Immobilization of DBU-based Ionic Liquid over Silicon Nanowires Microchannel and Its Use for Sustainable Chemistry

Niraj Kumar Vishwakarma,김동표 한국고분자학회 2016 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.41 No.1

Optimization of TOPCon Structured Solar Cell Using AFORS-HET

Niraj Anand,Paresh Kale 한국전기전자재료학회 2021 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.22 No.2

The tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) structured solar cell, improved version of fi rst-generation PERT solar cell, delivers the highest power conversion effi ciency, and is the most commercially available. The first-generation solar cell still suffers from recombination losses, which strongly impacts the conversion efficiency of the cell. To reduce the losses, efforts need to be made to suppress the recombination by passivating the rear junction using a dielectric layer, tunneling layer, along with an excellent field-effect passivation. The tunneling current is strongly dependent on the thickness of the dielectric layer, i.e., an increase in SiO 2 thickness results in the decrease of the tunneling current by more than one magnitude. Although raising the doping in the n + -Si layer enhances the tunneling probability of an electron, which allows for a thicker layer for better passivation. The paper discusses the results of a numerical simulation tool to study the impact of surface recombination on the performance of TOPCon solar cells. The solar cell is simulated at different surface recombination velocity observing typical solar cell parameters with varying tunnel oxide (SiO 2 ) thickness and doping of fi eld-eff ect passivation (n + -Si) to obtain the optimized value. Optimization of SiO 2 /n + -Si backside structure is essential to obtain a structure reaching a high theoretical efficiency.

A Comparison of Recurrent Neural Network for Forecasting Short Term Solar Irradiance

( Niraj Tamrakar ),( Jayanta Kumar Basak ),( Bhola Paudel ),( Nibas Chandra Deb ),( Hyeon Tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2023 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.1

Efficient and timely supply of renewable energy relies heavily on accurate solar irradiance forecasting. The study aims to develop reliable short-term solar irradiance prediction models with a 5-minute time interval, using five different variants of recurrent neural networks (RNN). These models include long-short term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU), simple RNN, bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM), and bidirectional GRU (Bi-GRU). The first three models are unidirectional, while the last two are bidirectional RNNs. The dataset used in this study spans 26 months of highly volatile weather conditions in Jinju city, South Korea. To achieve effective results, careful experimentation and selection of five hyper-parameters for each model were conducted. Additionally, the models were tested with varying levels of depth and width, and evaluated using a 9-fold cross-validation method to account for the high variability in the seasonal time-series dataset. Notably, the Bi-GRU model produced the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) and the highest R2 values of 46.1 and 0.958, respectively, and also incurred the lowest computational cost at 5.25*105 seconds per trainable parameter per epoch. In the 9-fold cross-validation test, all five models showed different performances across the four seasons, but on average, the bidirectional RNNs and the simple RNN model demonstrated high robustness with less data and high temporal data variability. However, the stronger architectures of the bidirectional models make their results more reliable.

Classification of Pig Behaviour Experiencing Impaired Air Quality Due to Elevated GHG Concentration

( Niraj Tamrakar ),( Jayanta Kumar Basak ),( Nibas Chandra Deb ),( Sijan Karki ),( Myeongyong Kang ),( Daeyeong Kang ),( Seong Woo Jeon ),( Hyeon Tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2023 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.2

Pig welfare and health are the primary concerns in livestock management. Pig behaviors serve as important early indicators of pig stress. This research utilizes AI-based computer vision with a top-view RGB camera to monitor the behavior of pigs. The pigs were detected in an experimental pig barn using a CNN-based deep learning model, and pig motions were tracked in real-time using the Deep SORT algorithm. This approach helps segment different pig postures and assigns an activity score based on activity tracking. Various CNN-based deep learning models (Yolov7, Faster R-CNN, SSD ResNet101) were implemented to detect pigs in different postures. When comparing different pig identification and posture detection models, Yolov7 was found to be the fastest and most accurate, with a mean average precision (MAP) of 97.84%. Similarly, the accuracy of multiple object tracking was 93.2%, and the precision was 81.4% for the tracking algorithm. The study observed behavioral changes in both groups and individuals due to the natural elevation of GHG concentration in the experimental pig barn. Higher GHG concentrations were found to have a negative correlation with pig postures like standing, walking, and sternal lying activities, whereas lateral lying had a positive correlation.

Hematological and biochemical reference intervals of wild-caught and inhouse adult Indian rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Niraj A. Shah,Laxit K. Bhatt,Rajesh J. Patel,Tushar M. Patel,Nayankumar V. Patel,Harshida G. Trivedi,Nilam R. Patel,Jitendra H. Patel,Satish D. Patel,Rajesh S. Sundar,Mukul R. Jain 한국실험동물학회 2022 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.38 No.4

Background: Nonhuman primates are used for research purposes such as studying diseases and drug discovery and development programs. Various clinical pathology parameters are used as biomarkers of disease conditions in biomedical research. Detailed reports of these parameters are not available for Indian-origin rhesus macaques. To meet the increasing need for information, we conducted this study on 121 adult Indian rhesus macaques (57 wild-sourced and 64 inhouse animals, aged 3–7 years). A total of 18 hematology and 18 biochemistry parameters were evaluated and reported in this study. Data from these parameters were statistically evaluated for significance amongst inhouse and wild-born animals and for differences amongst sexes. The reference range was calculated according to C28-A3 guidelines for reporting reference intervals of clinical laboratory parameters. Results: Source of the animals and sex appeared to have statistically significant effects on reference values and range. Wild-born animals reported higher WBC, platelets, neutrophils, RBC, hemoglobin, HCT, MCV, and total protein values in comparison to inhouse monkeys. Sex-based differences were observed for parameters such as RBCs, hemoglobin, HCT, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, albumin, and total protein amongst others. Conclusions: Through this study, we have established a comprehensive data set of reference values and intervals for certain hematological and biochemical parameters which will help researchers in planning, conducting, and interpreting various aspects of biomedical research employing Indian-origin rhesus monkeys.

