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ALUMINA POWDER PREPARED BY THE HYDROLYSIS OF AL-PROPOXIDE IN THE SUPERCRITICAL FLUID OF PROPANOL
Nakagawa, Nakagawa, Z.,Enomoto, Enomoto, N.,Nomura, Nomura, S.,Kim, Kim, D.W.,Lim, Lim, D.Y. 한국재료학회 1995 Fabrication and Characterization of Advanced Mater Vol.2 No.4
Al-isopropoxide dispersed into isopropanol was heated in an autoclave above the critical point of propanol(23$5^{\circ}C$, 4.7MPa). Propanol coexisting Al-isopropoxide produced some water during the condensation reaction to isopropul ether, while only propanol did not change under that conditions. This water hydrolyzed Al-isopropoxide to form an alumina at 30$5^{\circ}C$ and 11.0MPa. This alumina had a similar X-ray diffraction pattern of $\chi$-alumina. The heating treatment showed the aluminal transformed directly to ${\alpha}$-alumina around 110$0^{\circ}C$, not to pass via any other intermediate aluminas. The aluminal was named pseudo $\chi$-alumina as a new phase. As-prepared alumina was fine powder of about 20nm, and had about 5% weight loss in the temperature range from 30$0^{\circ}C$ to 65$0^{\circ}C$, and the IR spectral showed no constitutional water.
ASIA SPINE: The Past, Present, and Future
신동아,김영수,Hiroshi Nakagawa,서정근,김세훈 대한척추신경외과학회 2018 Neurospine Vol.15 No.1
The sharing of international academic accomplishment and friendship is important; furthermore, to better understand and anticipate the future, we should look back and remember where we started. Regarding ASIA SPINE, the authors aimed to record how the pioneers of Asian spinal surgery started this spine meeting series more than 20 years ago and that later developed into the present state of the conference. The authors will also explore the possible future of this conference. In June 1996, when Professor Hiroshi Nakagawa organized the 11th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Spinal Surgery, spinal neurosurgeons from Korea and Japan including Professor Young Soo Kim, Professor Jung Keun Suh, and Professor Nakagawa discussed the establishment of a multinational conference on spinal surgery via a partnership between the 2 countries. Finally, from September 18 to 20, 1997, the First Biennial Meeting of the Japan-Korea Conference on Spinal Surgery was held in Nagoya, Japan, with Professor Hiroshi Nakagawa as the first organizing President. From then, a biennial meeting was held every other year in Korea or Japan until 2009. In September 2010, the next generation of spinal neurosurgeons decided to organize the first meeting of ASIA SPINE in Incheon, Korea, in order to represent all Asian spine specialists. This meeting has been since held annually around the region including in Taiwan. Remembering the pioneers in the field of spinal surgery is invaluable and extremely important. The authors hope that interest in ASIA SPINE will further expand to other nations in Asia who have advanced philosophies and refined technologies. We wish ASIA SPINE continued success and the ability to promote prolonged international friendship among the Asian countries.
ASTROMETRIC OBSERVATION OF MIRA VARIABLES WITH VERA
NAKAGAWA, AKIHARU,OMODAKA, TOSHIHIRO,HANDA, TOSHIHIRO,KAMEZAKI, TATSUYA,PROJECT, VERA The Korean Astronomical Society 2015 天文學論叢 Vol.30 No.2
The calibration of the period luminosity relation (PLR) for Galactic Mira variables is one of the principle aims of the VERA project. We observe $H_2O$ maser emission at 22 GHz associated with Mira variables in order to determine their distances based on annual parallaxes. We conduct multi-epoch VLBI observations over 1-2 years with a typical interval of one month using VERA in order to obtain annual parallaxes with an accuracy of better than than 10%. Recently, the annnual parallax of T Lep was determined to be $3.06{\pm}0.04$ mas corresponding to a distance of $327{\pm}4pc$ (Nakagawa et al., 2014). The circumstellar distribution and kinematics of $H_2O$ masers was also revealed. With accurate distances to the sources, calibrations of K-band absolute magnitudes ($M_K$) can be improved compared to conventional studies. By compiling Mira variables whose distances were determined with astrometric VLBI, we obtained a PLR of $M_K=3.51logP+1.37{\pm}0.07$.
Downregulation of bcl-xL Is Relevant to UV-induced Apoptosis in Fibroblasts
Nakagawa, Yuki,Okada, Seiji,Hatano, Masahiko,Ebara, Masaaki,Saisho, Hiromitsu,Tokuhisa, Takeshi Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2002 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.35 No.5
Exposure to ultraviolet light (UV) induces apoptosis in mammalian cells, The caspase group of proteases is required for the appotosis. This pathway is initiated by a release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. Several Bcl-2 family proteins can regulate the release of cytochrome c by stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane. Here we show that expression of the endogenous bcl-xL was strongly downregulated in NIH3T3 cells within 2 h after UV-C irradiation, and that of bax was upregulated from 8 h after irradiation. Apoptosis was induced in more than 50% of the NIH3T3 cells 48 h after irradiation. Constitutive overexpression of bcl-xL in NIH3T3 cells protected the UV-induced apoptosis by preventing the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the activation of caspase 9. There results suggest that downregulation of Bcl-xL is relevant to UV-induced apoptosis of tibroblasts.
