The comparative toxicities of BPA, BPS, BPF, and TMBPF on the development, healthspan and aging

Moonjung Hyun(현문정),Sung min Han(한성민),Jeong-Doo Heo(허정두) 환경독성보건학회 2021 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.5

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used substance in daily life and industry. BPA is well known for its adverse health effects. Several alternative materials have been developed to replace it. Here, we comprehensively analyze the efficacy of BPA and three substitutes, including bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF), and tetramethyl bisphenol F (TMBPF), on organismal aging, healthspan, and energy homeostasis using an in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model animal and two cultured mammalian cell lines. All bisphenols resulted in decreased reproductive ability and lifespan and increased axonal beading, a sign of neuronal aging. BPA resulted in abnormalities in development and growth, such as slow growth rate, short body length, and disorganized vulva tissue morphology. Each substitute also showed detrimental effects on at least two or more of these events. Exposure to all bisphenols except TMBPF, proposed as a relatively safe BPA alternative, caused mitochondrial abnormalities such as decreased oxygen consumption and mitochondria membrane potential. In contrast, organismal ATP level was markedly increased by all bisphenols, including TMBPF. In mammalian cells, BPA increased ATP level and decreased ROS but did not affect mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Only TMBPF exhibited a significant increase in ROS and mPTP opening. Notably, all of the bisphenols caused a severe decrease in cell viability. Studies using these in vivo animals and cell cultures suggest that the potentially harmful physiological effects of other BPA alternatives, including TMBPF, compared to BPA should be considered.

앰비언트 모바일 위젯 매니저를 이용한 환자 지향의 Physio-Grid 서비스

김문정 ( Moonjung Kim ),윤찬현 ( Chan-hyun Youn ) 한국정보처리학회 2010 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.17 No.1

실시간 모바일 웹 환경이 e-Healthcare 시스템과 통합· 적용되었을 때, 보다 사용자 중심적이고 효율적인 서비스를 제공할 수 있다. 심혈관 질환 진단 시스템인 PhysioGrid 시스템의 의료 정보 서비스를 모바일 환경 하에서 고품질의 사용자 중심적인 의료서비스가 가능하도록 시스템 인터페이스상 개선 방안을 제시한다. 구체적으로 우리는 최근 모바일 인터페이스에 매우 큰 변화를 가져온 모바일 위젯 형태의 어플리케이션을 도입한 서비스 모델을 정의하였다. 또한 정보 전달 기능을 향상 시키고 사용자에게 진보된 경험 수준을 제공할 수 있는 앰비언트 디스플레이(Ambient display) 개념을 적용하여, 기존 시스템의 문제점에 대한 해결 방안을 검토하고 평가한다.

Refractive Errors in Koreans: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2012

임형택,Seung-Hyun Kim,임기환,Moonjung Choi,Hye Young Kim,Seung-Hee Baek 대한안과학회 2016 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.30 No.3

Purpose: Our study provides epidemiologic data on the prevalence of refractive errors in all age group ≥5 yearsin Korea. Methods: In 2008 to 2012, a total of 33,355 participants aged ≥5 years underwent ophthalmologic examinations. Using the right eye, myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) less than -0.5 or -1.0 diopters(D) in subjects aged 19 years and older or as an SE less than -0.75 or -1.25 D in subjects aged 5 to 18 yearsaccording to non-cycloplegic refraction. Other refractive errors were defined as follows: high myopia as an SEless than -6.0 D; hyperopia as an SE larger than +0.5 D; and astigmatism as a cylindrical error less than -1.0 D. The prevalence and risk factors of myopia were evaluated. Results: Prevalence rates with a 95% confidence interval were determined for myopia (SE <-0.5 D, 51.9% [51.2to 52.7]; SE <-1.0 D, 39.6% [38.8 to 40.3]), high myopia (5.0% [4.7 to 5.3]), hyperopia (13.4% [12.9 to 13.9]), andastigmatism (31.2% [30.5 to 32.0]). The prevalence of myopia demonstrated a nonlinear distribution with thehighest peak between the ages of 19 and 29 years. The prevalence of hyperopia decreased with age in subjectsaged 39 years or younger and then increased with age in subjects aged 40 years or older. The prevalenceof astigmatism gradually increased with age. Education was associated with all refractive errors; myopiawas more prevalent and hyperopia and astigmatism were less prevalent in the highly educated groups. Conclusions: In young generations, the prevalence of myopia in Korea was much higher compared to the whiteor black populations in Western countries and is consistent with the high prevalence found in most other Asiancountries. The overall prevalence of hyperopia was much lower compared to that of the white Western population. Age and education level were significant predictive factors associated with all kinds of refractive errors.

