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Li, Jingchao,Koo, Na-Youn,Cho, Ik-Hyun,Kwon, Tae-Hwan,Choi, Se-Young,Lee, Sung J.,Oh, Seog B.,Kim, Joong-Soo,Park, Kyungpyo American Physiological Society 2006 American journal of physiology, Gastrointestinal a Vol.291 No.6
<P>Patterns of salivary HCO3<SUP>−</SUP>secretion vary and depend on species and gland types. However, the identities of the transporters involved in HCO3<SUP>−</SUP>transport and the underlying mechanism of intracellular pH (pHi) regulation in salivary glands still remain unclear. In this study, we examined the expression of the Na<SUP>+</SUP>-HCO3<SUP>−</SUP>cotransporter (NBC) and its role in pHiregulation in guinea pig salivary glands, which can serve as an experimental model to study HCO3<SUP>−</SUP>transport in human salivary glands. RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and pHimeasurements from BCECF-AM-loaded cells were performed. The amiloride-sensitive Na<SUP>+</SUP>/H<SUP>+</SUP>exchanger (NHE) played a putative role in pHiregulation in salivary acinar cells and also appeared to be involved in regulation in salivary ducts. In addition to NHE, NBC also played a role in pHiregulation in both acini and ducts. In the parotid gland, NBC1 was functionally expressed in the basolateral membrane (BLM) of acinar cells and the luminal membrane (LM) of ducts. In the submandibular gland, NBC1 was expressed only in the BLM of ducts. NBC1 expressed in these two types of salivary glands takes up HCO3<SUP>−</SUP>and is involved in pHiregulation. Although NBC3 immunoreactivity was also detected in submandibular gland acinar cells and in the ducts of both glands, it is unlikely that NBC3 plays any role in pHiregulation. We conclude that NBC1 is functionally expressed and plays a role in pHiregulation in guinea pig salivary glands but that its localization and role are different depending on the type of salivary glands.</P>
Fabrication of Charge-pump Active-matrix OLED Display Panel with 64 ${\times}$ 64 Pixels
Na, Se-Hwan,Shim, Jae-Hoon,Kwak, Mi-Young,Seo, Jong-Wook The Korean Infomation Display Society 2006 Journal of information display Vol.7 No.1
Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel using the charge-pump (CP) pixel addressing scheme was fabricated, and the results show that it is applicable for information display. A CP-OLED panel with 64 ${\times}$ 64 pixels consisting of thin-film capacitors and amorphous silicon Schottky diodes was fabricated using conventional thin-film processes. The pixel drive circuit passes electrical current into the OLED cell during most of the frame period as in the thin-film transistor (TFT)-based active-matrix (AM) OLED displays. In this study, the panel was operated at a voltage level of below 4 V, and this operation voltage can be reduced by eliminating the overlap capacitance between the column bus line and the common electrode.
Na Se Hwan,Min Won Kyung,Kim Do Hyung,Hwang Han Wook,Ha Yong Min,Kim Hyun Jae 한국정보디스플레이학회 2021 Journal of information display Vol.22 No.4
The principal causes of the poor picture quality on active matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays, operating under extremely low brightness and gray-scale conditions, were analyzed and verified by measuring and modelling of the electrical simulations. Through the analysis, it was found that the deteriorated picture quality was induced by a delayed saturation voltage, which means the electric potential difference between the initial voltage applied to the anode of the OLED (Vinit) and the OLED saturated voltage (Vsat) for emission. This is because the deviations of pico-ampere-level currents and delayed OLED charging prior to light emission increased the saturation voltage when there were low driving currents. Thus, we optimized the voltage by increasing Vinit from −4.5 to −2.7 V, effectively eliminating image deterioration by reducing the OLED charging delay. Thus, the proposed approach opens up advancements of obtaining superior picture quality with ultra-low luminance, even in the dark illuminance environments.Wediscusshow OLED picture quality may be enhanced under low brightness, including the driving methods, design considerations, and processes involved.
Iontophoretic delivery of dexamethasone-loaded nanoparticles to the anterior segment of the eye
Se-Na Kim,Chang Hee Min,김보희,Sangjun Lee,지한비,Cho Rim Kim,Jae Hoon Han,Chang-Hwan Im,Hyeong Gon Yu,최영빈 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.116 No.-
Eye drops are often prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in the anterior segment of theeye; however, owing to rapid preocular drug clearance, frequent administration is required. In this study,we propose the noninvasive iontophoretic delivery of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles loadedwith the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone (DXT). After topical administration of DXT-loadednanoparticles (DXT-NP) to the eye, we applied iontophoresis with electrodes attached to the skin ofthe forehead and eyelid. Iontophoresis increased the amount of DXT-NP permeated into the eye tissuesof rabbits by ten folds compared to that without iontophoresis. One-time iontophoretic delivery of DXTNPreleased the drug, in a sustained manner, in the aqueous humor of the eye for more than 10 days. Incontrast, the drug was cleared rapidly in hours with Maxidex, a commercially available eye drop of DXT. Therefore, iontophoretic delivery of DXT-loaded nanoparticles is a promising strategy to enhance drugbioavailability and reduce the frequency of topical drug administration to the eye.
