The Effects of Asparagus Racemosu on Oxidative Stress, Constipation and Hepatic Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patient

( Sumit Rajput ),( P Ashok ),( A Joshi ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder, causes many complications such as micro- and macro-vascular diseases. Asparagus racemosus is a widely found medicinal plant in tropical and subtropical parts of India. Our objective was to investigate effects of Asparagus racemosu root extract (ARRE) on constipation, liver dysfunctions and defence of red blood cells in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: A total number of 100 subjects were selected with the age ranging from 45 to 60 years. Among them, 50 diagnosed type 2 diabetes individuals were included in the Group A and 50 apparently healthy individuals were selected as Group B for comparison. ARRE was prepared in hot water and orally administered to type 2 diabetic patients with constipation. This treatment was thrice a week in 1^st month, twice in a week in corresponding 2^nd and 3^rd months and once in a week from 4^th to 6^th months. The defensive enzyme, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A-I, and malondialdehyde were measured in the red blood cells. The liver function test was performed by measuring hepatic enzymes (Aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase) and lipid profile levels. Results: ARRE supplementation significantly reduced the levels of fasting blood sugar, serum hepatic enzymes, hemoglobin A1c, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I and malondialdehyde in ARRE group in comparison to baseline, as well as control group, while it increased the level of apolipoprotein A-I (P<0.05). The diabetic patients were found to be altered lipid profile with vulnerable to skin infection particularly in the pelvic regions, backside, legs, etc. which were reversed to normal after six months of ARRE treatments. The stools quality also changed to normal. The antioxidant enzymes decreased in red blood cells of diabetics by 20-30%, normalized after six months of treatment with ARRE extract. There was also normalize hepatic enzymes activity with ARRE treatment to diabetic patients. Conclusions: ARRE treatment to diabetic patients not only normalize the defense of red blood cells but also corrects skin infection, liver disorder, neurological disorder and physiological disorder. The findings evidently suggest the hepatoprotective properties of ARRE in diabetic patients.

Influence of Osmolality of Complete Semen Extender on Motion Characteristics of Frozen-thawed Ram Spermatozoa

Joshi, Anil,Mathur, A.K.,Naqvi, S.M.K.,Mittal, J.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.12

The present study was conducted to observe the effect of osmolality of glycerolated TEST-yolk glycerol extenders on post-thawing sperm kinematics of ram spermatozoa of the native Malpura breed maintained in a semi-arid tropical environment. Good quality semen obtained from adult rams was pooled, split and diluted to 1,000 million spermatozoa per ml in complete TEST-yolk-glycerol extenders of 900, 1,200, 1,500 and 1,800 mOsm/kg osmolality. Diluted semen samples were loaded in 0.25 ml straws and cooled down to $-125^{\circ}C$ freezing temperature at the rate of $-25^{\circ}C$ per minute under controlled conditions before plunging into liquid nitrogen for storage. The thawing of straws was performed at $50^{\circ}C$ in a water bath for 10 seconds and sperm kinematics of the frozen-thawed spermatozoa were assessed by a computer-assisted sperm analysis technique. Osmolality of diluent had no significant effect on post-thawing % motility, % rapid, % medium and % slow moving frozen-thawed spermatozoa but significantly (p< 0.05) affected the % linearity and % straightness. The post-thawing % motility and % rapid motile spermatozoa were highest in samples extended in diluent of 1,500 mOsm/kg osmolality and lowest in 900 mOsm/kg. The curvilinear velocity of spermatozoa was significantly (p<0.05) higher for samples extended in 1,800 mOsm/kg, compared to those in 900 and 1,200 mOsm/kg, but the effect was not significantly different to those extended in diluent of 1,500 mOsm/kg osmolality. The study indicated that ram spermatozoa could tolerate a wide osmolality range for dilution in the complete TEST-yolk-glycerol extender for their cryosurvival. The highest recovery of motile spermatozoa following thawing was achieved in samples extended in the TEST-yolk-glycerol diluent of 1,500 mOsm/kg osmolality.

Methanol Extract of Moringa Oleifera Rejuvenate Pancreatic β-Cells in Experimental Type 2 Diabetic Model Rats

