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Kwon, Young-Do,Kang, Shinwoo,Park, Hyunjun,Cheong, Il-koo,Chang, Keun-A,Lee, Sang-Yoon,Jung, Jae Ho,Lee, Byung Chul,Lim, Seok Tae,Kim, Hee-Kwon Elsevier 2018 European journal of medicinal chemistry Vol.159 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Translocator protein (TSPO) is an interesting biological target because TSPO overexpression is associated with microglial activation caused by neuronal damage or neuroinflammation, and these activated microglia are involved in several central nervous system diseases. Herein, novel fluorinated ligands (<B>14a–c</B> and <B>16a–c</B>) based on a 2-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-<I>a</I>]pyrimidin-3-yl acetamide scaffold were synthesized, and <I>in vitro</I> characterization of each of the novel ligands was performed to elucidate structure activity relationships. All of the newly synthesized ligands displayed nano-molar affinity for TSPO. Particularly, an <I>in vitro</I> affinity study suggests that 2-(5,7-diethyl-2-(4-(3-fluoro-2-methylpropoxy)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-<I>a</I>]pyrimidin-3-yl)-<I>N,N</I>-diethylacetamide (<B>14a</B>), which exhibited high nano-molar affinity for TSPO and proper lipophilicity, was suitable for <I>in vivo</I> brain studies. Thus, radiosynthesis from tosylate precursor <B>13a</B> using fluorine-18 was performed, and [<SUP>18</SUP>F]<B>14a</B> was obtained in a 31% radiochemical yield (decay-corrected). Dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies were performed in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation rat model using [<SUP>18</SUP>F]<B>14a</B> to identify the location of inflammation in the brain with a high target-to-background signal ratio. In addition, we validated that the locations of inflammatory lesions found by PET imaging were consistent with the locations observed by histological examination of dissected brains using antibodies. These results suggest that [<SUP>18</SUP>F]<B>14a</B> is a novel promising PET imaging agent for diagnosing neuroinflammation, and it may also prove to be applicable for diagnosing other diseases, including cancers associated with altered TSPO expression, using PET techniques.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> New TSPO ligands with pyrazolopyrimidine core were synthesized. </LI> <LI> <I>K</I> <SUB>i</SUB> value of <B>14a</B> was 3.12 nM. </LI> <LI> <I>In vivo</I> PET imaging of [<SUP>18</SUP>F]<B>14a</B> showed its high uptake in neuroinflammatory region. </LI> <LI> Immunohistochemical study confirmed selective binding of [<SUP>18</SUP>F]<B>14a.</B> </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Diffraction Efficiency Analysis of Silver Halide Film for Color Holography Recording
Sung Chul Park,Sang Il Kim,Kwang Chul Son,Soon Chul Kwon,Seung Hyun Lee 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2015 International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting an Vol.7 No.2
Holography technology which was developed by Dennis Gabor (1900~1979) in 1948 is a technology to record wave planes of actual 3D objects. It is known as the only technology which can express 3D information most perfectly close to human-friendly. Holography technology is widely used in advertisement, architecture and arts as well as science technology areas. Especially, digital holographic print which is an applied area is greatly used in military map, architecture map and cultural asset restoration by printing and reproducing 3D information. Holography is realized by recording and reproducing the amplitude and phase information on high resolution film using coherent light like laser. Recording materials for digital holographic printer are silver halide, photoresist and photopolymer. Because the materials have different diffraction efficiency according to film characteristics of each manufacturer, appropriate guide lines should be suggested through efficiency analysis of each film. This paper suggests appropriate guide lines through the diffraction efficiency measurement of silver halide which is a holographic printer recording medium. And the objective of this study is to suggest appropriate guide lines through diffraction efficiency analysis of Ultimate 08-C and PFG-03C which are commercially used. The experiment was prepared by self-diffraction efficiency system which measures the strength with the defector by penetrating RGB recording medium and concentrating diffracted beams through collimating lens. The experiment showed Geola's PFG-03C which is a silver halide for full color has price/performance advantage in optical hologram recording, but recording angles and reproduction angles are irregular for digital holographic printer recording. Ultimate's Ultimate08-C for full color shows its diffraction efficiency is relatively stable and high according to recording angles and laser wavelength.
