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Why Does Timor-Leste Remain Fragile? A Resource Dependence Explanation
( Takeshi Daimon-sato ) 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2021 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.9 No.1
This article focuses on the concept of “fragility,” which gained prominence in literature on conflict-driven countries and serves as an analytical tool for policy analysis. Using this concept, this article provides a review of Timor-Leste since its independence in 2002. The country has achieved high economic growth, though the economy has remained fragile in terms of its high dependence on external factors, namely oil revenues. This study suggests that foreign aid and investments do not automatically improve fragility in resource-dependent economies unless they help diversify the monoculture economy, based upon democratic consensus-building among stakeholders.
Kodai Sato,Hirokazu Madokoro,Takeshi Nagayoshi,Shun Chiyonobu,Paolo Martizzi,Stephanie Nix,Hanwool Woo,Takashi K. Saito,Kazuhito Sato 제어로봇시스템학회 2021 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.10
This study was conducted to classify outcrop images using semantic segmentation methods based on deep learning algorithms. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an epoch-making approach to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This study specifically examines outcrops because geological layer measurements can lead to production of a highly accurate geological model for feasible CCS inspections. Using a digital monocular RGB camera, we obtained 13 outcrop images annotated with four classes along with strata. Subsequently, we compared segmentation accuracies with changing input image sizes of three types and semantic segmentation methods of four backbones: SegNet, U-Net, ResNet-18, and Xception-65. The ResNet-18 and Xception-65 backbones were implemented using DeepLabv3+. Experimentally obtained results demonstrated that data expansion with random sampling improved the accuracy. Regarding evaluation metrics, global accuracy and local accuracy are higher than the mean intersection over union (mIoU) for our outcrop image dataset with unequal numbers of pixels in the respective classes. These experimentally obtained results revealed that resizing for input images is unnecessary for our method.
Takeshi Sainoh,Kazuhide Inage,Sumihisa Orita,Masao Koda,Takeo Furuya,Kazuyo Yamauchi,Miyako Suzuki,Yoshihiro Sakuma,Go Kubota,Yasuhiro Oikawa,Jun Sato,Kazuki Fujimoto,Yasuhiro Shiga,Koki Abe,Hirohito 대한척추외과학회 2017 Asian Spine Journal Vol.11 No.3
Study Design: Observational study. Purpose: To assess the correlation among inflammatory cytokine expression levels, degree of intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration, and predominant clinical symptoms observed in degenerative disk disease (DDD). Overview of Literature: Low back pain (LBP) is associated with inflammatory cytokine expression levels, including those of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and nerve growth factor (NGF). However, the association between cytokine expression levels and the physiological mechanisms of disk degeneration and clinical pain remain controversial. Methods: Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, TNF-α, IL-6, and NGF expression levels were analyzed in 58 IVD samples that were harvested from patients with lumbar DDD. Patient samples were grouped according to the degree of IVD degeneration using the Pfirrmann grading system and magnetic resonance imaging, and the correlations between the disease groups and each cytokine expression level were assessed. In addition, on the basis of their predominant preoperative symptoms, the patients were assigned to either an LBP or leg pain group to determine the correlation among these disease manifestations and individual cytokine expression levels. Results: A gradual increase in TNF-α (R=0.391) and IL-6 (R=0.388) expression levels correlated with the degree of IVD degeneration, whereas NGF (R=0.164) expression levels exhibited a minimal decrease with disease progression. Regarding the predominant clinical manifestation, only the LBP group exhibited a significant increase in TNF-α expression levels (p =0.002). Conclusions: These results suggested that TNF-α and IL-6 play an important role in the pathophysiology of IVD degeneration at any stage, whereas NGF plays an important role during the early disease stages. Moreover, because TNF-α expression levels were significantly high in the LBP group, we propose that they are involved in LBP onset or progression.
Novel Pathogenetic Mechanism in a Clinical Isolate of Yersinia enterocolitica KU14
Sato Yoshinori,Kaneko Kenichi,Sasahara Takeshi,Inoue Matsuhisa The Microbiological Society of Korea 2006 The journal of microbiology Vol.44 No.1
Yersinia enterocolitica induces a broad range of gastrointestinal syndromes, including acute enteritis. We previously reported that the clinical isolate, Y. enterocolitica KU14, which lacks pYV, was still capable of causing clinical infection. The present study demonstrated that KU14 did not trigger the death of macrophages in vitro, unlike WA-314 (ATCC51871, which harbors the pYV virulence plasmid). However, the intracellular growth of KU14 in the macrophages was greater than that of WA-C (ATCC51872, a non-plasmid harboring the derivative pYV plasmid). Treatment with a cholesterol-binding drug $(\beta-cyclodextrin)$ that affected lipid rafts resulted in a dramatic reduction in the inracellular growth of KU14. These data clearly indicate that the enhanced inracellular growth of KU14 is related to lipid raft-mediated infection.
Synthesis and Electrical Properties of Barium Uranium Sulfides
Sato, Nobuaki,Nakajima, Takeshi,Yamada, Kohta,Fujino, Takeo The Korean Ceramic Society 1999 The Korean journal of ceramics Vol.5 No.4
Barium uranium sulfides, $BaUS_3$ and $BaU_2B_5$, were synthesized in a single phase by the reactin of $(Ba, UO_2)(NO_3)_2$ at Ba/U=1 and 0.5 with carbon disulfide at 1273 K for 6 h. They crystallized in orthorhombic structure with space group, Pnma. The lattice parameters a, b and c are 7.493, 10.38 and 7.238$\AA$ for $BaUS_3$ and 7.525, 8.475 and 11.858$\AA$ for $BaU_2S_5$, respectively. The electrical conductivity of these compunds increased with increasing temperature above 200K, below which however, it was nearly temperature independent. The Hall coefficient suggested that they are n-type semiconductors.
Sato, Masayuki,Wakamatsu, Hiroki,Arai, Masayuki,Ichino, Kenichi,Iwasaki, Kazuhiko,Asakawa, Takeshi Korea Information Processing Society 2008 Journal of information processing systems Vol.4 No.4
VLSI chips have been tested using various automatic test equipment (ATE). Although each ATE has a similar structure, the language for ATE is proprietary and it is not easy to convert a test program for use among different ATE vendors. To address this difficulty we propose a tester structure expression language, a tester language with a novel format. The developed language is called the general tester language (GTL). Developing an interpreter for each tester, the GTL program can be directly applied to the ATE without conversion. It is also possible to select a cost-effective ATE from the test program, because the program expresses the required ATE resources, such as pin counts, measurement accuracy, and memory capacity. We describe the prototype environment for the GTL and the tester selection tool. The software size of the prototype is approximately 27,800 steps and 15 manmonths were required. Using the tester selection tool, the number of man-hours required in order to select an ATE could be reduced to 1/10. A GTL program was successfully executed on actual ATE.
Takeshi Abe,윤대호,김선욱,Tadashi Ishigaki,Kazuyoshi Uematsu,Mineo Sato,Takaki Masaki,Kenji Toda 한국정보디스플레이학회 2014 Journal of information display Vol.15 No.1
A yellow-emitting silicate phosphor, NaAlSiO4:Eu2+,was synthesized through a new reducing technique, using SiO powder as a silica source, during the preparation process. The addition of SiO powder as a silica source significantly enhanced the Eu2+ content, which led toan increase in the photoluminescence emission intensity of the NaAlSiO4:Eu2+ phosphor.The optimization of the composition resulted in obtaining themaximum emission intensityfor NaAlSiO4:7mol% Eu2+.