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      • 치환에 의해서 야기되는 Benzene ring의 변형에 관한 고찰

        서정선,조정랑 명지대학교 1978 明大論文集 Vol.11 No.-

        The small deformations induced by subtitution in the skeletal geometry of the benzene ring are analysed in detail in a number of monosubstituted benzene derivatives. It is shown that the available structural data, which come mainly from room Temperature X-ray diffraction experiments, are unsuitable for a detailed investigation of the bond length distrbution within the ring, because of the effects of the thermal motion. They are suitable, however, for a study of the internal bond angles. The observed dependence of the ring geometry upon the σ-electronwithdrawing or-releasing properties of the substituent and the extent of its conjugation with the ring is discussed in terms of ① hybridization effects at the carbon atom at which substitution takes places ② valence shell electron pair repulsions ③ intramolecular non-bonded interactions, and ④ coulombic attractions between formally charged atoms. If appears that the experimental evidence is best rationalized in terms of either hybridization changes or valence shell electron pair repulsions.

      • SCIESCOPUSKCI등재

        Charge Structure of the Combined System (La0.6Sr0.4MnO₃)0.7(La0.6Sr0.4FeO₃)0.3 as Investigated by Mossbauer Spectroscopy

        Young Rang Uhm,Sam Jin Kim,Chul Sung Kim 한국자기학회 2002 Journal of Magnetics Vol.7 No.1

        The charge structures of La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)FeO₃ (LSMO) and of the combined system (La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)MnO₃)_(0.7)(La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)FeO₃)_(0.3) are investigated by using Mossbauer spectroscopy. The antiferromagnetically ordered La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)FeO₃(LSFO) has possible charges of Fe³+ and Fe⁴+, which include a low-spin Fe⁴+ state at and above 230 K. The temperature dependences of the Mossbauer spectra for the La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)FeO₃ system and for the combined (LSMO)_(0.7)(LSFO)_(0.3) system are fitted as three sets of Zeeman patterns corresponding to Fe³+ and Fe⁴+ below 230 K. At and above 230 K, the fitted Mossbauer spectra for the combined system are the same in all temperature ranges. Above 230 K, La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)FeO₃ spectrum consists of two sets of six Lorentzians for Fe³+ and one line for low spin Fe⁴+. It is worth noting that large fields are induced in the combined system.

      • KCI등재

        골프장연습장 이용 고객의 전환장벽 요인에 따른 시장세분화

        김애랑(Ae Rang Kim),전호문(Ho Moon Jun),조우정(Woo Jeong Cho) 한국사회체육학회 2013 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.53

        The purpose of this study was to segment the customers of driving range by clustering them based on switching barriers. The second purpose was to identify the characteristics of each cluster. The third purpose was to examine the differences of satisfaction and switching intentions of each cluster. In order to measure the switching barriers, 13 items divided into 3 factors, which were 7 items for switching cost (Cronbach`s α = .875), 3 items for interpersonal relationship (Cronbach`s α = .686), and 3 items for attraction of alternatives (Cronbach`s α = .764) were used. A total of 431 responses were analyzed with the statistical methods such as frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, K-mean cluster analysis, Chi-square analysis, One-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. The findings for this study were as follows. First, the three clusters were identified based on switching barriers. Second, each cluster was explained by the personal characteristics of the customers of driving range. Third, statistically significant differences in switching intentions and satisfactions were found among clusters.

      • KCI등재후보

        Effect of Accelerated Aging on the Color Stability of Dual-Cured Self-Adhesive Resin Cements

        Kim, Ah-Rang,Jeon, Yong-Chan,Jeong, Chang-Mo,Yun, Mi-Jung,Huh, Jung-Bo Korean Academy of Dental Science 2015 Journal of korean dental science Vol.8 No.2