Antibacterial Activity of Lysozyme - Galactomannan Conjugate against Escherichia coli

Jae-Kwan Hwang,Hyun-Jin Kim,MoonJung Choi,Hae-Hun Shin,Yu-Ryang Pyun 한국식품영양과학회 1998 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.3 No.4

Lysozyme was covalently conjugated with galactomannan through a amino-carbonyl reaction between the lysine ε -amino groups of lysozyme and the reducing ends of galactomannan at a relative humidity of 79% and 60℃. The resulting lysozyme-galactomannan conjugate (LGC) was investigated for its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Lysozyme alone did not exhibit antibacterial activity against E. coli. In contrast, significant bactericidal effect was observed for LGC, depending on the reaction temperature. The degree of conjugation between lysozyme and galactomannan was dependent on the incubation time, which affected the antibacterial efficiency against E. coli. This study demonstrated that the amino-carbonyl reaction between lysozyme and galactomannan could be a potential tool to modify lysozyme toward broadening its antibacterial spectrum to Gram-negative bacteria.

Toxicity of Bisphenol TMC in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Ho Jeong Lee,Kwang Hyun Hwang,Moonjung Hyun,Jeong Doo Heo 환경독성보건학회 2023 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2023 No.5

인체유래 폐세포주에서 염화 벤잘코늄에 의한 독성 영향

김혜진(Hyejin Kim),현문정(Moonjung Hyun),이선민(Seonmin Lee),허정두(Jeong-Doo Heo) 환경독성보건학회 2021 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.5

염화 벤잘코늄은 어린이들 상처의 살균 소독제로 수십년 동안 안전하게 사용되어왔다. 하지만 폐로 들어갈 경우 지극히 높은 독성을 보이며 2시간 이내에 사망한다고 알려져 있다. 최근, 코비드-19 pandemic으로 인해 손소독제 및 손세정제 사용이 증가하고 있는데 여전히 국내에서 시판되는 손세정제 1200여종 중 123종에서 염화 벤잘코늄이 함유되어 있다. 따라서, 손소독제 및 손세정제 사용이 증가하고 일상생활에 노출되고 있어 독성을 유발할 가능성이 농후하기 때문에 안전성 평가가 필요하다. 인체유래 폐세포주를 활용하여 세포 생존율과 미토콘드리아를 기반으로 하는 활성산소 및 막투과성을 확인하였다. 염화 벤잘코늄 혼합물 농도 의존적으로 세포 생존율이 감소하였으며, 활성산소는 증가하고 막투과성이 감소하는 현상을 확인하였다. 또한, 활성산소와 막투과성에 관련된다고 알려진 미토콘드리아 STAT3 단백질이 염화 벤잘코늄을 포함하는 손세정제와 염화 벤잘코늄 혼합물 노출에 의해 감소하는 현상을 확인하였다. 또한 STAT3를 knockdown 하였을 때 대조군에 비해 세포 생존율이 감소하며 활성산소가 증가하는 현상을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 염화 벤잘코늄 노출에 대한 독성 영향을 미토콘드리아 STAT3 단백질 수준에서 평가할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고자 한다.

An Integrated Healthcare System for Personalized Chronic Disease Care in Home–Hospital Environments

Sangjin Jeong,Chan-Hyun Youn,Eun Bo Shim,Moonjung Kim,Young Min Cho,Limei Peng IEEE 2012 IEEE transactions on information technology in bio Vol.16 No.4

<P>Facing the increasing demands and challenges in the area of chronic disease care, various studies on the healthcare system which can, whenever and wherever, extract and process patient data have been conducted. Chronic diseases are the long-term diseases and require the processes of the real-time monitoring, multidimensional quantitative analysis, and the classification of patients' diagnostic information. A healthcare system for chronic diseases is characterized as an at-hospital and at-home service according to a targeted environment. Both services basically aim to provide patients with accurate diagnoses of disease by monitoring a variety of physical states with a number of monitoring methods, but there are differences between home and hospital environments, and the different characteristics should be considered in order to provide more accurate diagnoses for patients, especially, patients having chronic diseases. In this paper, we propose a patient status classification method for effectively identifying and classifying chronic diseases and show the validity of the proposed method. Furthermore, we present a new healthcare system architecture that integrates the at-home and at-hospital environment and discuss the applicability of the architecture using practical target services.</P>

Boeravinone B, a natural rotenoid, inhibits osteoclast differentiation through modulating NF-κB, MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways

Xianyu Piao,Jung-Woo Kim,Moonjung Hyun,Zhao Wang,Suk-Gyun Park,In A Cho,Je-Hwang Ryu,Bin-Na Lee,Ju Han Song,Jeong-Tae Koh 생화학분자생물학회 2023 BMB Reports Vol.56 No.10

