Effects of Traditional Chinese Cooking Methods on Formation of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Lamb Patties

Haitao Guo,Zhenyu Wang,Han Pan,Xin Li,Li Chen,Weili Rao,Yuan Gao,Dequan Zhang 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.3

Different amounts of the potent mutagenic and/or carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) areformed in muscle-based foods under different cookingmethods. HAAs (9 varieties) in lamb patties cooked usingtraditional Chinese cooking methods (roasting, frying, panfrying,and stewing in seasonings) were investigated. Thetotal HAAs contents in roasted, fried, pan-fried, and stewedpatties were 4.39-123.15 ng/g, 3.59-43.24 ng/g, 0.71-10.05ng/g, and 51.07-120.32 ng/g, respectively. Amounts of HAAsincreased as cooking time increased. 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) was the dominantHAAs in deep roasted and fried samples, while 1-methyl-9H-pyrido [3,4-b] indole (Harman) and 9H-pyrido [3,4-b]indole (Norharman) were the main HAAs in pan-fried andstewed samples. Types and contents of HAAs formed atdifferent cooking times using different methods are unique. Stewing in seasoning generated a higher HAAs contentthan the high-temperature cooking methods roasting,frying, and pan-frying.

Identification and quantification of oleanane triterpenoid saponins and potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities from the roots and rhizomes of Panax stipuleanatus

Pan-Pan Shu,Lu-Xi Li,Qin-Min He,Jun Pan,Xiao-Lei Li,Min Zhu,Ye Yang,Yuan Qu 고려인삼학회 2021 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.45 No.2

Background: Panax stipuleanatus represents a folk medicine for treatment of inflammation. However, lack of experimental data does not confirm its function. This article aims to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of triterpenoid saponins isolated from P. stipuleanatus. Methods: The chemical characterization of P. stipuleanatus allowed the identification and quantitation of two major compounds. Analgesic effects of triterpenoid saponins were evaluated in two models of thermal- and chemical-stimulated acute pain. Anti-inflammatory effects of triterpenoid saponins were also evaluated using four models of acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenan-induced paw edema, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma in mice. Results: Two triterpenoid saponins of stipuleanosides R₁ (SP-R₁) and R₂ (SP-R₂) were isolated and identified from P. stipuleanatus. The results showed that SP-R₁ and SP-R₂ significantly increased the latency time to thermal pain in the hot plate test and reduced the writhing response in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. SP-R₁ and SP-R₂ caused a significant decrease in vascular permeability, ear edema, paw edema, and granuloma formation in inflammatory models. Further studies showed that the levels of inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin 6 in paw tissues were downregulated by SP-R₁ and SP-R₂. In addition, the rational harvest of three- to five-year-old P. stipuleanatus was preferable to obtain a higher level of triterpenoid saponins. SP-R₂ showed the highest content in P. stipuleanatus, which had potential as a chemical marker for quality control of P. stipuleanatus. Conclusion: This study provides important basic information about utilization of P. stipuleanatus resources for production of active triterpenoid saponins.

Polymorphisms of XRCC1 and ADPRT Genes and Risk of Noncardia Gastric Cancer in a Chinese Population: a Case-control Study

Pan, Xiong-Fei,Xie, Yao,Loh, Marie,Yang, Shu-Juan,Wen, Yuan-Yuan,Tian, Zhi,Huang, He,Lan, Hui,Chen, Feng,Soong, Richie,Yang, Chun-Xia Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.11

Objective: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies and its mortality ranks third among all cancers in China. We previously noted that XRCC1 Arg194Trp was associated with GC risk in Western China in a study on XRCC1 Arg194Trp and ADPRT Val762Ala. We aimed to further explore the association of these polymorphisms with risk of the noncardia subtype. Methods: We enrolled 176 noncardia GC patients and 308 controls from four hospitals and a community between October 2010 and August 2011. Genotyping was performed in a 384-well plate format on the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. A self-designed questionnaire was utilized to collect epidemiological data from the subjects regarding demographic factors and potential risk factors. Results: Subjects were aged $56.8{\pm}11.8$ (mean ${\pm}$ standard deviation) and $57.6{\pm}11.1$ years in the case and control groups, respectively. Individuals carrying the XRCC1 Trp/Trp or Arg/Trp variant genotype were at significantly increased risk of noncardia GC (adjusted OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.00-2.17), after adjustment for family history of cancer, drinking, and smoking. The increased risk of XRCC1 Arg194Trp variant genotype was more pronounced among subjects below 60 years old (adjusted OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.07-2.96), compared to older individuals. ADPRT Val762Ala variants (Ala/Ala or Val/Ala) were not associated with noncardia GC (adjusted OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.69-1.54). Conclusions: Our study suggests that XRCC1 Arg194Trp is a genetic susceptibility factor for developing noncardia GC in Han Chinese in Western China. In particular, individuals with the XRCC1 Arg194Trp variant genotype are at increased risk for GC below 60 years old.

