Spinal Cord Tumors of the Thoracolumbar Junction Requiring Surgery: A Retrospective Review of Clinical Features and Surgical Outcome

신동아,김상현,김긍년,신현철,윤도흠 연세대학교의과대학 2007 Yonsei medical journal Vol.48 No.6

Purpose: A retrospective review of medical records and imaging studies. To investigate characteristic clinical features and surgical outcomes of spinal cord tumors (SCTs) of the thoracolumbar junction (TLJ). The spinal cord transitions to the cauda equina in the TLJ. The TLJ contains the upper and lower motor neurons of the spinal cord and cauda equina. As a result, the clinical features of lesions in the TLJ vary, and these anatomical characteristics may affect surgical outcome. Materials and Methods: Pathological diagnosis, clinical features, neurological signs, and surgical outcomes were investigated in 76 patients surgically treated at our institute for SCTs arising from T11 to L2. The patients were divided into epiconus (T11-12, n=18) and conus groups (L1-2, n=58). Results: Patients in the epiconus group had hyperactive deep tendon reflexes (DTRs), while those in the conus group had hypoactive DTRs (p<0.05). Nine patients were misdiagnosed with intervertebral disc diseases (IVDs) before correct diagnoses were made. It was impossible to definitively determine the exact cause of symptoms in four patients who had both SCTs and IVDs. Conclusion: Among SCTs of the TLJ, the epiconus group displayed upper motor neuron syndrome and the conus group displayed lower motor neuron syndrome. SCTs of the TLJ were frequently misdiagnosed as IVDs due to symptomatic similarities. SCTs of the TLJ should be included in differential diagnosis of back and leg pain, and it is highly recommended that routine lumbar magnetic resonance imaging include the TLJ.

뮤지컬 <레미제라블>의 독백 노래 분석을 통한 심리적 분절 연구

신동아,김학민 한국융합과학회 2024 한국융합과학회지 Vol.13 No.8

연구목적 본 연구는 뮤지컬 <레미제라블(Les Misérables)>(1980)의 독백 노래 분석을 통해 ‘심리적 분절(psychological articulation)’의 면모를 탐구하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구방법 심리적 분절은현대 음악극 연구자 니나 펜너(Nina Penner)가 제시한 음악극 노래 서사의 분석 개념으로, 노래의음악과 가사에 표현된 인물의 마음이나 생각, 감정 등 다양한 ‘심리적’ 양상들이 일정한 세부 단위들로 ‘분절’될 수 있다는 전제를 토대로 방법을 적용한다. 본 연구는 이 개념이 뮤지컬 노래 서사에중요한 분석의 틀이 될 수 있다고 보고, <레미제라블>의 특정 노래들에 이 개념을 적용해 극과 음악의 분석을 하였다. 심리적 분절 개념은 창작자가 뮤지컬 노래를 통해 어떤 의미를 전달하려 했는지를이해할 수 있으며, 노래 부르는 인물의 내적, 외적 행동의 실체가 무엇인지를 파악하는데 효과적인분석 모델이 될 수 있다. 결과 연구 결과는 노래의 ‘심리적 분절’ 개념을 활용한 음악 및 가사 분석은창작자가 캐릭터들의 복잡한 내면세계와 감정 및 생각의 흐름을 섬세하고 극적인 방식으로 ‘분절’하였음을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론 노래의 심리적 분절은 음악과 가사가 상호작용을 한 결과로, 극적의미와 음악적 의미를 동시적으로 만족시킨 노래의 경우, 캐릭터의 심리변화와 행동의 세부를 의미심장하게 드러낼 뿐 아니라, 심리적 진정성과 감정의 강도라고 하는 노래의 이중적 가치를 동시에 만족시킬 수 있음을 파악할 수 있었다. Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the aspects of "psychological articulation" through the analysis of soliloquy songs in the musical <Les Misérables> (1980). Methods Psychological articulation is an analytical concept of musical drama narrative proposed by contemporary music drama researcher Nina Penner. It is based on the premise that various "psychological" nuances—such as the character's mind, thoughts, and emotions expressed in the music and lyrics of songs—can be "articulated" into discrete units. This study posits that this concept can serve as a crucial analytical framework for musical song narratives and applies it to specific songs in <Les Misérables> to analyze both the drama and the music. The concept of psychological articulation helps to understand what meanings the creators intended to convey through musical songs and can effectively model the internal and external behaviors of the characters performing the songs. Results The findings reveal that the analysis of music and lyrics using the concept of psychological articulation elucidates how the creators meticulously and dramatically "articulated" the complex inner worlds and the flow of emotions and thoughts of the characters. Conclusion The psychological articulation in the songs, emerging from the interplay between music and lyrics, indicates that songs which simultaneously satisfy both dramatic and musical meanings can deeply and meaningfully expose the subtleties of the character's psychological changes and actions while also fulfilling the dual values of psychological authenticity and emotional intensity.