Osteoporosis is a major public health concern, which requiresnovel therapeutic strategies to prevent or mitigate bone loss. Natural compounds have attracted attention as potential therapeuticagents due to their safety and efficacy. In this study, weinvestigated the regulatory activities of boeravinone B (BOB), anatural rotenoid isolated from the medicinal plant Boerhaviadiffusa, on the differentiation of osteoclasts and mesenchymalstem cells (MSCs), the two main cell components responsiblefor bone remodeling. We found that BOB inhibited osteoclastdifferentiation and function, as determined by TRAP stainingand pit formation assay, with no significant cytotoxicity. Furthermore,our results showing that BOB ameliorates ovariectomyinducedbone loss demonstrated that BOB is also effective invivo. BOB exerted its inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis bydownregulating the RANKL/RANK signaling pathways, includingNF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt, resulting in the suppression ofosteoclast-specific gene expression. Further experiments revealedthat, at least phenomenologically, BOB promotes osteoblast differentiationof bone marrow-derived MSCs but inhibits their differentiationinto adipocytes. In conclusion, our study demonstratesthat BOB inhibits osteoclastogenesis and promotes osteoblastogenesisin vitro by regulating various signaling pathways. Thesefindings suggest that BOB has potential value as a novel therapeuticagent for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

The <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Werner Syndrome Protein Functions Upstream of ATR and ATM in Response to DNA Replication Inhibition and Double-Strand DNA Breaks

Lee, Se-Jin,Gartner, Anton,Hyun, Moonjung,Ahn, Byungchan,Koo, Hyeon-Sook Public Library of Science 2010 PLoS genetics Vol.6 No.1

<▼1><P>WRN-1 is the <I>Caenorhabditis elegans</I> homolog of the human Werner syndrome protein, a RecQ helicase, mutations of which are associated with premature aging and increased genome instability. Relatively little is known as to how WRN-1 functions in DNA repair and DNA damage signaling. Here, we take advantage of the genetic and cytological approaches in <I>C. elegans</I> to dissect the epistatic relationship of WRN-1 in various DNA damage checkpoint pathways. We found that WRN-1 is required for CHK1 phosphorylation induced by DNA replication inhibition, but not by UV radiation. Furthermore, WRN-1 influences the RPA-1 focus formation, suggesting that WRN-1 functions in the same step or upstream of RPA-1 in the DNA replication checkpoint pathway. In response to ionizing radiation, RPA-1 focus formation and nuclear localization of ATM depend on WRN-1 and MRE-11. We conclude that <I>C. elegans</I> WRN-1 participates in the initial stages of checkpoint activation induced by DNA replication inhibition and ionizing radiation. These functions of WRN-1 in upstream DNA damage signaling are likely to be conserved, but might be cryptic in human systems due to functional redundancy.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Werner syndrome is a premature aging syndrome associated with genomic instability. The protein linked to Werner syndrome, WRN, has both helicase and exonuclease activities and is thought to be involved in DNA repair, including the resolution of replication fork arrest as well as in telomere maintenance. However, no definite and detailed role of the protein has been elucidated in vivo. We take advantage of the <I>Caenorhabditis elegans</I> germ cell system to explore DNA damage response defects associated with WRN, and we focus particularly on the role of <I>wrn</I> in the cell cycle checkpoint in response to DNA replication blockage and ionizing radiation (IR). We show that WRN functions together with RPA upstream of <I>C. elegans</I> ATR in the intra S-phase checkpoint pathway, and upstream of <I>C. elegans</I> ATM and RPA in the cell cycle arrest pathway triggered by IR–induced double-strand DNA breaks. These functions of WRN in upstream DNA damage signaling are likely to be conserved, but not obvious in human systems due to functional redundancy.</P></▼2>

미래 디지털 역기능 전망과 대응 방향에 관한 연구

김문구(MoonKoo Kim),박종현(JongHyun Park),이승민(Seungmin, Lee),하영욱(Young Woo Ha),최문정(Moonjung Choi),지수영(Sooyoung Chi),임현(Yim, Hyun),오지선(Jee-Sun Oh) 한국통신학회 2022 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.2

디지털 기술의 발전에 따라 디지털 역기능 역시 다양한 양상으로 전개되어 개인의 삶과 사회적 행태에 커다란 영향을 미칠 것으로 전망된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2030년 미래 디지털 역기능을 전망하고 인공지능, 메타버스, 블록체인, 지능형 로봇으로 선정된 대표디지털 기술이 세부 역기능에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 국내 디지털 기술 관련 전문가에 대해 심층 온라인 조사를 분석한 결과, 현재에 비해 미래 사회에서 디지털 역기능은 심각히 전개되고 이에 따른 사회적·경제적 부담이 상당할 것으로 전망되었다. 디지털 역기능의 세부 항목들은 그 속성에 따라 미래 심각성 정도가 달랐으며 디지털 기술의 특성이 반영되어 세부 디지털 역기능에서 다르게 발현될 것으로 나타났다. 조사결과를 바탕으로 디지털 역기능에 선제적으로 대응하기 위한 방향을 제언하였다.