Short Communications : Seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle in selected area of Bangladesh and comparison between Rose Bengal test and i-ELISA used for the screening of brucellosis

( Md. Siddiqur Rahman ),( Amitavo Chakrabartty ),( Taohidul Islam ),( Roma Rani Sarker ),( Me Alam1,Muhammad Jasim Uddin ),( Laila Akther ),( Hee Jong Song ) 한국가축위생학회 2012 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.35 No.2

Brucellosis, a bacterial zoonoses caused by the genus Brucella is responsible for abortion and infertility in cow. Brucellosis is causing economic loss in dairy industries and prevalent worldwide including Bangladesh but limited studies are devoted to determine the prevalence and its association with reproductive factors of dairy cows in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in dairy cattle using screening test Rose Bengal test (RBT) and the positive sera were further confirmed by indirect- ELISA. For this purpose, a total of 400 serum samples from dairy cows with history of abortion and various reproductive disorders were collected from the Kurigram district of Bangladesh for the detection of Brucella antibody. The overall prevalence of brucellosis in dairy cattle was 2.25%. Brucellosis in cases of abortion and repeat breeding was 8.3% and 2.8%, respectively. The results shows higher prevalence of brucellosis in cases of abortion followed by repeat breeding, while there was no seropositive cases from other reproductive disorders. Age-wise seroprevalence was found 3.0% in 2∼3 years age group and 2.0% in 4∼8 years age group. The prevalence of brucellosis in indigenous and cross-bred cattle was 3.6% and 1.7%, respectively. All the animals detected positive to brucellosis by RBT were not found to be positive by i-ELISA. However, the RBT might be a suitable screening test for the diagnosis of Brucella infection in field condition in Bangladesh. These data will help to develop effective disease prevention strategies.

Pyridoxine Refractory Sideroblastic Anemia: Diagnosis and Misdiagnosis

Muhammad Matloob Alam,Abdulrhman Alathaibi,Ruwayd Adel Attar,Muhammad Kashif,Hamdan Saeed Al-Ghamdi,Sultan Abdulaziz Alharthi,Abdulmohsen Bokhary,Muteb Althomali 대한소아혈액종양학회 2022 Clinical Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Vol.29 No.2

We report the case of a 7-year-old girl who was originally diagnosed at the age of 6 months with transfusion-dependent red cell aplasia based on a combination of se-vere anemia, reticulocytopenia and bone marrow findings. Since early infancy due to severe microcytic/hypochromic anemia she received multiple packed RBCs transfusions. She subsequently developed hepatomegaly, hypothyroidism, diabetes, liver cirrhosis and latterly, a severe cardiomyopathy due to significant iron overload refractory to regular chelating agents. Genetic study was offered, confirmed the pres-ence of SLC25A38 gene mutation and her diagnosis was revised to pyridoxine re-fractory sideroblastic anemia (PRSA). It is a non-syndromic, autosomal recessive dis-order, characterized by severe microcytic anemia since infancy and increased serum ferritin, which is not responsive to pyridoxine. Since the clinical course of this dis-order is very similar to that of thalassemia major and other red cell aplasia. Prompt recognition and initiation of appropriate treatment are important to reduce the de-velopment of secondary disease complications due to iron overload. Given the poten-tial for misdiagnosis and delay in the recognition of sideroblastic anemia, a careful bone marrow examination and genetic study should be included while investigating children with unexplained anemia.