A Case of Extensive Spinal Cysticercosis Involving the Whole Spinal Canal in a Patient with a History of Cerebral Cysticercosis

신동아,신현철 연세대학교의과대학 2009 Yonsei medical journal Vol.50 No.4

Although cysticercosis is the most common parasitic disease affecting the central nervous system, spinal cysticercosis is rare. A rare form of spinal cysticercosis involving the whole spinal canal is presented. A 45-year-old Korean male had a history of intracranial cysticercosis and showed progressive paraparesis. Spinal magnetic resonance scan showed multiple cysts compressing the spinal cord from C1 to L1. Three different levels (C1-2, T1-3, and T11-L1) required operation. Histopathological examination confirmed cysticercosis. The patient improved markedly after surgery.

두경부 T 세포 림프종 환자에서 발생한 진행성 다초점성 백질뇌병증 - 증 례 보 고 -

신동아,장종희,장진우,박용구,김태승,정상섭,Shin, Dong Ah,Chang, Jong Hee,Chang, Jin Woo,Park, Yong Gou,Kim, Tai Seung,Chung, Sang Sup 대한신경외과학회 2000 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.29 No.12

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy(PML) is a fatal demyelinating disease that occurs in immunocompromised hosts. We report a case of PML that developed in patient with T cell lymphoma of head and neck. During chemotherapy for lymphoma, she was confused and had memory impairment. A magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed confluent signal change at white matter of the frontal lobe, insula, and anterior limb and genu of internal capsule. The lesion was confirmed with brain biopsy and the histopathological finding was compatible with PML.

뮤지컬 <넥스트 투 노멀>에 나타난 리프라이즈 연구

신동아 인문콘텐츠학회 2024 인문콘텐츠 Vol.0 No.73

본 연구의 목적은 뮤지컬 <넥스트 투 노멀(Next to normal)>(2008)에서 나타나는 리프라이즈 분석을 통해 그 기능과 효과를 연구하는 데 있다. 뮤지컬에서의 ‘리프라이즈(Reprise)’는 극 초반에 나왔던 노래가 재 등장하는 노래로, 단순한 가사나 멜로디의 반복 이상의 의미를 지닌다. 연구자는 <넥스트 투 노멀>을 연구 대상으로 리프라이즈의 복합적 기능과 의미를 음악 이론, 서사학, 및 들뢰즈의 차이와 반복의 개념을 토대로 탐구하였다. 그 결과. 리프라이즈가 단순한 음악적, 서사적 반복 이상의 다층적이고 깊이 있는 기능을 수행함을 밝혀냈다. 또한, 캐릭터의 내면적 변화와 극적 상황의 변화를 음악적으로 반영하며, 이야기의 깊이를 발전시키고, 감정적 반응을 강화하며, 음악적 통일성과 주제를 강조하는데, 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 연구의 결과는 뮤지컬 작품의 분석과 이해에 새로운 관점을 제공하며, 뮤지컬 창작에 있어 리프라이즈를 활용한 새로운 접근 방법을 모색하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the functions and effects of reprises in the musical “Next to Normal” through analysis. In musicals, a reprise involves the reemergence of a song from the early stages of the production, carrying a significance beyond simple lyrical or melodic repetition. The researcher explored the complex functions and meanings of reprises in “Next to Normal” using concepts from music theory, narratology, and Deleuze’s ideas about repetition and difference. The results revealed that reprises perform multi-layered and profound functions beyond mere musical and narrative repetition. Additionally, they musically reflect internal character changes and dramatic transformations, deepen the story’s complexity, enhance emotional responses, and underscore musical unity and themes, playing a significant role. The findings from this study offer a fresh perspective for analyzing and understanding musical works, as well as suggesting new approaches for utilizing reprises in musical creation.

