公法上의 契約에 의한 補助金의 지급과 競爭者訴訟

朴紀秉 관동대학교 1996 關大論文集 Vol.24 No.2

Die offentliche Hand verfolgt mit Subvention stets einen offentlichen Zweck. Das Subventionsrecht kennt keine allgemeinen gesetzliche Vorschriften uber die Ausgestaltung und Abwicklung von Subventionsverhaltnissen, insbesondere nicht zu den moglichen Handlungsformen bei der Subventionsevergabe. Dabei Kommen als Handlungsformen grundsatzlich der Verwaltungsakt oder der Abschluβ eines offentlish-rechtlichen Vertrags in Betracht. Erfolgt die subventionierung durch den offentlich-rechtliche vertrag, kann der nichtsubventionierte Konkurrent durch die Feststellungsklage sein rechtsschtzbegehren effektiv durchsetzen. Nach § 43 Abs. 1 VwGO muβder Klager gegenuber den Beklagten ein berechtigtes Interesse an der Feststellung haben. Als berechtigtes Interesse ist jedes nach vernuftigen Erwagungen nach Lage des Falles aufgrund einer gesetzilchen regelung oder nach allgemeinen rechtsrundsatzen anzuerkennende schutzurdiges Interesse rechtlicher, wirtschaftlicher oder auch ideeler oder rein personlicher Art anzusehen. Angesichts der Ermangelung einer der Klagebegugnis entsprechenden Zulassigkeitsvoraussetzung bei der Feststellungsklage besteht gerade hier die Gefahr, daβ Querulanten ohne Grund alle moglichen Rechtseverhaltnisse durch die Gerichte feststellen lassen. Aus Diesen Grund ist die analoge Anwendung des § 42 Abs. 2 VwGO auf die Feststellungsklage des Drittrechtsverhaltnisses nicht zu beanstanden. Wenn man die Klagebefugnis des nichtsubventionierten Konkurrenten gegen willkurliche Subventionierung durch Verwaltungsakt anerkennt, ist die Klagebefugnis des Klagers bei der Kondurrentenfeststellungsklage ohne weiteres anzuerkennen, wenn nach seinem Vortrag es moglich erscheint, daβder Subventionsvertrag den grundrechtlich geschutzten Bereich beeintrachtigt.

랄프로렌 디자인 브랜드에 표현된 어메리칸 스타일 연구 : 라이프 스타일과 디자인과의 관련성을 중심으로

남기묘,박혜원 창원대학교 생활과학연구소 2001 생활과학연구 Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of this study is to find the characteristics about Ralph Lauren's designs brand. Methods of this study are the analysis of his brand growth process and concept strategy. The results are as follows. 1) Ralph Lauren's concepts strategy are a. Convert british type into American style b. Present an American life style c. Marketing strategy 2) Ralph Lauren's designs Characters are a. Traditional wear of noble taste b. Western style of American reclamation period c. Use of comfortable material Today, his classic and preppy designs all draw upon an image of old word wealth and luxury and he pioneered the concept of clothes as part of a lifestyle environment.

n-형 3C-SiC의 특성

이기암,박국상 단국대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

High quality 3C-SiC epilayer was grown on Si(lll) at 1250 ℃ using chemical vapor deposition(CVD) technique by pyrolyzing tetramethylsilane(TMS). The crystallinity and electrical properties of 3C-SiC epilayer were investigated by X-ray diffraction. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Raman spectrum. Hall measurement and current-voltage characteristics(Ⅰ-Ⅴ).

스퍼터링 조건에 따른 Co 박막의 증착속도 및 미세구조의 변화

백주열,박창만,최영근,이기암,황도근 단국대학교 신소재기술연구소 1992 신소재 Vol.2 No.-

DC 마그네트론 스퍼터링법으로 제조된 코발트 박막에 대해 증착속도 및 미세구조에 미치는 스퍼터링조건의 영향을 조사하였다. 증착속도는 투입전력이 커질수록 증가하였으며, 아르곤 압력이 커질수록 감소하였는데, 이는 투입전력의 증가로 인한 타게트 표면의 이온전류 밀도의 상승과 Ar 압력증가에 따른 비산효과의 증대로 인한 타게트 표면의 이온 전류 밀도의 감소로 고찰되었다. 투입전력이 커질수록 결정립의 크기가 감소하였으며, 투입 전력에 관계없이 특정한 면이 발달하지 않는 비정실 구조를 나타내었다. Ar 압력에 관계없이 비정질 구조를 나타내었다. We have investigated the influence of sputtering condition on deposition rate and microstructure of Co thin film produced by the method of DC Magnetron Sputtering. Deposition rate increased with the input power due to the rise in ionic current density on the surface of target, and decreased with the pressure of Ar gas due to the decrement of ionic current density by the effect of diffusion. Microstructure of the Co thin film became a finer structure with the increase in the input power, and showed amorphous irrespective of the charge of the input power and the pressure of Ar gas.