The Integrins Involved in Soybean Agglutinin-Induced Cell Cycle Alterations in IPEC-J2

Pan, Li,Zhao, Yuan,Yuan, Zhijie,Farouk, Mohammed Hamdy,Zhang, Shiyao,Bao, Nan,Qin, Guixin Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.2

Soybean agglutinin (SBA) is an anti-nutritional factor of soybean, affecting cell proliferation and inducing cytotoxicity. Integrins are transmembrane receptors, mediating a variety of cell biological processes. This research aims to study the effects of SBA on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression of the intestinal epithelial cell line from piglets (IPEC-J2), to identify the integrin subunits especially expressed in IPEC-J2s, and to analyze the functions of these integrins on IPEC-J2 cell cycle progression and SBA-induced IPEC-J2 cell cycle alteration. The results showed that SBA lowered cell proliferation rate as the cell cycle progression from G0/G1 to S phase (P < 0.05) was inhibited. Moreover, SBA lowered mRNA expression of cell cycle-related gene CDK4, Cyclin E and Cyclin D1 (P < 0.05). We successfully identified integrins ${\alpha}2$, ${\alpha}3$, ${\alpha}6$, ${\beta}1$, and ${\beta}4$ in IPEC-J2s. These five subunits were crucial to maintain normal cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in IPEC-J2s. Restrain of either these five subunits by their inhibitors, lowered cell proliferation rate, and arrested the cells at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle (P < 0.05). Further analysis indicated that integrin ${\alpha}2$, ${\alpha}6$, and ${\beta}1$ were involved in the blocking of G0/G1 phase induced by SBA. In conclusion, these results suggested that SBA lowered the IPEC-J2 cell proliferation rate through the perturbation of cell cycle progression. Furthermore, integrins were important for IPEC-J2 cell cycle progression, and they were involved in the process of SBA-induced cell cycle progression alteration, which provide a basis for further revealing SBA anti-proliferation and anti-nutritional mechanism.

Advances in state-of-art valorization technologies for captured CO₂toward sustainable carbon cycle

Pan, Shu-Yuan,Chiang, Pen-Chi,Pan, Weibin,Kim, Hyunook Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2018 Critical reviews in environmental science and tech Vol.48 No.5

<P>Valorization of captured CO2 is an important but challenging topic since CO2 is a stable and relatively inert compound. Nonetheless, CO2 valorization technologies should be sought after, because they can offer an opportunity for the sustainable carbon cycle towards a circular economy by creating value-added products and generate revenues from CO2. This paper provides an overview of state-of-the-art valorization technologies for captured CO2, including (1) supercritical CO2 as a reactive solvent, (2) mineralization of CO2 as inorganic carbonates, (3) catalytic reduction of CO2 into organic fuel for transport, (4) transformation of CO2 to value-added chemicals, and (5) biological CO2 utilization. The principles and application, in terms of CO2 conversion performance and environmental benefits of each technology, are reviewed in detail. In addition, the perspectives and prospects of CO2 valorization technologies as a portfolio solution are provided to achieve the effective CO2 reduction while minimizing social and economic costs in the near future.</P>

Interleukin-4 and -8 Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Gastric Cancer in a Population in Southwestern China

Pan, Xiong-Fei,Wen, Ying,Loh, Marie,Wen, Yuan-Yuan,Yang, Shu-Juan,Zhao, Zhi-Mei,Tian, Zhi,Huang, He,Lan, Hui,Chen, Feng,Soong, Richie,Yang, Chun-Xia Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.7