요추간판탈출증의 수술 전 보존적 치료 기간과 각종 수술 방법의 과학적 근거에 대한 분석

신동아,김은상,임승철 대한척추신경외과학회 2009 Neurospine Vol.6 No.3

Background: The purpose of this study was 1) to review the length of an adequate period of conservative treatment and the appropriate surgical indications for herniated lumbar disc (HLD), 2) to collate the scientific evidences on surgeries for HLD, and 3) to collect expert opinions on HLD. Methods: We searched for articles in PubMed, the Cochrane Library and KoreaMed up to 1 October 2008, and these articles were concerned with the natural history of HDL, systemic reviews of HDL and expert opinions on HLD. We also searched for meta-analyses and randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials (RCTs or QRCTs) of surgery for HLD. We performed a meta-analysis using the Cochrane method. The survey consisting of 21 questions was delivered to all the members of the Korean Spinal Neurosurgery Society (KSNS) via E-mail. Results: A total of 59 articles were included in this study. There were 16 articles concerning the period of conservative management and the surgical indications. Among the 33 articles on surgery for HLD, there were 4 meta-analyses, 27 RCTs, and 2 QRCTs. Among the 938 members of the KSNS, 72 responded to the survey. A minimum of 1 to 3 months of conservative management was the most preferred answer (58%), followed by a conservative management period of less than 1 month (33%). Percutaneous endoscopic discectomy was more preferred by the hospitals that specialized in spinetreatment than by the university hospitals (p<0.05). Conclusion: Conservative management for a minimum of 2 weeks to 3 months is recommended for patients with tolerable pain only. The patients with neurological compromise or intolerable pain should be considered for surgery. There is strong evidence on the relative effectiveness of surgical discectomy versus chemonucleolysis versus placebo. There is no scientific evidence on the effectiveness of any other form of minimally invasive procedure. Background: The purpose of this study was 1) to review the length of an adequate period of conservative treatment and the appropriate surgical indications for herniated lumbar disc (HLD), 2) to collate the scientific evidences on surgeries for HLD, and 3) to collect expert opinions on HLD. Methods: We searched for articles in PubMed, the Cochrane Library and KoreaMed up to 1 October 2008, and these articles were concerned with the natural history of HDL, systemic reviews of HDL and expert opinions on HLD. We also searched for meta-analyses and randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials (RCTs or QRCTs) of surgery for HLD. We performed a meta-analysis using the Cochrane method. The survey consisting of 21 questions was delivered to all the members of the Korean Spinal Neurosurgery Society (KSNS) via E-mail. Results: A total of 59 articles were included in this study. There were 16 articles concerning the period of conservative management and the surgical indications. Among the 33 articles on surgery for HLD, there were 4 meta-analyses, 27 RCTs, and 2 QRCTs. Among the 938 members of the KSNS, 72 responded to the survey. A minimum of 1 to 3 months of conservative management was the most preferred answer (58%), followed by a conservative management period of less than 1 month (33%). Percutaneous endoscopic discectomy was more preferred by the hospitals that specialized in spinetreatment than by the university hospitals (p<0.05). Conclusion: Conservative management for a minimum of 2 weeks to 3 months is recommended for patients with tolerable pain only. The patients with neurological compromise or intolerable pain should be considered for surgery. There is strong evidence on the relative effectiveness of surgical discectomy versus chemonucleolysis versus placebo. There is no scientific evidence on the effectiveness of any other form of minimally invasive procedure.

Effect of surface sealant on surface roughness of dental composite with different surface roughness

신동아,진선주,배꽃별,황인남 대한턱관절교합학회 2023 구강회복응용과학지 Vol.39 No.4

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of surface sealants on the surface roughness of composite resins. Materials and Methods: The study used microfilled composite resin (Metafil CX, Sun Medical Co.) and hybrid composite resin (Aelite™ LS posterior, Bisco). Sixty specimens (8 mm in diameter and 4 mm in height) of each composite resin type were prepared and divided into 3 groups. Each specimen was ground with 600, 1000, and 2000-grit sandpaper. The Surface roughness (Ra) values were measured using a surface roughness tester (SJ-301, Mytutoyo) before and after surface sealant application. Surface sealants, BisCover™ LV (Bisco), Optiguard® (Kerr), and Seal-n-Shine™ (Pulpdent), were applied to the specimens, as instructed and observed by scanning electron microscope (JSM-7500, JEOL) and atomic force microscope (MultiMode IV, Veeco Instruments). Results: Specimens ground with 600-grit sandpaper coated with surface sealants exhibited significantly lower Ra values than the untreated group (P < 0.05). Specimens ground with 1000 and 2000-grit sandpaper showed statistically no difference. There was no significant difference in surface roughness among BisCover™ LV, Optiguard®, and Seal-n-Shine™. SEM and AFM revealed remarkably decreased micro-defects on the surfaces of composite resins after surface sealant application. Conclusion: Surface sealants can influence surface roughness when applied on the rough surface of composite resins but not on highly polished composite resins.