(Sung Hyun Kwon),(Duk Soo Choi),(Dae Chul Cho) 한국물환경학회 2000 한국물환경학회지 Vol.16 No.1
Biodegradability of pentachlorophenol and its biological kinetic parameters were investigated using a chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis. The experiments were performed in continuous stirred tank reactors with synthetic wastewater containing 30 and 60㎎/L of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and other carbon sources. Mean cell residence time (MCRT) and hydraulic residence time (HRT) were maintained from 4.8 to 26.2 days and 4 to 17 hours, respectively. While synthetic wastewater containing 30 ㎎/L of PCP showed over 90% S-COD removal efficiencies except at the 4.8 and 20.3 days of MCRT, 55% to 75% removal efficiencies were observed for 60 ㎎/L of PCP concentration. The respective values of Y and k_d were 0.15 and 0.010 day^(-1) for 30 ㎎/L PCP (r²= 0.90), and 0.13 and 0.014 day^(-1) for 60 ㎎/L PCP (r² = 0.86), respectively. In a substrate inhibition kinetics, Haldane model, the respective values of K_s, K_i and k were 60.8 ㎎ COD/L, 297.5 ㎎ COD/L and 0.93 day^(-1) for 30 ㎎/L PCP (r² = 0.30), and 262.2 ㎎ COD/L, 997.2 ㎎ COD/L and 0.053 day^(-1) for 60 ㎎/L PCP (r² = 0.78), respectively.
(Sung Hyun Kwon),(Dae Chul Cho) 한국물환경학회 1999 한국물환경학회지 Vol.15 No.3
The biodegradation of one popular nitramine energetics, Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) by mixture of dentrifying bacterial species was investigated. ADN was observed to be effectively mineralized in the anaerobic mixed culture. The initial ADN concentration of 250㎎/L was reduced to non-detectable levels (>99% removal efficiency) in 5 days of incubation under anaerobic conditions. Final products generated from anaerobic degradation of nitramine energetics by anaerobic metabolism were NH₄^+, CH₄, and CO₂ that were released to the environment with the denitrifiers` growth. In addition, it was found that the activity of denitrifiers was inhibited by high concentration of ammonia generated through the degradation reactions of energetic nitrites.
Isolation and Identification of Postharvest Spoilage Fungi from Mulberry Fruit in Korea
Kwon, O-Chul,Ju, Wan-Taek,Kim, Hyun-Bok,Sung, Gyoo-Byung,Kim, Yong-Soon The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 2018 한국환경농학회지 Vol.37 No.3
BACKGROUND: Spoilage fungi can reduce the shelf life of fresh fruits and cause economic losses by lowering quality. Especially, mulberry fruits have high sensitivity to fungal attack due to their high water content (> 70%) and soft texture. In addition, the surface of these fruits is prone to damage during harvesting and postharvest handling. However, any study on postharvest spoilage fungi in mulberry fruit has not been reported in Korea. This study aimed to examine the spoilage fungi occurring in mulberry fruits during storage after harvest. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we isolated postharvest spoilage fungi from mulberry fruits stored in refrigerator (fresh fruits) and deep-freezer (frozen fruits) and identified them. In the phylogenetic analysis based on comparisons of the ITS rDNA sequences, the 18 spoilage fungi isolated from mulberry fruits and the 25 reference sequences were largely divided into seven groups that were subsequently verified by high bootstrap analysis of 73 to 100. Alternaria spp. including A. alternate and A. tenuissima, were the most frequently isolated fungi among the spoilage isolates: its occurrence was the highest among the 18 isolates (38.9%). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study will be helpful for increasing the shelf life of mulberry fruits through the application of appropriate control measures against infection by spoilage fungi during storage.