Background: Gastric carcinogenesis is a complicated process that involves environmental and genetic factors like interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-8. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in their genes are associated with changed levels of gene expression. Here, we investigated the association between IL4-590 C>T and IL8-251T>A and gastric cancer (GC) risk in Sichuan of Southwestern China. Materials and Methods: We surveyed the research subjects using a self-designed questionnaire with questions on demographic factors and putative risk factors. Approximately 2-5ml of whole blood was collected after field survey to analyze IL4-590 C>T and IL8-251T>A genotypes using MALDI-TOF MS. Results: Our study recruited 308 pairs of GC patients and controls, including 224 (72.7%) men and 84 (27.3%) women in each group. There were 99 cardia and 176 noncardia GC patients in the case group. The case and control groups had an average age of $57.7{\pm}10.6$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) and $57.6{\pm}11.1$ years. GC patients reported a significantly greater proportion of family history of cancer (29.9% vs 10.7%, p<0.01) and drinking (54.6% vs 43.2%, p<0.01) than did controls. Variant genotypes of IL-4-590 C>T and IL-8-251 T>A were not associated with overall GC risk (adjusted OR, 0.89; 95%CI, 0.61-1.28 for CT or CC vs TT; adjusted OR, 1.14; 95%CI, 0.86-1.79 for TA or AA vs TT). Stratification analysis of two SNPs for risk by subsites only found that variant IL-8-251 TA or AA genotype was associated with increased noncardia GC risk (adjusted OR, 2.58; 95%CI, 1.19-5.57). We did not observe interactions between the IL-8-251 T>A genotype and smoking (adjusted OR, 0.38; 95%CI, 0.08-1.79) or drinking (adjusted OR, 0.36; 95%CI, 0.08-1.65) for risk of noncardia GC. Conclusions: Our data indicate no association between the two SNPs of IL-4-590 and IL-8-251 with overall GC risk, while the IL-8-251 TA or AA genotype conferred risk of cardia GC. Our findings contribute to the evidence body for risk of SNPs associated with the development of gastric cancer in this region.

Advances and challenges in sustainable tourism toward a green economy

Pan, Shu-Yuan,Gao, Mengyao,Kim, Hyunook,Shah, Kinjal J.,Pei, Si-Lu,Chiang, Pen-Chi Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.635 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper provides an overview of the interrelationships between tourism and sustainability from a cross-disciplinary perspective. The current challenges and barriers in the tourism sustainability, such as high energy use, extensive water consumption and habitat destruction, are first reviewed. Then the key cross-disciplinary elements in sustainable tourism, including green energy, green transportation, green buildings, green infrastructure, green agriculture and smart technologies, are discussed. To overcome the challenges and barriers, a few implementation strategies on achieving sustainable tourism from the aspects of policy/regulation, institution, finance, technology and culture are proposed, along with the framework and details of a key performance indicator system. Finally, prospects of the potential for tourism to contribute to the transformative changes, e.g., a green economy system, are illustrated. This paper shine a light on issues of importance within sustainable tourism and encourage researchers from different disciplines in investigating the inter-relationships among community/culture, environment/ecology, and energy/water/food more broadly.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Challenges and barriers in tourism sector toward sustainability are illustrated. </LI> <LI> A total of six key cross-disciplinary elements in sustainable tourism are proposed. </LI> <LI> Strategies, framework and details of KPI system for green tourism are provided. </LI> <LI> A case study of the Green Island, Taiwan toward a circular economy is presented. </LI> <LI> Transformative changes in tourism such as water-energy-food nexus are described. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Interleukin-10 Gene Promoter Polymorphisms and Risk of Gastric Cancer in a Chinese Population: Single Nucleotide and Haplotype Analyses

Pan, Xiong-Fei,Yang, Shu-Juan,Loh, Marie,Xie, Yao,Wen, Yuan-Yuan,Tian, Zhi,Huang, He,Lan, Hui,Chen, Feng,Soong, Richie,Yang, Chun-Xia Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.4