        Purpose: The effect of accelerated aging on color stability of various dual-cured self-adhesive resin cements were evaluated in this study. Materials and Methods: Color stability was examined using three different brands of dual-cured self-adhesive resin cements: G-CEM LinkAce (GC America), MaxCem Elite (Kerr), and PermaCem 2.0 (DMG) with the equivalent color shade. Each resin cement was filled with Teflon mold which has 6 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness. Each specimen was light cured for 20 seconds using light emitting diode (LED) light curing unit. In order to evaluate the effect of accelerated aging on color stability, color parameters (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage, CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$) and color differences (${\Delta}E^*$) were measured at three times: immediately, after 24 hours, and after thermocycling. The $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ values were analyzed using Friedman test and ${\Delta}E^*$ values on the effect of 24 hours and accelerated aging were analyzed using t-test. These values were compared with the limit value of color difference (${\Delta}E^*=3.7$) for dental restoration. One-way ANOVA and Scheff's test (P<0.05) were performed to analyze each ${\Delta}E^*$ values between cements at each test period. Result: There was statistically significant difference in comparison of color specification ($L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$) values after accelerated aging except $L^*$ value of G-CEM LinkAce (P<0.05). After 24 hours, color difference (${\Delta}E^*$) values were ranged from 2.47 to 3.48 and $L^*$ values decreased and $b^*$ values increased in all types of cement and MaxCem Elite had high color stability (P<0.05). After thermocycling, color change's tendency of cement was varied and color difference (${\Delta}E^*$) values were ranged from 0.82 to 2.87 and G-CEM LinkAce had high color stability (P<0.05). Conclusion: Color stability of dual-cured self-adhesive resin cements after accelerated aging was evaluated and statistically significant color changes occurred within clinically acceptable range.