CBR모델을 활용한 IPC Girder교량의 환경부하량 추정모델 개발

김준수(Kim,Joon-So),박진영(Park,Jin-Young),최경찬(Choi,Ky대ng-Cha),이양규(Lee,Yang-Ky),김병수(Kim,Byung-Soo) 대한토목학회 2017 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.10

A New Forage Barley Cultivar with Semi-Smooth Awn and High Yielding ‘Miho’

Young-Jin Oh,Tae-Il Park,Hyoung-Ho Park,Ouk-Kyu Han,Jong-Chul Park,Tae-Hwa Song,Yang-Kil Kim,Hyeon-Jung Kang,Jae-Seong Choi,Yun-Woo Jang,Kwang-Geun Park,Jong-Ho Park,Chon-Sik Kang,Young-Keun Cheong,Ky 한국육종학회 2015 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2015 No.07

The purpose of development new variety ‘Miho’ (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a favorite with livestock feed and develop varieties resistant to disease and lodging. ‘Miho’ was carrying the growth habit of group Ⅲ, green and mid-wide leaf. Awn that are related to preference of livestock is a semi-smooth awn. This cultivar had 96cm of culm length, 650 of spikes per m2. Heading date of ‘Miho’ is April 27, and maturing dates on May 30, which were later than cultivar ‘Youngyang’. It also showed strong winter hardiness, and similar resistance to shattering and BaYMV compared with those of check one. The best thing among the traits of one is a new good quality with the plant green at the latter growing period. The average forage dry matter yield in the regional yield trial was about 13.1, 12.1 MT per ha in upland and paddy field, respectively, which were 9%, 2% higher than that of the check cultivar. It’s also showed 6.8% crude protein, 27.1% ADF (acid detergent fiber), and 67.5% TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients), including higher silage quality for whole crop barley. This cultivar would be suitable for the area whose daily minimum temperature was above -8℃ in January in Korean peninsula.

Phenolic Compounds from Orostachys japonicus having Anti-HIV-1 Protease Activity

Ju Gwon Park,Jong Cheol Park,Jong Moon Hur,Sung Jong Park,Da Rae Choi,Dong Young Shin,Ky Young Park,Hyun Wook Cho,Moon Sung Kim 한국생약학회 2000 Natural Product Sciences Vol.6 No.3

The water extract of the aerial parts of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger showed the inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease. From the same parts of O. japonicus, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid and methyl gallate, together with flavonoids, kaempferol, quercetin, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactoside and quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucoside were isolated and characterized by spectral data.

최근 5 년간 (1992~1996) 한국인 가임기여성의 풍진항체에 관한 연구

박금자,유국영,박영자,이병관 대한산부인과학회 1997 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.40 No.1

In the past two decades, the incidence of rubella infection has decreased due to a nation- wide rubella vaccination program. Therefore the rate of rubella Ig G antibody has decreased. This means an increasing vulnerability to rubella infection among the group, with negative Ig G antibodies. The study was conducted in January of 1992 to April of 1996. The subjects were 1,010 fertile women(ages 20/45 years). The study was performed at Park Women`s Clinic to investigate the status of rubella antibody in Korean fertile women. The results were as follows. 1. The positive rate of rubella Ig G and Ig M antibody were 80.5% and 1.5%, respectively. 2. The mean age of positive rubella Ig G group was 28.5±3.6 years. The positive rate of rubella Ig G antibody was decreased by an increase in age with a significant level at p$lt;0.05. 3. The positive rate of rubella Ig G antibody was 63.3% in 1992, 71.3% in 1993, 87.5% in 1994, 81.1% in 1995 and 83.8% in 1996. The increase in the positive rate of rubella Ig G antibody by year for 5 years was statistically significant at p$lt;0.05. 4. The positive rubella Ig M antibody was noted in 15 women. Among them, one woman was tested in 1993, 5 women in 1995 and 9 women in 1996. The incidence of rubella infection had increased by years, and was statistically significant at p$lt;0.05. 5. The mean titer of rubella Ig G antibody was 47.18±50.04 IU/ml. The titer of rubella Ig G antibody was decreased by the increased in at age(p$lt;0.05). We observed a low positive rate of rubella Ig G antibody as compaired with other studies that were performed before 1990. Therefore, to prevent sporadic rubella infections, rubella vaccinations should be given to unmarried women.