( Sumit Rajput ),( P Ashok ),( A Joshi ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disease of multiple aetiologies in insulin secretion. A deficiency in insulin results in hyperglycemia with metabolic disturbances of biomolecules. Moringa oleifera is endemic in the tropics with a variety of ethnomedicinal importance. The leaf of this plant has been reported to possess antioxidant and medicinal properties that may be helpful in the treatment and management of diabetes and its associated complications. This study evaluated the antidiabetic potentials of flavonoid-rich aqueous fraction of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (MOE) on the pancreatic β-cells of streptozotocin (STZ) and high-fat diet induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced intraperitoneally in rats by a single dose of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) and treated with MOE (50, 100, 200 mg/kg b.wt) for six weeks. The rats were randomly divided into normal (NC), T2DM, metformin (Met), low, middle (Mid), and high (Hig) does of MOE groups. After six weeks of continuous administration of MOE, the serum indices and tissue protein expression were determined, and the pathological changes in liver and pancreas tissues were observed. Animals were sacrificed; the splenic portion of their pancreas and serum were evaluated for histopathological and biochemical parameters respectively. Results: The results showed that compared with the type 2 diabetes mellitus group, the fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels in the serum of rats in the dose dependent MOE treatment groups were significantly (P<0.05). decreased, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) levels were noticeably increased. The expression of Fas ligand (FasL), cytochrome C (Cyt-c), and caspase-3 in pancreatic tissue was obviously decreased, and the pathological damage to the liver, kidney, and pancreas was improved. These indicate that MOE can reduce oxidative stress in rats with diabetes mellitus by improving blood lipid metabolism and enhancing their antioxidant capacity, thereby regulating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway to inhibitβ-cell apoptosis and improve β-cell function. The morphology of the pancreas of MOE-treated diabetic rats revealed remarkable improvements in the islet of Langerhans. Stereological studies also revealed that MOE-treatment remarkably improved volume of the pancreatic islets and the numerical density of β-cell (number of β-cells per unit area of islet) depleted by STZ diabetes. Conclusions: The study concluded that possible antidiabetic mechanism of MOE in STZ diabetes is through induction of β-cell regeneration and its strong antioxidant potential.

Protective Effect of Quercetin on Alcohol Abstinence-Induced Anxiety and Convulsions

S.K. Kulkarni,D. Joshi,P.S. Naidu,A. Singh 한국식품영양과학회 2005 Journal of medicinal food Vol.8 No.3

Chronic administration of ethanol (2 g/kg, p.o.) on days 16 and its withdrawal produced an anxiogenic reac-tion in mice as assessed in the mirrored-chamber test. Daily administration of quercetin (25 or 50 mg/kg, p.o.) prior to ethanolfor 6 days prevented withdrawal-induced anxiety in mice. However, acute administration of a single dose of quercetin (50mg/kg) to animals withdrawn from ethanol, i.e., on day 7, did not prevent withdrawal-induced anxiety. Ethanol withdrawalalso induced a significant increase in the locomotor activity of mice indicating an anxiogenic response. Daily administrationof quercetin (25 or 50 mg/kg, p.o.) prior to ethanol for 6 days prevented withdrawal-induced increased locomotor activity.Ethanol withdrawal also sensitized the convulsogenic reaction to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). A non-convulsive dose (4060mg/kg) of PTZ produced full-blown convulsions and increased mortality in ethanol-withdrawn mice. Both acute and chronicadministration of quercetin (25 or 50 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a significant protection against ethanol withdrawal-induced re-duction in PTZ threshold in mice. The result suggests the protective effect of this safe drug, quercetin, in the management ofethanol withdrawal reactions.

Engineering a novel bilayer membrane for bone defects regeneration

Tiwari, A.P.,Joshi, M.K.,Maharjan, B.,Ko, S.W.,Kim, J.I.,Park, C.H.,Kim, C.S. North-Holland 2016 Materials letters Vol.180 No.-

We report the fabrication of a novel bilayer scaffold as a barrier membrane via modified-solvent casting and evaporation technique for the regeneration of bone defects. The blended solution of polycaprolactone (PCL) and calcium carbonate (CaCO<SUB>3</SUB>) was treated with hydrochloric acid (HCL), which resulted in the in situ formation of carbon dioxide (CO<SUB>2</SUB>) and water. This led to the phase separation between the PCL and calcium-based compounds and subsequently to the formation of a bilayer membrane. Surface morphology, surface wettability, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis confirmed the formation of a bilayered construct with a PCL-rich thin layer on the upper surface and a calcium-rich porous layer on the lower surface. From the FE-SEM images, the PC30 membrane showed a smooth upper layer with pores less than 10@?m diameter, whereas the lower layer contained many interconnected larger pores up to 1000@?m diameter in addition to the visibly identified macrovoids. The cell adhesion assay showed that both surfaces of the membrane responded well to the cells. In addition, the upper surface prevented the down-growth of the fibroblasts. The initial results suggest a new strategy for the fabrication of the bilayer membrane for regenerative medicine.

Modifications of mechanical, thermal, and electrical characteristics of epoxy through dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in supercritical carbon dioxide

M.G.H. Zaidi,S.K. Joshi,M. Kumar,D. Sharma,A. Kumar,S. Alam,P.L. Sah 한국탄소학회 2013 Carbon Letters Vol.14 No.4

A supercritical carbon dioxide (SCC) process of dispersion of multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (MWCNTs) into epoxy resin has been developed to achieve MWCNT/epoxy com-posites (CECs) with improved mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. The synthesis of CECs has been executed at a MWCNT (phr) concentration ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 into epoxy resin (0.1 mol) at 1800 psi, 90°C, and 1500 rpm over 1 h followed by curing of the MWCNT/epoxy formulations with triethylene tetramine (15 phr). The effect of SCC treat-ment on the qualitative dispersion of MWCNTs at various concentrations into the epoxy has been investigated through spectra analyses and microscopy. The developed SCC assisted process provides a good dispersion of MWCNTs into the epoxy up to a MWCNT concentra-tion of 0.2. The effects of SCC assisted dispersion at various concentrations of MWCNTs on modificationof mechanical, thermal, dynamic mechanical thermal, and tribological proper-ties and the electrical conductivity of CECs have been investigated.

