Influence of Oxygen Gas Ratio on the Properties of Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Films Prepared by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering

Kim, Minha,Jang, Yong-Jun,Jung, Ho-Sung,Song, Woochang,Kang, Hyunil,Kim, Eung Kwon,Kim, Donguk,Yi, Junsin,Lee, Jaehyeong American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.16 No.5

<P>Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films were deposited on glass and polyimide substrates using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. We investigated the effects of the oxygen gas ratio on the properties of the AZO films for Cu(In, Ga)Se-2 thin-film solar cell applications. The structural and optical properties of the AZO thin films were measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and UV-Visible-NIR spectrophotometry. The oxygen gas ratio played a crucial role in controlling the optical as well as electrical properties of the films. When oxygen gas was added into the film, the surface AZO thin films became smoother and the grains were enlarged while the preferred orientation changed from (0 0 2) to (1 0 0) plane direction of the hexagonal phase. An improvement in the transmittance of the AZO thin films was achieved with the addition of 2.5-% oxygen gas. The electrical resistivity was highly increased even for a small amount of the oxygen gas addition.</P>

Dynamics of T Lymphocyte between the Periphery and the Brain from the Acute to the Chronic Phase Following Ischemic Stroke in Mice

Minha Kim,So-Dam Kim,Kyoung In Kim,전은혜,Min Gee Kim,Yu-Ree Lim,Enkhmaa Lkhagva-Yondon,Yena Oh,Kwangmin Na,정영철,진병관,송윤선,Myung Shin Jeon 한국뇌신경과학회 2021 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.30 No.2

Stroke causes systemic immunosuppression. T lymphocytes are involved in infarct size in the early stages of stroke. However, the phenotypes of T lymphocytes and their functions in peripheral immune organs and the brain have not been well analyzed in the acute and chronic phases of stroke. Here, we investigated pathological phenotypic alterations in the systemic immune response, especially changes in T lymphocytes, from one day to six months after ischemic stroke in mice. Impairment in thymocyte numbers, development, proliferation, and apoptosis were observed for up to two weeks. The number of mature T cells in the spleen and blood decreased and showed reduced interferon-γ production. Increased numbers of CD4- CD8- CD3+ double-negative T cells were observed in the mouse brain during the early stages of stroke, whereas interleukin (IL)-10+ Foxp3+ regulatory T lymphocytes increased from two weeks during the chronic phase. These phenotypes correlated with body weight and neurological severity scores. The recovery of T lymphocyte numbers and increases in IL-10+ Foxp3+ regulatory T lymphocytes may be important for long-term neurological outcomes. Dynamic changes in T lymphocytes between the acute and chronic phases may play different roles in pathogenesis and recovery. This study provides fundamental information regarding the T lymphocyte alterations from the brain to the peripheral immune organs following stroke.

Influence of Deposition Conditions on Properties of All Sputtered CdS/CdTe Thin-Film Solar Cells

Kim, Minha,Kim, Doyoung,Shim, Joong-Pyo,Kim, Donguk,Lee, Jaehyeong American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.16 No.5

<P>The effects of deposition conditions, such as substrate temperature and CdCl2 post treatments, on the structural and optical properties of CdTe films were investigated. In addition, CdS/CdTe thin-film solar cells were fabricated by an all-sputtering process, and their photovoltaic characteristics were studied. The CdTe films had a polycrystalline, cubic structure with a preferred orientation of the [1 1 1] direction parallel to the substrate surface, regardless of the substrate temperature. As the substrate temperature increased, the crystallinity of CdTe films improved. The grain size of the CdTe films increased after CdCl2 post treatment. In addition, the optical band gap increased with the substrate temperature. The conversion efficiency of the CdS/CdTe solar cell improved at higher substrate temperatures. The maximum efficiency, 9.23%, was obtained at a substrate temperature of 400 degrees C, with an open-circuit voltage (V-oc) of 0.78 V, a short-circuit current density (J(sc)) of 20.4 mA/cm(2), and a fill factor of 0.58.</P>

Effects of Annealing Treatment on the Anisotropy Behavior of Cold-Rolled High-Manganese Austenite Stainless Steels

Minha Park,Moon Seok Kang,Geon‑Woo Park,Hyoung Chan Kim,Hyoung‑Seok Moon,Byoungkoo Kim,Jong Bae Jeon,Hyunmyung Kim,Hee‑Sang Park,Se‑Hun Kwon,Byung Jun Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.10

High-Mn (over 24 wt%) austenitic steels recently have been developed with excellent mechanical properties such as highstrength and ductility at very low temperatures for cryogenic application. Especially, cold-rolling process is and effectivemethod to increased yield and tensile strength of high-Mn steel when making products. In our previous work, we haveinvestigated the correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties due to recrystallization without consideringthe characteristics of the cold-rolling direction of high-Mn steels.In this study, we evaluated the effects of anisotropicbehaviors on the heat treatment of cold-rolling high-Mn steels. Despite the heat treatment, differences between transverseand longitudinal direction in the cold-rolled conditions generally affected the recrystallized microstructure. Such anisotropicbehaviors caused changes in mechanical properties such as tensile and Charpy impact test, as microstructure along coldrollingdirection.