      • KCI등재

        최인훈 소설 연구 : 주인공 독고준의 욕망과 심리 세계를 중심으로

        박해랑(Park Hae Rang) 한국문학회 2014 韓國文學論叢 Vol.67 No.-

        최인훈 소설 는 그의 여러 소설 중 가장 난해한 작품에 속한다. 비사실주의 소설로 기존의 소설과는 다른 중층구조를 이루고 있다. 그는 소설에서 인물에 대한 심리 세계를 매우 치밀하게 서술하고 있다. 특히 주인공의 심리는 그의 행동에 중요한 원인으로 작용하고 있다. 최인훈 소설에서 인물들의 성향은 여러 작품에서 반복되거나 연속되어 나타나고 있으며, 작가는 인물들의 사유 세계를 섬세히 묘사하고 있다. 소설에서 주인공은 시대적 가치관과 개인적 가치관의 혼돈 속에서 이성에 대한 욕망을 다양하게 표출하고 있다. 그에 비해 지금까지 인물에 대한 심리 연구는 거의 없는 편이다. 이에 최인훈 소설에서 인물의 심리 연구를 새로운 논의 방법으로 제시하고, 그 소설의 난해성 해소와 연구 범위 의 확대에 기여하고자 한다. 본 연구는 에서 주인공 독고준을 중심으로 그의 욕망과 심리 세계를 연구하는 것에 목적을 둔다. 문학에서 심리적 상태를 표현하고, 문학연구에 있어 심리를 연구하는 것은 지금까지 중요한 과제가 되 어 왔다. 인물의 복잡한 심리를 연구하는 과정은 그 인물 행위의 동기를 분석하여 그 의미를 설명하는데 매우 유용한 방법이다. 에서 독고준은 이유정의 방에서 나와 자신의 방으로 들어가는 복도의 끝에서 환상 여행을 떠난다. 환상적인 공간 이동을 통하여 독고준은 기억에 잠재된 무의식 세계를 여행한다. 독고준의 여행 목적은 과거'W시의 그 여름날을 기억하는 그녀'를 만나기 위한 욕망의 실현이다. 그녀를 만나기 위해 여행을 강행하면서 그가 깨달은 것은 가족에 대한 그리움이며, 어머니에 대한 사랑이다. 또한 어린 시절 경험한 자아비판의 상흔은 그 시절의 교실로 돌아가 지도원 선생과 대면함으로써 치유한다. 독고준은 여행내내 자아와 세계의 대립으로 균열이 심화되어 간다. 이러한 균열은 그를 내면세계로 침잠하게 한다. 그러나 반복적인 여행을 통해 내면의 상흔을 치유하고, 현실을 인식하여 자아의 성장을 이룬다. 독고준은 여행하는 동안 부끄러움을 느끼고, 여행이 끝난 후에도 자신의 행동에 부끄러움을 느낀다. 자신이 한 행동에 대해 반성하고 부끄러움을 느끼는 것은 자아가 성장하고, 정체성을 확립해가는 과정이다. 인간은 끊임없이 자아와 세계의 갈등을 빚는다. 자아와 세계가 투쟁과 충돌을 통해 화해의 결실을 이루기도 하지만 다수의 인간은 투쟁과 충 돌을 회피하고 내면으로 침잠하여 세계로부터 스스로를 소외시키는 경향을 가지기도 한다. 현실과 당면하지 않고 사회에 대해 스스로 소외시키는 것을 성장의 한 방편으로 보는 것이 불편한 사실이지만, 이렇게 밖에 할 수 없는 현실이 냉정하다. 독고준은 이러한 현실에 살고 있는 회색(灰色)인이다. 그러나 무의식의 환상 여행을 마친 후 자신의 방에서 비오는 창밖을 바라보는 그의 모습은 현실을 직시하고 받아들이려는 노력의 자세로 보인다. 에서 독고준의 욕망과 심리 묘사는 주인공을 매개로 한 행동의 의미와 심리 체계를 구조화한 것으로 평가할 수 있다. 독고준이 혼돈된 세계에서 자아의 성장과 가치관을 정립해가는 과정을 살펴봄으로 작품에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓히고, 최인훈 소설의 다양한 분석과 연속성 있는 연구의 틀을 마련할 수 있을 것이다. Choi In-Hoon's novel Seo-Yu-Gi belongs to one of the most abstruse novels. As an unrealistic novel, it consists of multi-layered structures. He narrates psychological realm of the characters very closely. Especially, the state of mind of the protagonist in his behavior works as an important element. The personality of characters in various Choi's novels appear repeatedly and continuously, and he describes their psyche delicately. Reduced to a chaotic state, the protagonist in the novel expresses his desire for the other sex variously. However, until now, studies on the mentality and psychology of the character have been rare. Therefore, I will present the study on the character's mentality and psychology as a new argument method, and I'd like to contribute to reduction of abstruseness and expand the study range. This study aims at studying on the desire and psychological realm of the protagonist, Dok Go-Joon in Seo-Yu-Gi. It becomes important task to express metal state and to study the mentality in literary researches. A course of study on the complex mentality of the character is very useful to analyze the motivation of the behavior and to explain the meaning. Dok Go-Joon in Seo-Yu-Gi. takes a fantasy journey at the end of hall stepping out of the Lee You-Jung's room. Through moving space, Dok Go-Joon travels the world of unconsciousness embedded in his memory. The purpose of his travel is to fulfill his desire to meet her. She remembers the summer day of W city. What he realizes is longing for his family and loving for his mother. Also, the scar caused by self criticism in his childhood is healed up by facing instructor in the classroom of the time. The rupture between his ego and world becomes worse through the entire trip. This rupture begins to withdraw to his inner world. However, he heals the scar through the repetitive travel, recognize the reality, and accomplish selfdevelopment. Dok Go-Joon feel abashed during the trip and still he does after the trip. It is the process of establishing his own identity for him to reflect on his behavior and have shyness. Humans always come into conflict between ego and world. Ego and world can bear a fruit of reconciliation, but most humans tend to avoid the struggle, conflict withdraw into the inner world, and isolate themselves from the world. From the perspective of growth and maturity, it is uncomfortable fact that humans do not face the reality and isolate themselves from the society, but the reality is quite cold and different because people can not do any other things. Dok Go-Joon is “A Gray man” who lives in this reality. However, his image, which looks out the window for rainy days after unconscious fantasy journey, can be seen as an effort to face and embrace the reality. Description of Dok Go-Joon's desire and state of mind in Seo-Yu-Gi can be appraised as structurization of behavioral meaning and psychological system. By looking for the process for Dok Go-Joon to establish self-development and values, I can broaden and deepen the understanding of this work and provide a framework for various and continuous study on Choi's novels.