The Role of Virtual Community Participation and Engagement in Building Brand Trust: Evidence from Pakistan Business Schools

Muhammad TABISH,Muhammad Adnan BASHIR,Muhammad Mansoor ALAM,Zalizah Awang LONG,Mohd. Khairil RAHMAT 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.3

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of virtual community participation and engagement in the brand decision by building community and brand trust. In this study, two theories (Social Capital Theory and Theory of Collective Action) were tested. Both theories were linked based on existing literature, and empirical evidence was obtained through testing hypotheses. Students from five prestigious Pakistani business schools provided a total of 849 replies. The measurement model and structural model were both analyzed using the partial least square (PLS) method. The findings show that virtual community engagement and participation have a positive and significant impact on virtual community trust. Although virtual community engagement has a positive effect on brand trust, we found no evidence of a link between virtual community participation and brand trust. Later, these trusts positively influence brand choice. This study has several managerial implications. The suggested model of this study helps managers to get customers’ insight, choose the right target market, and set integrated marketing communication strategies besides social media marketing strategies. The study represents a new perspective of consumer behavior that helps to understand how a customer behaves in virtual communities to trust and take the final decision to purchase.

UPRIGHT DRAWINGS OF GRAPHS ON THREE LAYERS

Muhammad Jawaherul Alam,Md. Mashfiqui Rabbi,Md. Saidur Rahman,Md. Rezaul Karim 한국전산응용수학회 2010 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.28 No.5

An upright drawing of a planar graph G on k layers is a planar straight-line drawing of G, where the vertices of G are placed on a set of k horizontal lines, called layers and no two adjacent vertices are placed on the same layer. There is a previously known algorithm that decides in linear time whether a planar graph admits an upright drawing on k layers for a fixed value of k. However, the constant factor in the running time of the algorithm increases exponentially with k and makes it impractical even for k = 3. In this paper, we give a linear-time algorithm to examine whether a biconnected planar graph G admits an upright drawing on three layers and to obtain such a drawing if it exists. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for a tree to have an upright drawing on three layers. Our algorithms in both the cases are much simpler and easier to implement than the previously known algorithms.

Childhood Neuroendocrine Tumors of Appendix: Suggested Approach and Management

Muhammad Matloob Alam,Abdulrhman Alathaibi,Mohamed Magdi Refai,Abdulaziz Alsaedi,Muhammad Usman Tariq 대한소아혈액종양학회 2023 Clinical Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Vol.30 No.2

Appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors (NET) although rare, but the most common tu-mors of the gastrointestinal tract in children and adolescents. NET of the appendix is typically undiagnosed preoperatively, are usually not associated with specific neu-roendocrine symptoms, and a high percentage are initially identified by pathologists. For well-differentiated tumors of <1 cm and complete (R0) resection, no follow-up is required. Unlikely, tumor size >2 cm or tumor with high-risk features confer a relevant risk of recurrence and further imaging and surgical procedures are warranted. No consensus, clear recommendation or management guidelines are available for the management of appendiceal NET in children. Herein, current article will provide an overview of literature and suggested guidelines for evaluation and management of childhood neuroendocrine tumors of appendix.

Lumbar Morphometry: A Study of Lumbar Vertebrae from a Pakistani Population Using Computed Tomography Scans

Muhammad M Alam,Muhammad Waqas,Hussain Shallwani,Gohar Javed 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.4

Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Purpose: To describe the characteristics of lumbar vertebrae of Pakistani patients reporting at a tertiary care hospital and compare with studies from other populations. Overview of Literature: Several studies have been conducted to determine morphometry of lumbar vertebrae. Most of the studies involve Caucasian populations, still data on other populations still sparse. This is the first study describing lumbar morphometry of a Pakistani population. Methods: An observational study was conducted based on a review of thin-cut (3 mm) computed topographic images of lumbar vertebrae. Two-hundred and twenty vertebrae from forty-nine patients were studied, and various dimensions were analyzed. Results: Generally, the size of the vertebrae, vertebral canals and recesses were found to be greater in male patients. The difference was statistically significant for transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the vertebral bodies and sagittal diameter of pedicles on the left side (p <0.05). Comparison of populations revealed statistically significant differences in pedicle dimensions between Pakistani population and others. Conclusions: This study provides anatomical knowledge of the lumbar region in a sample population of Pakistan. There were significant differences in various dimensions of lumbar vertebrae between female and male patients. This would prove to be critical for performing a safe operation.