In Vitro Expansion of Homogeneous Neural Precursor Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Na, Deuk-Chae,Kim, Se-Hee,Choi, Won-Ik,Hwang, Hyun-Jin,Han, In-Bo,Kim, Jae-Hwan,Park, Keun-Hong,Chung, Hyung-Min,Choi, Seong-Jun The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2007 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.31 No.4
Human embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the inner cell mass of the preimplantation embryo and have the capacity to differentiate into various types of cells in the body. Hence, these cells may potentially be an indefinite source of cells for cell therapy in various degenerative diseases including neuronal disorders. For clinical applications of human ES cells, directed differentiation of these cells would be necessary. The objective of this study is to develop the culture condition for the expansion of neural precursor cells derived from human ES cells. Human ES cells were able to differentiate into neural precursor cells upon a stepwise culture condition. Neural precursor cells were propagated up to 5000-fold in cell numbers over 12-week period of culture and evaluated for their characteristics. Expressions of sox1 and pax6 transcripts were dramatically up-regulated along the differentiation stages by RT-PCR analysis. In contrast, expressions of oct4 and nanog transcripts were completely disappeared in neural precursor cells. Expressions of nestin, pax6 and sox1 were also confirmed in neural precursor cells by immunocytochemical analysis. Upon differentiation, the expanded neural precursor cells differentiated into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. In immunocytochemical analysis, expressions of type III ${\beta}$-tubulin and MAP2ab were observed Presence of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were also confirmed by expressions of GFAP and O4, respectively. Results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of long-term expansion of human ES cell-derived neural precursor cells in vitro, which can be a potential source of the cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Association between hair mineral and age, BMI and nutrient intakes among Korean female adults
Se Ra Hong,Seung Min Lee,Na Ri Lim,Hwan Wook Chung,Hong Seok Ahn 한국영양학회 2009 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.3 No.3
This study was performed to investigate the association between hair mineral levels and nutrient intakes, age, and BMI in female adults who visited a woman's clinic located in Seoul. Dietary intakes were assessed by food frequency questionnaire and mineral levels were measured in collected hairs, and the relationship between these was examined. The average daily nutrient intakes of subjects were compared to those of the KDRIs, and the energy intake status was fair. The average intake of calcium in women of 50 years and over was 91.35% of KDRIs and the potassium intake was greatly below the recommended levels in all age groups. In the average hair mineral contents in subjects, calcium and copper exceeded far more than the reference range while selenium was very low with 85.19% of subjects being lower than the reference value. In addition, the concentrations of sodium, potassium, iron, and manganese in the hair were below the reference ranges in over 15% of subjects. The concentrations of sodium, chromium, sulfur, and cadmium in the hair showed positive correlations (P<0.05) with age, but the hair zinc level showed a negative correlation (P<0.05) with age. The concentrations of sodium, potassium, chromium, and cadmium in the hair showed positive correlations (P<0.05) with BMI. Some mineral levels in subjects of this study showed significant correlations with nutrient intakes, but it seems that the hair mineral content is not directly influenced by each mineral intake. As described above, some hair mineral levels in female adults deviated from the normal range, and it is considered that nutritional intervention to control the imbalance of mineral nutrition is required. Also, as some correlations were shown between hair mineral levels and age, BMI, and nutrient intakes, the possibility of utilizing hair mineral analysis for specific purposes in the future is suggested.
Evaluation and management of lead exposure
Hwan-Cheol Kim,Tae-Won Jang,Hong-Jae Chae,Won-Jun Choi,Mi-Na Ha,Byeong-Jin Ye,Byoung-Gwon Kim,Man-Joong Jeon,Se-Yeong Kim,Young-Seoub Hong 대한직업환경의학회 2015 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.27 No.-
Lead, which is widely used in industry, is a common element found in low concentrations in the Earth’s crust. Implementations to reduce environmental lead concentrations have resulted in a considerable reduction of lead levels in the environment (air) and a sustained reduction in the blood lead levels of the average citizen. However, people are still being exposed to lead through a variety of routes in everyday commodities. Lead causes health problems such as toxicity of the liver, kidneys, hematopoietic system, and nervous system. Having a carcinogenic risk as well, the IARC classifies inorganic lead compounds as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). Occupational lead poisonings have decreased due to the efforts to reduce the lead concentrations in the working environment. In contrast, health hazards associated with long-term environmental exposure to low concentrations of lead have been reported steadily. In particular, chronic exposure to low concentrations of lead has been reported to induce cognitive behavioral disturbances in children. It is almost impossible to remove lead completely from the human body, and it is not easy to treat health hazards due to lead exposure. Therefore, reduction and prevention of lead exposure are very important. We reviewed the toxicity and health hazards, monitoring and evaluation, and management of lead exposure.