Application of recurrent neural network for inflow prediction into multi-purpose dam basin

Park Myung Ky,Yoon Yung Suk,Lee Hyun Ho,Kim Ju Hwan 한국수자원학회 2018 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.51 No.12

본 연구에서는 순환신경망을 이용한 댐 유입량 예측모형의 적용성 검토를 목적으로 하고 있으며, 이를 위해 소양강댐 유역 및 충주댐 유역을 대상 으로 그간 댐 운영을 통해 축적된 기상 및 수문 빅데이터를 활용하여 인공신경망 모형과 엘만 순환신경망 모형을 구축하였다. 모형의 학습과 예측 을 위하여 유역별 유입량, 강우량, 기온, 일조시간, 풍속자료가 입력자료로 사용되었고 10일간 일별 댐유입량 자료가 모델의 출력자료로 구조화 하여 학습을 진행한 후 검증을 목적으로 2016년 7월 ~ 2018년 6월까지 2개년에 대한 댐 유입량 예측을 수행하였다. 학습된 모형의 유입량 예측 결과를 비교분석한 결과, 소양강댐 유역에서는 인공신경망 모형과 순환신경망 모형 간 예측성능은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 충주댐 유역에서는 순환신경망 모형의 예측 결과가 인공신경망 모형에 비해 비교적 우수한 성능을 보임에 따라 엘만 순환신경망을 이용하여 댐 유입량 예측모형을 구축 할 경우 예측성능은 기존의 인공신경망 모형과 비슷하거나 다소 우수할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 엘만 순환신경망은 갈수기 댐 유입량 예측에 있어서 인공신경망에 비해 예측결과의 재현성이 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 엘만 순환신경망 학습에 있어 다중 은닉층 구조가 단일 은닉층 구조보다 예측 성능 향상에 효과적인 것으로 분석되었다. This paper aims to evaluate the applicability of dam inflow prediction model using recurrent neural network theory. To achieve this goal, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model and the Elman Recurrent Neural Network(RNN) model were applied to hydro-meteorological data sets for the Soyanggang dam and the Chungju dam basin during dam operation period. For the model training, inflow, rainfall, temperature, sunshine duration, wind speed were used as input data and daily inflow of dam for 10 days were used for output data. The verification was carried out through dam inflow prediction between July, 2016 and June, 2018. The results showed that there was no significant difference in prediction performance between ANN model and the Elman RNN model in the Soyanggang dam basin but the prediction results of the Elman RNN model are comparatively superior to those of the ANN model in the Chungju dam basin. Consequently, the Elman RNN prediction performance is expected to be similar to or better than the ANN model. The prediction performance of Elman RNN was notable during the low dam inflow period. The performance of the multiple hidden layer structure of Elman RNN looks more effective in prediction than that of a single hidden layer structure.

Review for Herbal Drug and Drug-Induced Liver Injury

Park, Bong-Ky,Son, Chang-Gue The Society of Korean Medicine 2010 대한한의학회지 Vol.31 No.3

Objectives: This study aimed to review the general features of drug induced liver injury (DILI) and the important factors in consideration of herbal drugs and DILI. Methods: We reviewed general aspects of DILI such as classification, inducible factors, diagnosis methods, prevention, and the status of herbal drug-associated DILI via literature. Results: Besides the drug itself, genetic and environmental factors affect hepatic toxicity. There is a lack of definitive diagnoses of DILI by drugs, including herbal remedies. The possibility of herbal drug-associated DILI is exaggerated, and majority of herbal drug-derived hepatic injury could be easily prevented if Oriental doctors pay attention to this issue. Conclusion: This study can provide Oriental doctors an overview and be helpful in minimizing the episodes of hepatotoxicity in use of herbal drugs.