UPRIGHT DRAWINGS OF GRAPHS ON THREE LAYERS

Alam, Muhammad Jawaherul,Rabbi, Md. Mashfiqui,Rahman, Md. Saidur,Karim, Md. Rezaul The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2010 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.28 No.5

An upright drawing of a planar graph G on k layers is a planar straight-line drawing of G, where the vertices of G are placed on a set of k horizontal lines, called layers and no two adjacent vertices are placed on the same layer. There is a previously known algorithm that decides in linear time whether a planar graph admits an upright drawing on k layers for a fixed value of k. However, the constant factor in the running time of the algorithm increases exponentially with k and makes it impractical even for k = 3. In this paper, we give a linear-time algorithm to examine whether a biconnected planar graph G admits an upright drawing on three layers and to obtain such a drawing if it exists. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for a tree to have an upright drawing on three layers. Our algorithms in both the cases are much simpler and easier to implement than the previously known algorithms.

Energy-Aware QoS Provisioning for Wireless Sensor Networks: Analysis and Protocol

Alam, Muhammad Mahbub,Razzaque, Abdur,Mamun-Or-Rashid, Mamun-Or-Rashid,Hong, Choong-Seon The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2009 Journal of communications and networks Vol.11 No.4

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are envisioned to facilitate information gathering for various applications and depending on the application types they may require certain quality of service (QoS) guarantee for successful and guaranteed event perception. Therefore, QoS in WSNs is an important issue and two most important parameters that hinder the goal of guaranteed event perception are time-sensitive and reliable delivery of gathered information, while a minimum energy consumption is desired. In this paper, we propose an energy-aware, multi-constrained and multipath QoS provisioning mechanism for WSNs based on optimization approach. Hence, a detailed analytical analysis of reliability, delay and energy consumption is presented to formulate the optimization problem in an analytical way. A greedy algorithm is proposed to achieve the desired QoS guarantee while keeping the energy consumption minimum. Also, a simple but efficient retransmission mechanism is proposed to enhance the reliability further, while keeping the delay within delay bound. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our scheme.

Buffer and Rate Control Based Congestion Avoidance in Wireless Sensor Networks

( Muhammad Mahbub Alam ),( Choong Seon Hong ) 한국정보처리학회 2007 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.14 No.1

Due to dense deployment and innumerable amount of traffic flow in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), congestion becomes more common phenomenon from simple periodic traffic to unpredictable bursts of messages triggered by external events. Even for simple network topology and periodic traffic, congestion is a likely event due to dynamically time varying wireless channel condition and contention caused due to interference by concurrent transmissions. In this paper, we have proposed three mechanisms: upstream source count and buffer based rate control and snoop based MAC level ACK scheme to avoid congestion. The simulation results show that our proposed mechanism achieves around 80% delivery ratio even under bursty traffic condition.

CRRT: Congestion-Aware and Rate-Controlled Reliable Transport in Wireless Sensor Networks

ALAM, Muhammad Mahbub,HONG, Choong Seon The Institute of Electronics, Information and Comm 2009 IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS - Vol.92 No.1

<P>For successful data collection in wireless sensor networks, it is important to ensure that the required delivery ratio is maintained while keeping a fair rate for every sensor. Furthermore, emerging high-rate applications might require complete reliability and the transfer of large volume of data, where persistent congestion might occur. These requirements demand a complete but efficient solution for data transport in sensor networks which reliably transports data from many sources to one or more sinks, avoids congestion and maintains fairness. In this paper, we propose congestion-aware and rate-controlled reliable transport (CRRT), an efficient and low-overhead data transport mechanism for sensor networks. CRRT uses efficient MAC retransmission to increase one-hop reliability and end-to-end retransmission for loss recovery. It also controls the total rate of the sources centrally, avoids the congestion in the bottleneck based on congestion notifications from intermediate nodes and centrally assigns the rate to the sources based on rate assignment policy of the applications. Performance of CRRT is evaluated in NS-2 and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of CRRT.</P>