      • 韓國人 乳癌組織의 Estrogen 受容體의 檢索

        金政徹,李洙定,鄭泰浩,朴朗韻,黃一愚 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1992 慶北醫大誌 Vol.33 No.3

        한국여성의 유방암에서 estrogen수용체 및 progesterone수용체의 분포를 알아보기 위하여 39례의 유방암조직에서 이를 측정하였다. Estrogen수용체는 33.3%에서 양성으로 5.42에서 230.02f㏖/㎎ protein까지의 값을 나타내었고 progesterone수용체는 5.34내지 66.60f㏖/㎎ protein의 함량을 가진 56.4%에서 양성이었다. 폐경기 이전은 폐경기 이후에 비해 estrogen수용체와 progesterone수용체가 모두 양성인 경우가 더 많았고 모두 음성인 경우는 더 적었으며 환자의 연령이 50세 이하인 경우의 progesterone수용체 양성율은 50세 이상의 경우보다 두배 이상 높았다. 또한 액와임파절전이가 전혀없는 경우가 1개이상 전이된 경우보다 훨씬 높은 estrogen수용체 양성율을 보였으며 TNM병기 Ⅱ는 병기Ⅱ나 Ⅳ보다 estrogen수용체 및 progesterone수용체 양성율이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 한편 조직학적 유형과 호르몬 수용체와의 관계는 대부분이 infiltrating ductal carcinoma인 까닭에 의미 있는 결과를 얻지 못하였다. 이상의 결과에서 나타난 estrogen수용체 및 progesterone수용체와 유방암의 여러 임상적 병리조직학적 측면들과의 상관관계로 미루어 볼 때 임상검사실에서의 통상적인 호르몬수용체 측정법 확립은 유방암의 치료 및 예후판단에 매우 유용하리라 기대된다. The levels of estrogen receptors (ER) ad Progesterone receptors (PR) in 39 breast cancer tissues have been determined and a correlation of both receptor levels with the histopathologic findings and clinical features was attempted. The ER levels ranged from 0 to 230.02 fmol/㎎ cytosol protein and the PR levels ranged from 0 to 66.60 fmol/㎎ cytosol protein. 33% of the specimens were ER+ and 56% were PR+. The group younger than 50 years had a higher percentage of positive PR status. The positive rate of ER showed no significant difference between pre and postmenopause, while those of PR was decreased from 67% in pre-to 41% in postmenopause. 82% of the histologic type were infiltrating ductal carcinoma and 74% of patients were stage Ⅱ of TNM classification. These results indicated that there was strong correlation between age, menopausal status, axillary lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and receptor status.

      • KCI등재

        FTIR을 이용한 브라질 Itabira 지역 에메랄드의 분광학적 특성 연구

        임예원 ( Ye Won Lim ),장윤득 ( Yun Deuk Jang ),김종랑 ( Jong Rang Kim ),김형수 ( Hyeong Soo Kim ),김종근 ( Jong Gun Kim ),김정진 ( Jeong Jin Kim ) 한국광물학회 2008 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.21 No.4

        현재 에메랄드의 중요한 산지로 자리 잡아가고 있는 Itabira 지역 에메랄드의 분광학적 특성을 연구하기 위하여 에메랄드를 C-축에 수직, 수평인 방향으로 각각 절단하였으며, H2O 관련 범위의 좀 더 세부적인 피크 관찰을 위하여 KBr로 압축한 pellet시료를 만들어 적외선 분광분석(FTIR) 실험을 수행 하였다. H2O 관련 범위에서 5,271cm-1, 1,638cm-1 피크가 나타나는 것으로 보아 본 시료는 Type-Ⅱ에 해당함을 관찰할 수 있었으며, H2O-Na-H2O 배열 형태를 가지는 Type-Ⅱa에 해당하는 피크가 아주 강하게 나타나고 있다. H2O 관련 범위를 제외한 특정 범위에서는 CO2, Cl 피크 등이 관찰 되었으며, 적외선 분광분석법을 이용하여 타입의 분류뿐만 아니라 상대적인 피크 강도 비교를 통하여 Na2O 함량 또한 예측 가능한 것으로 사료된다. Emerald deposit located on Itabira, Brazil is one of the major one in the world. We applied three different analytical approaches on Itabira emerald samples, (1) perpendicular to the c-axis, (2) parallel to the c-axis, (3) emerald pallet mixed with KBr, using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, to understand and compare spectroscopic characteristics of three Itabira emerald samples. Occurrence of 5,271 cm-1 and 1,638 cm-1 absorption peaks within H2O-related range indicates that the samples belong to Type-II emerald. These emerald samples also display strong absorption peak generated from Type-IIa emerald preserving H2O-Na-H2O sequence. CO2- and Cl-related absorption peaks observed within specific range except for H2O-related range. These observations and results suggest that FTIR analysis can be used for not only classification of emerald types, but also prediction of Na2O content within the emerald through comparison of relative peak intensity.