Effect of powder loading on the excitation temperature of a plasma jet in DC thermal plasma spray torch

G. Shanmugavelayutham,V. Selvarajan,P.V.A. Padmanabhan,K.P. Sreekumar,N.K. Joshi 한국물리학회 2007 Current Applied Physics Vol.7 No.2

A DC non-transferred mode plasma spray torch was fabricated for plasma spheroidization. The eect of powder-carrier gas and pow-der loading on the temperature of the plasma jet generated by the torch has been studied. The experiment was done at dierent inputparticles in the size range from 40 to 100l m were processed. The temperature of the jet was estimated after owing powder-carrier gasonly into the plasma jet and with powder-carrier gas feeding powder into the ame. On introduction of powder-carrier gas and powderloading the temperature of the jet was found to decrease appreciably down to 11%. The temperature of the plasma jet was estimatedusing the Atomic Boltzmann plot method.

Comparative study on nano-crystalline titanium dioxide catalyzed photocatalytic degradation of aromatic carboxylic acids in aqueous medium

P.A. Joshi,V.G. Gandhi,M.K. Mishra,M.S. Rao,A. Kumar,D.O. Shah 한국공업화학회 2011 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.17 No.2

The comparative study on titanium dioxide (TiO2) catalyzed photocatalytic degradation (PCD) of aqueous aromatic carboxylic acids (phthalic acid, o-nitrobenzoic acid, o-chlorobenzoic acid and benzoic acid) was carried out in the presence of UV radiation using air. The TiO2 catalyst, synthesized by sol–gel technique and calcined at 673 K, resulted ca. 100% anatase phase with 23 nm crystallite size and surface area of 37 m2/g. This catalyst was found to be efficient for PCD of phthalic acid, o-nitrobenzoic acid, ochlorobenzoic acid and benzoic acid in aqueous medium. However, the reactivity and degradation pathway of these carboxylic acids were observed to be greatly influenced by the substituent group present in the aromatic ring. The order of degradation of aromatic carboxylic acids was found to be phthalic acid > o-nitrobenzoic acid > o-chlorobenzoic acid > benzoic acid. The aromatic carboxylic acids having electron withdrawing groups such as –COOH, –NO2 and –Cl were comparatively more reactive for PCD than unsubstituted aromatic acid i.e., benzoic acid. The degradation of ortho substituted benzoic acids (having electron withdrawing groups) follows different mechanistic pathway than that of benzoic acid. Study of various operational parameters like effect of catalyst loading, initial concentration of phthalic acid and kinetics of phthalic acid PCD was also carried out in batch type photocatalytic reactor.

Electrospun bioactive poly (@?-caprolactone)-cellulose acetate-dextran antibacterial composite mats for wound dressing applications

Liao, N.,Unnithan, A.R.,Joshi, M.K.,Tiwari, A.P.,Hong, S.T.,Park, C.H.,Kim, C.S. Elsevier 2015 Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engi Vol.469 No.-

<P>Electrospun nanofibrous mat for wound dressing application was successfully prepared from poly (6caprolactone) (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA) and dextran blend solution. Incorporation of small amount of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), an antibacterial drug, improved the cell proliferation, enhanced blood clotting ability and cell attachment as well as antimicrobial activity of the composite mat. The composite mats were characterized by SEM, FTIR and TGA analysis. In order to evaluate the cytocompatibility and cell behavior of the composite scaffolds, fibroblast cells were seeded on the matrix. Results demonstrated that the incorporation of dextran and drug strongly enhanced the adhesion and proliferation of the cells on the composite nanofibers. The antimicrobial activity of the composite was studied by zone inhibition against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the result indicates high antibacterial activity. Therefore, as synthesized composite fiber have decent characteristics for wound dressing and skin engineering applications. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Non-covalent functionalization of graphene with poly(diallyl dimethylammonium) chloride: Effect of a non-ionic surfactant

Kaur, P.,Shin, M.S.,Sharma, N.,Kaur, N.,Joshi, A.,Chae, S.R.,Park, J.S.,Kang, M.S.,Sekhon, S.S. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.40 No.3

Carbon based nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, graphene etc) containing various hetero atoms are promising metal free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells. We report the non-covalent functionalization of graphene with poly(diallyl dimethylammonium) chloride (PDDA), a polyelectrolyte containing nitrogen, using a very simple method. The addition of a non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) during functionalization has been observed to improve the interactions between graphene and PDDA. An up-shift in the position of G-peak in the Raman spectra, down-shift in the binding energy (B.E.) of N1s peak and an up-shift in the B.E. of C1s peak in XPS spectra have been observed due to an inter-molecular charge-transfer from carbon in graphene to nitrogen in PDDA, which get enhanced in the presence of Triton X-100. Graphene functionalized with PDDA also show good thermal stability. The addition of a non-ionic surfactant enhances the non-covalent functionalization of graphene with PDDA, which is desirable from applications point of view.