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Language Education Policies on Taiwan: A Case of Comparative Colonialism and Discourse Power
Nathaniel T. Murray(Nathaniel T. Murray ) 전남대학교 교육문제연구소 2023 New Horizons of Educational Research Vol.3 No.1
This article uses theoretical perspectives on colonialism and language planning to compare the language and education policies of two successive regimes on Taiwan: the Japanese colonial administration from 1895-1945, and the Republic of China from 1945 through the Cold War. The case of Taiwan reveals how blurry the distinction between oppression and liberation can become, and how this ambiguity can remain consistent across different regimes and geopolitical circumstances on the same population. This discussion includes some personal anecdotes from the author’s time in Taiwan, exploring how discourse is used to assert power by groups with competing cultural ideologies.
Murray Molly E.,Goncalves Beatriz G.,Biggs Mary A.,Frantzeskos Sophia A.,Lebedenko Charlotta G.,Banerjee Ipsita A. 한국응용생명화학회 2024 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.67 No.-
The Nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor is considered a member of the opioid receptor subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) which has been shown to be present in many parts of the central nervous system (CNS). It plays biologically diverse roles in pain modulation, immune response and in neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, phytochemical conjugates of two known neuropeptides, melanocyte inhibition factor (MiF-1) and mammalian amidated neuropeptide NPFF with pain modulating ability were developed. The binding interactions of those conjugates with NOP receptor was examined as an approach to develop novel natural compounds that can modulate NOP receptor activity. The selected phytochemicals are well-known for their antioxidant abilities and are derived either from natural alkaloids (betanin), polyphenols (gallic acid and sinapic acid) or terpenes (pomolic acid). Each of the phytochemicals selected are antioxidants which may play a role in mitigating diseases. Three conjugates of betanin were designed with each peptide by conjugating each of the three carboxylic acid groups of betanin with the peptides, while all others were mono-conjugates. Our results indicated that the betanin conjugates with both peptides showed strong binding interactions while the pomolate-peptide conjugates showed moderate binding. In general, NPFF and its conjugates showed stronger binding with the receptor. Docking and molecular dynamics studies revealed that binding interactions occurred at the binding pocket encompassing the transmembrane helices TM1, TM3 and TM7 in most cases, with the ligands binding deep within the hydrophobic core. The binding interactions were further confirmed experimentally through SPR analysis, which also showed higher binding with the betanin conjugates. MMGBSA studies indicated that the binding energies of MiF-1 conjugates were higher compared to neat MiF-1. However, in the case of NPFF, while the betanin conjugates showed enhancement, in some cases the binding energies were found to be slightly reduced compared to neat NPFF. Overall our studies reveal that such natural phytochemical derivatives that can bind to the NOP receptor when conjugated to the mammalian amidated neuropeptide NPFF and the short sequence of melanocyte inhibiting factor MiF-1 may be potentially developed for further laboratory studies for potential pharmaceutical applications.
Improving Theological Education using Intercultural Mission
( Murray House ) 삼육대학교 선교와사회문제연구소 2015 Asia-Africa Journal of Mission and Ministry(AAMM) Vol.12 No.-
One model for improving theological training is Avondale``s Mission Immersion Experiences for ministry students. These intercultural service-oriented experiences have provided opportunities for transformative learning by placing students in a new and challenging context. This immersion has initiated the refashioning of students`` communication and relational skills. It has caused them to be more self-aware and increased their confidence levels in ministry. As their cultural competencies have risen they have experienced confirmation of their calling and an increase in their confidence in their own readiness for ministry. This paper reports on the research into the personal, spiritual and professional impact upon Avondale``s ministry students of the 2013 Mission Immersion in the Solomon Islands in the South Pacific. It compares the results of the extensive questionnaire with the 2012 results to show how student transformational learning is being optimised. It assessed the students`` responses to gauge the level of success in reaching the following goals: to build spirituality and personal transformation, to mature student ministry readiness and identity, and to improve student``s commitment to mission. Strengths and weaknesses of the current program are reviewed and student``s responses to new questions on their personal development are presented. The students`` responses, from the more intercultural and evangelistically experienced 2013 cohort, show a continuing personal and professional transformation of students by this intercultural learning. The students`` responses of increased spirituality are staying optimal.
Anterior Reconstruction Techniques for Cervical Spine Deformity
Murray Echt,Christopher Mikhail,Steven J. Girdler,Samuel K. Cho 대한척추신경외과학회 2020 Neurospine Vol.17 No.3
Cervical spine deformity is an uncommon yet severely debilitating condition marked by its heterogeneity. Anterior reconstruction techniques represent a familiar approach with a range of invasiveness and correction potential—including global or focal realignment in the sagittal and coronal planes. Meticulous preoperative planning is required to improve or prevent neurologic deterioration and obtain satisfactory global spinal harmony. The ability to perform anterior only reconstruction requires mobility of the opposite column to achieve correction, unless a combined approach is planned. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion has limited focal correction, but when applied over multiple levels there is a cumulative effect with a correction of approximately 6° per level. Partial or complete corpectomy has the ability to correct sagittal deformity as well as decompress the spinal canal when there is anterior compression behind the vertebral body. If pathoanatomy permits, a hybrid discectomy-corpectomy construct is favored over multilevel corpectomies. The anterior cervical osteotomy with bilateral complete uncinectomy may be necessary for angular correction of fixed cervical kyphosis, and is particularly useful in the midcervical spine. A detailed understanding of the patient’s local anatomy, careful attention to positioning, and avoiding long periods of retraction time will help prevent complications and iatrogenic injury.