Nakagawa, Takayuki,Kudoh, Keiko,Fukuda, Naoyuki,Kasugai, Shohei,Tachikawa, Noriko,Koyano, Kiyoshi,Matsushita, Yasuyuki,Sasaki, Masanori,Ishikawa, Kunio,Miyamoto, Youji Korean Academy of Periodontology 2019 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.49 No.6
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the efficacy and safety of carbonate apatite (CO<sub>3</sub>Ap) granules in 2-stage sinus floor augmentation through the radiographic and histomorphometric assessment of bone biopsy specimens. Methods: Two-stage sinus floor augmentation was performed on 13 patients with a total of 17 implants. Radiographic assessment using panoramic radiographs was performed immediately after augmentation and was also performed 2 additional times, at 7±2 months and 18±2 months post-augmentation, respectively. Bone biopsy specimens taken from planned implant placement sites underwent micro-computed tomography, after which histological sections were prepared. Results: Postoperative healing of the sinus floor augmentation was uneventful in all cases. The mean preoperative residual bone height was 3.5±1.3 mm, and this was increased to 13.3±1.7 mm by augmentation with the CO<sub>3</sub>Ap granules. The mean height of the augmented site had decreased to 10.7±1.9 mm by 7±2 months after augmentation; however, implants with lengths in the range of 6.5 to 11.5 mm could still be placed. The mean height of the augmented site had decreased to 9.6±1.4 mm by 18±2 months post-augmentation. No implant failure or complications were observed. Few inflammatory cells or foreign body giant cells were observed in the bone biopsy specimens. Although there were individual differences in the amount of new bone detected, new bone was observed to be in direct contact with the CO<sub>3</sub>Ap granules in all cases, without an intermediate layer of fibrous tissue. The amounts of bone and residual CO<sub>3</sub>Ap were 33.8%±15.1% and 15.3%±11.9%, respectively. Conclusions: In this first demonstration, low-crystalline CO<sub>3</sub>Ap granules showed excellent biocompatibility, and bone biopsy showed them to be replaced with bone in humans. CO<sub>3</sub>Ap granules are a useful and safe bone substitute for two-stage sinus floor augmentation.
Nakagawa Tsutomu 한국막학회 1994 멤브레인 Vol.4 No.1
The development of separation technology is an important research subject as is clear from its role in the Japanese government's research and development program for basic technology for the next generation(1981~1990). Japan is poor not only in mineral resources but also in energy resources and if a sudden change occurs in oil producing facility or an accident occurs in a nuclear power plant, then energy policy must undergo changes and economic foundations may collapse. Japan has already experienced this. Although, oil prices are stable at present and Japan can import oil at low cost due to the yen appreciation, Japan needs to promote development work for any new energy crisis that may come in the future. This has been the motive for gas separation membrane development in Japan. The study of gas permeation through polymer membranes, which is the basis for membranes for gas separation, at Japanese universities began many years ago, but interest in membranes for gas separation was aroused mainly by the Government. The development of gas separation membranes in Japan started with membranes for oxygen separation on an industrial scale.
Nakagawa Mariko 한국국제경제학회 2020 International Economic Journal Vol.34 No.2
In this study, we analyze how skill transferability from an origin country to a destination country characterized by lower productivity, affects skilled worker migration, by using a multi-country new economic geography model proposed by Gasper et al. (2018). Specifically, we explain how countries that are less frictional in terms of skill transfer attract more high-skilled international migrants. The analysis, which is based on asymmetric skill transferability among countries that can be divided into two groups – those with smooth skill transferability for migrants and those with less smooth skill transferability – finds that countries with smooth skill transferability are more likely to be the industrial core attracting all skilled workers. We also find that lower frictional migration costs from a country with less smooth skill transferability to a country with smooth skill transferability always accelerates industrial agglomeration in the smooth skill transferability core country, while lower frictional migration costs between smooth skill transferability countries does not necessarily accelerate industrial agglomeration in a country with smooth skill transferability due to market crowding effects.
Nakagawa, Toshiko,Suzuki, Kazuo,Haga, Akira,Hayakawa, Naoya Journal of International Conference on Electrical 2013 Journal of international Conference on Electrical Vol.2 No.4
The authors study a novel type of elevator emergency stop device which enables to soften impact force at an emergency halt. A new structure of emergency stop devices has been already proposed by our laboratory and also its characteristics has been already proposed by our laboratory and also its characteristics has been shown by digital simulations[1]. In order to confirm the actual effects of our proposed emergency stop device, we have made up a simulator having the same characteristics as the conventional emergency stop device to accomplish the experiments from now on. In this paper, this process is introduced.