive at the horizon, platelet functions testing appears to take on a new aspect. This review article discusses currently available clinical application of platelet function tests, placing emphasis on essential characteristics.</P>