Pediatric Hemichorea-Hemiballismus Associated with Nonketotic Hyperglycemia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Niraj Kumari,Ved Prakash 대한파킨슨병및이상운동질환학회 2021 Journal Of Movement Disorders Vol.14 No.3

HNKH is an uncommon choreo-ballistic movement disorder that is commonly reported in elderly females. It may rarely occur in the pediatric age group, even as an initial manifestation of DM. Early recognition and prompt management of serum glucose, with symptomatic therapy for involuntary movements, often result in complete clinical improvement in the majority of cases.

Immune response and efficacy of pigeon pox virus vaccine and fowl pox virus vaccine in chickens

( Niraj Kanti Shil ),( Md Siddique Rahman ),( MT Hossain ),( MT Islam ),( MM Rahman ),( KBM Saiful Islam ),( Se Yeoun Cha ),( Hyung Kwan Jang ),( Hee Jong Song ) 한국동물위생학회 2007 한국동물위생학회지 (KOJVS) Vol.30 No.4

The humoral immune response of chicken vaccinated with fowl and pigeon pox virus vaccines was determined with the protective potentiality of the two vaccines in field condition of Bangladesh. Different aged Fayoumi chicks were subjected for the study. To assess the relationship with better immune response among experimental groups, the average percentage of ``take reaction`` was examined and recorded to 97.77% in group A, 93.33% in group B and 100.0% in group C. The level of immune status induced by different vaccinated group was measured by passive hemaggluti?nation(PHA) microplate test method. The mean PHA titer levels after primary vaccination were 33.06±14.13 in group A, 32.0±14.81 in group B, and 33.0±13.66 in group C. Following booster vaccination, the mean PHA titer levels in prior of challenge were increased to 55.46±14.64 in groups A and C, and 46.93±16.52 in group B. The recorded PHA titer levels of each group at two weeks after challenge were significantly increased to 106.66±31.22, 93.86±33.04 and 110.93±29.29, respectively. The PHA titer levels after vaccination and challenge were significantly increased compared to pre?vaccination titer levels(P<0.01). Although the PHA titer levels among three groups administrated different vaccine combinations in prior of challenge were significantly varied(P<0.01), it was observed that all of the vaccinated chicks were highly protected against challenge infection.

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Endangered Medicinal Plant Species Coleus forskohlii Collected from Central India

Niraj Tripathi,Sharad Tiwari,Navinder Saini 한국작물학회 2013 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.16 No.4

In recent years, Coleus forskohlii has been considered plant as an important medicinal. Because of the continuous collection ofroots from the wild sources, this plant has been included in the list of endangered species. This has necessitated the use of biotechnologyin conservation and sustainable management of this endangered plant species. Morphological and molecular characterization ofthis herb will enhance our understanding in improving the optimal yields of Forskolin through breeding. To assess the morphologicaland molecular genetic diversity in 18 C. forskohlii genotypes collected from different places of central India, RAPD, ISSR, andAFLP marker systems were employed. Eleven RAPD, ten ISSRs and eight AFLP primers produced 101, 80, and 483 fragments,respectively. Among the three marker system used in this study, RAPD and ISSR showed 61.39 and 68.75% polymorphism, respectively,while eight AFLP primer combinations produced 70.81% polymorphism. UPGMA cluster analysis method group genotypesin two clusters with all marker systems separately and after combined analysis. Results show that both morphological and molecularfactors are effective in observing variations. Our results also indicate that the RAPD, ISSR, and AFLP approaches, along with pharmaceuticallyimportant morphological trait analysis, seemed to be best-suited for assessing the genetic relationships among distinctC. Forskohlii genotypes with high accuracy.

Integrative Tracking Control Strategy for Robotic Excavation

Niraj Reginald,Jaho Seo,Moohyun Cha 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2021 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.19 No.10

Automated excavation is hard to achieve due to several inherent problems such as resistive force acting against the bucket, non-homogenous dynamics of various excavation media, and nonlinearities of the excavator’s hydraulics system. To deal with this issue, this paper provides an integrative control strategy for successful autonomous excavation that considers the mutually associated factors, i.e., position, contour, and force control. For the position tracking, a non-linear PI controller was designed to track the position of individual actuators of the excavator and thereby control the bucket tip’s position. In addition, the contour control technique was applied to achieve an optimal excavation path to minimize contour errors. Finally, to compensate for the ground resistive force during digging tasks, a force impedance controller was designed along with the time-delayed control that reducesthe effect of dynamic uncertainties. Experimental results with a modified mini-wheeled excavator show that the developed integrative tracking control strategy can provide a comprehensive solution to improving the tracking performance for autonomous excavation that can simultaneously deal with the critical components of position, contour, and force control.

Switch on and off catalysis of toxic metals in microreactor using heteroarm star copolymer

Niraj Vishwakarma,Dong-Pyo Kim 한국고분자학회 2017 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.42 No.2