Objectives: Interleukin (IL) -10 is a potent cytokine with a dual ability to immunosuppress or immunostimulate. We aimed to explore the association of IL10 promoter polymorphisms with risk of gastric cancer (GC) in a Han population in Southwestern China. Methods: We enrolled 308 pairs of GC and control subjects from four hospitals and a community between October 2010 and August 2011 in a 1:1 matched case-control design. Demographic information was collected using a designed questionnaire. IL10-592 A>C and IL10-1082 A>G polymorphisms were determined by Sequenom MassARRAY analysis. Results: Patients with GC reported statistically higher proportions of family history of cancer (29.9% versus 10.7%, P<0.01) and alcohol drinking (54.6% versus 43.2%, P<0.01) than did controls. Similar results were observed in comparison between non-cardia GC patients and controls (P<0.01 and P=0.03). Variant genotypes of IL10-592 A>C and IL10-1082 A>G were not associated with overall GC risk (adjusted OR, 0.94, 95% CI, 0.66-1.33; adjusted OR, 1.00, 95% CI, 0.62-1.60). Sub-analysis showed that the IL10-592 AC/CC variant genotype was associated with decreased non-cardia GC risk (adjusted OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36-0.95). No association was found between any of the IL10 haplotypes established from two polymorphisms and risk of non-cardia GC. Conclusions: In conclusion, our data do not link the two SNPs of IL10-592 and IL10-1082 with overall GC risk. We demonstrate that IL10-592 polymorphism is associated with protective effect against non-cardia GC. Our findings may offer insight into risk associated with the development of GC in this region.

The Integrins Involved in Soybean Agglutinin-Induced Cell Cycle Alterations in IPEC-J2

Li Pan,Yuan Zhao,Zhijie Yuan,Mohammed Hamdy Farouk,Shiyao Zhang,Nan Bao,GuiXin Qin 한국분자세포생물학회 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.2

Soybean agglutinin (SBA) is an anti-nutritional factor of soybean, affecting cell proliferation and inducing cytotoxicity. Integrins are transmembrane receptors, mediating a variety of cell biological processes. This research aims to study the effects of SBA on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression of the intestinal epithelial cell line from piglets (IPEC-J2), to identify the integrin subunits especially expressed in IPEC-J2s, and to analyze the functions of these integrins on IPEC-J2 cell cycle progression and SBA-induced IPEC-J2 cell cycle alteration. The results showed that SBA lowered cell proliferation rate as the cell cycle progression from G0/G1 to S phase (P < 0.05) was inhibited. Moreover, SBA lowered mRNA expression of cell cycle-related gene CDK4, Cyclin E and Cyclin D1 (P < 0.05). We successfully identified integrins 2, 3, 6, 1, and 4 in IPEC-J2s. These five subunits were crucial to maintain normal cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in IPEC-J2s. Restrain of either these five subunits by their inhibitors, lowered cell proliferation rate, and arrested the cells at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle (P < 0.05). Further analysis indicated that integrin 2, 6, and 1 were involved in the blocking of G0/G1 phase induced by SBA. In conclusion, these results suggested that SBA lowered the IPEC-J2 cell proliferation rate through the perturbation of cell cycle progression. Furthermore, integrins were important for IPEC-J2 cell cycle progression, and they were involved in the process of SBA-induced cell cycle progression alteration, which provide a basis for further revealing SBA anti-proliferation and anti-nutritional mechanism.

Halogen as halogen-bonding donor and hydrogen-bonding acceptor simultaneously in ring-shaped H₃N·X(Y)·HF (X = Cl, Br and Y = F, Cl, Br) Complexes

Zhou, Pan-Pan,Qiu, Wen-Yuan,Liu, Shubin,Jin, Neng-Zhi Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.13 No.16

<P>A series of ring-shaped molecular complexes formed by H<SUB>3</SUB>N, HF and XY (X = Cl, Br and Y = F, Cl, Br) have been investigated at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. Their optimized geometry, stretching mode, and interaction energy have been obtained. We found that each complex possesses two red-shifted hydrogen bonds and one red-shifted halogen bond, and the two hydrogen bonds exhibit strong cooperative effects on the halogen bond. The cooperativity among the NH<SUB>3</SUB>⋯FH, FH⋯XY and H<SUB>3</SUB>N⋯XY interactions leads to the formations of these complexes. The AIM analysis has been performed at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ level of theory to examine the topological characteristics at the bond critical point and at the ring critical point, confirming the coexistence of the two hydrogen bonds and one halogen bond for each complex. The NBO analysis carried out at the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory demonstrates the effects of hyperconjugation, hybridization, and polarization coming into play during the hydrogen and halogen bonding formations processes, based on which a clockwise loop of charge transfer was discovered. The molecular electrostatic potential has been employed to explore the formation mechanisms of these molecular complexes.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A series of ring-shaped H<SUB>3</SUB>N·X(Y)·HF (X = Cl, Br and Y = F, Cl, Br) complexes is formed with the X atom simultaneously acting as a halogen-bonding donor and a hydrogen-bonding acceptor. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1cp00025j'> </P>