      • SCIESSCISCOPUSKCI등재

        A Study on the Screening of Children at Risk for Developmental Disabilities Using Facial Landmarks Derived From a Mobile-Based Application

        Sang Ho Hwang,Yeonsoo Yu,Jichul Kim,Taeyeop Lee,Yu Rang Park,Hyo-Won Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2024 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.21 No.5

        Objective : Early detection and intervention of developmental disabilities (DDs) are critical to improving the long-term outcomes of af-flicted children. In this study, our objective was to utilize facial landmark features from mobile application to distinguish between children with DDs and typically developing (TD) children. Methods : The present study recruited 89 children, including 33 diagnosed with DD, and 56 TD children. The aim was to examine the effectiveness of a deep learning classification model using facial video collected from children through mobile-based application. The study participants underwent comprehensive developmental assessments, which included the child completion of the Korean Psychoedu-cational Profile-Revised and caregiver completing the Korean versions of Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Korean version of the Child-hood Autism Rating Scale, Social Responsiveness Scale, and Child Behavior Checklist. We extracted facial landmarks from recorded vid-eos using mobile application and performed DDs classification using long short-term memory with stratified 5-fold cross-validation. Results : The classification model shows an average accuracy of 0.88 (range: 0.78–1.00), an average precision of 0.91 (range: 0.75–1.00), and an average F1-score of 0.80 (range: 0.60–1.00). Upon interpreting prediction results using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), we verified that the most crucial variable was the nodding head angle variable, with a median SHAP score of 2.6. All the top 10 contributing variables exhibited significant differences in distribution between children with DD and TD (p<0.05). Conclusion : The results of this study provide evidence that facial landmarks, utilizing readily available mobile-based video data, can be used to detect DD at an early stage.

      • 沙土에 있어서 감자栽培의 生態的 調査硏究

        李瑯雨 대구교육대학교 1974 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

        Raising crops have been so far impossible on the sandy soil of rivers. But the results obtained from this test has shown that growing crops on such soil are possible with the help of chemical fertilizer and plant growth hormone through the crops thus raised are not so good in quality and quantity as those raised on the ordinary plough land. It is expected that continuing study will bring about better effect on both quality and quantity.

      • 華角工藝를 利用한 工藝品 開發에 關한 硏究

        申朗浩 三陟大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

        Among traditional craft arts in Korea, Wha-Gak handicraft is recognized as an orgianl craft art, because its material has been improved and developed. The author attempted to find out its historic and social background and production processes through boks and trial manufacture. The author tried to recognize its value as a traditional craft arts. As for Wha-Gak handicraft , it is intially made by sheets of thin horn paper. On this paper, various patterns are drawn with colors and attached on the object as a decoration. It was influenced by ancient Chinese Dae-Mo-Bok-Chae technique and it is estimated that these days horn paper is used instead of Dae-Mo as a main material. The oldest remain that we know are produced during the Silla Dynastry and kept at Jung Chang Won in Japna, The essence of color on Wha-Gak handicraft is pattern design and the horn paper. Judhing from patterns and colors on the remains we can understand that popular belief and story have been shaped and symbolized in limited areas. Chinese color, gold and silver foil have been used and flowers, longevity symbols, dragons, tigers, magpie tigers and jumping carps seen oncfolk painting and embroidery have been repeatedly described on the remains. These old remains are feminine articles such as sewing boxes, mirrors, Korean socks case, combs, fans, jewelry boxes and sewing measures. The reason why this Wha-Gak handicraft has been developed so slow is that its production process was difficult, it was restricted because it was regarded as aristocratic craft arts and remains could not be spread out because of horn paper's weakness. I think that recently production problems are solved by recognition of traditional craft arts, mechanized production of horn paper and development of tools.

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