ASIA SPINE: The Past, Present, and Future

신동아,김영수,Hiroshi Nakagawa,서정근,김세훈 대한척추신경외과학회 2018 Neurospine Vol.15 No.1

The sharing of international academic accomplishment and friendship is important; furthermore, to better understand and anticipate the future, we should look back and remember where we started. Regarding ASIA SPINE, the authors aimed to record how the pioneers of Asian spinal surgery started this spine meeting series more than 20 years ago and that later developed into the present state of the conference. The authors will also explore the possible future of this conference. In June 1996, when Professor Hiroshi Nakagawa organized the 11th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Spinal Surgery, spinal neurosurgeons from Korea and Japan including Professor Young Soo Kim, Professor Jung Keun Suh, and Professor Nakagawa discussed the establishment of a multinational conference on spinal surgery via a partnership between the 2 countries. Finally, from September 18 to 20, 1997, the First Biennial Meeting of the Japan-Korea Conference on Spinal Surgery was held in Nagoya, Japan, with Professor Hiroshi Nakagawa as the first organizing President. From then, a biennial meeting was held every other year in Korea or Japan until 2009. In September 2010, the next generation of spinal neurosurgeons decided to organize the first meeting of ASIA SPINE in Incheon, Korea, in order to represent all Asian spine specialists. This meeting has been since held annually around the region including in Taiwan. Remembering the pioneers in the field of spinal surgery is invaluable and extremely important. The authors hope that interest in ASIA SPINE will further expand to other nations in Asia who have advanced philosophies and refined technologies. We wish ASIA SPINE continued success and the ability to promote prolonged international friendship among the Asian countries.

고콜레스테롤식이와 솔잎분말 첨가식이 섭취 시 수영운동이 혈중 콜레스테롤 및 염증성 사이토카인에 미치는 영향

신동아,서효빈,정석호,남주옥,최승식,김도헌,권태동 한국체육과학회 2020 한국체육과학회지 Vol.29 No.3

The purpose of this study is to examine how a pine needle powder-added diet and swimming exercise influence blood profile and inflammatory cytokine in a high cholesterol diet. 42 male Sprague-Dawley rats were made to practice a pine needle powder-added diet and swimming exercise along with a high cholesterol diet for six weeks. Concerning the results of blood lipids, the TG content was significantly low in the HCPNE, and LDL-C was significantly high in the EX compared with the CON and EX and HDL-C was s tatistically s ignificantly high in the EX. According to the results of TNF-α concentration in the change of inflammatory cytokine, the HC, HCE, and HCPN indicated significantly higher concentration than the CON and EX, and according to the results of NFκB concentration, no significant difference was found. According to the results of IL-6 concentration, compared with the CON, the EX and HCPNE were found to be significantly low. herefore, according to the results of this study, the exercise and pine needle powder-added diet activated AMPK and the acceleration of blood profile as the result of the, and this led to the decrease of fat synthesis. Moreover, regarding the results of pine needle powder intake in the diet, pharmacological compounds contained in pine needles such as phenols and flavonoids are thought to influence blood profile, anti-inflammatory positively. This author deems that the results of this study provide foundational material regarding the influence of exercise and pine needle powder-added diet’s complex treatment on anti-obesity improvements.

뮤지컬 <마이 페어 레이디>에 나타난 캐릭터 송의 기능과 효과

신동아,김학민 경희대학교(국제캠퍼스) 예술디자인연구원 2023 예술· 디자인학연구 Vol.26 No.2

This study was performed to investigate the functions and effects of the character songs in a musical, <My Fair Lady>(1956). Character songs play an important role in the musical not only by expressing the characters but also by multiple functions. To do so, character songs of the main characters in <My Fair Lady> were selected and the functions and effects of them were analyzed. The analysis results revealed that the character songs expressed their individuality and personality and dealt with the value, identity, desire, lack, and so on. In addition, they played the important role of sympathy by highlighting and expressing the inner state and feeling of the characters and developing the emotional bondage with the audience. Besides, the character songs provided the turning point of the story by expressing their growth and changes, which contributed the overall flow and progression of the story. These results would offer the understanding and insight on the functions and effects of the character songs in other musicals beside <My Fair Lady>, and be utilized as the crucial reference to open the new area in the studies of the arts and musical.