초등학교 3학년 읽기학습부진 학생을 위한 일대일 어휘 중재 사례 연구: 명시적 정의, 상황적 맥락, 형태소 분석을 중심으로

김동일 ( Kim¸ Dongil ),이연재 ( Lee¸ Yeonjae ),김희은 ( Kim¸ Heeeun ),김민하 ( Kim¸ Minha ),김명난 ( Kim¸ Myeongnan ) 충남대학교 교육연구소 2021 교육연구논총 Vol.42 No.4

본 연구는 초등학교 3학년 읽기 학습부진 학생에게 일대일 어휘 중재를 실시한 사례 연구로, 사전검사, 진전도 3차, 사후검사의 5가지 검사에서 나타난 학생들의 전체 어휘 검사 점수, 그리고 하위 영역인 명시적 정의, 상황적 맥락, 형태소 분석 점수가 어떻게 변화하는지 확인 함으로써 추후 중재 연구에 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하는 목적을 가진다. 이를 위하여 2021년 5월부터 7월까지 경기도 S 시 소재 3학년 읽기 학습부진 학생 8명을 대상으로 15회기의 어휘 집중 중재와 지속적인 진전도 모니터링을 실시하였으며, 학생들의 검사 총점과 하위 영역별 원점수, t 점수를 그래프로 시각화하였다. 어휘 영역 사후검사 원점수는 사전검사에 비해 5점에서 24점 사이의 향상을 보였으며, 학생별 편차는 있었지만 명시적 정의, 상황적 맥락, 형태소 분석의 하위 영역 점수도 향상하였다. 또한, 학생을 직접 지도한 강사의 보고를 결과와 함께 제시하여 점수 변화의 원인과 맥락을 설명하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 초등학교 3학년 어휘 집중 중재의 효과적 방안과 어휘 하위영역별 성취, 지속적인 교육과정 중심 측정의 필요성에 대해 논의하였다. The present study is a case study of one-on-one vocabulary intervention for students with reading difficulties in the third grade of elementary school, and aims to provide basic data for future intervention by checking the students' overall vocabulary test scores and the scores of the sub-areas of explicit definition, situational context, and morpheme analysis scores. From May to July 2021, intensive vocabulary intervention and continuous progress monitoring were conducted for eight third-grade students with reading difficulties in S city, Gyeonggi-do. Students' total score and t-score for total vocabulary and for the sub-areas were visualized as graphs. The original score of the vocabulary area post-test showed an improvement of 5 to 24 points compared to the pre-test, and although there were variations by student, the scores of the sub-areas of explicit definition, contextual context, and morpheme analysis also improved. The report of the instructor who taught students was presented with the results to explain the cause and context of the change in scores. Based on the results of this study, the need for effective vocabulary intervention in the third grade of elementary school, achievement by vocabulary sub-area, and continuous curriculum-based measurement were discussed.

김정은 시대 북한의 습지 보전·이용 현황과 남북협력에 대한 시사점

김성환 ( Kim Seonghwan ),김민하 ( Kim Minha ),강초롱 ( Kang Chorong ) 평화문제연구소 2022 統一問題硏究 Vol.34 No.2

Since Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un took power, North Korea has recognized the importance of the wetland ecosystem, which is a major component of the natural ecosystem, and has been attempting to systematically manage, preserve, and use wetlands. North Korea's interest stands out in establishing foundation for the wetland management system, a cooperative system for wetland conservation and sustainable use, a wetland conservation system, and promoting wetlands. The change in North Korea's perception of wetland space is largely due to the re-recognition of ecosystem services provided by wetlands. In addition, changes of circumstance faced by North Korea, such as fostering tourism industry and need to participate in the implementation of sustainable development, served as a strong driving force behind the re-recognition of ecosystem services provided by wetlands. The North Korean authorities' interest in the preservation and use of wetlands is a welcome issue for the establishment of a community of life on the Korean Peninsula; and for the establishment of community of human. This is because the nature of wetlands inevitably requires cooperation and solidarity from the international community. It is necessary to elicit North Korea's demand for cooperation reflected in the change of wetland space perception and to gradually promote inter-Korean wetland cooperation based on the results.

고생장 QD식물조명

김민하(Minha Kim),김용득(Yongduk Kim),유용환(Yong Hwan Yoo),박태희(Taehee Park),신정철(Jung Chul Shin),백수복(Soo-Bok Baek),고영욱(Young Wook Ko),김민기(Mingi Kim),이우식(Wooskik Lee),유왕건(Wanggun Yu) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2019 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.11

Estimation of health benefits from air quality improvement using the MODIS AOD dataset in Seoul, Korea

Kim, Daeun,Kim, Jeongyeong,Jeong, Jaehwan,Choi, Minha Elsevier 2019 Environmental research Vol.173 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Exposure to fine particles in the atmosphere can adversely affect health and even lead to premature death. Recently, South Korea has attracted attention because of its rapid increase in the concentration of Particulate Matter (PM).</P> <P><B>Objectives</B></P> <P>We estimated the economic benefits of reducing PM<SUB>10</SUB> in Seoul, South Korea, based on MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD). Based on the retrieved PM<SUB>10</SUB> data, we estimated its effects on overall health in each district of Seoul, Korea between 2014 and 2015.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>The relationships between MODIS AOD and ground-based PM<SUB>10</SUB> data were identified in different seasons in South Korea between 2012 and 2013 using the linear regression model. The health benefits were estimated by the Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (Benmap) using the scenarios from the World Health Organization (WHO).</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The correlation between MODIS AOD and PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentration differed with the season. There was a higher correlation between MODIS AOD and PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentration in winter (R = 0.57) than there was in other seasons. Based on the MODIS AOD, the average annual PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentration in Seoul was higher in 2014 than it was in 2015, at values of 45.7 μg/m<SUP>3</SUP>, and 41.6 μg/m<SUP>3</SUP>, respectively. The greatest economic benefit of reducing PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentration (WHO annual standard of 20 μg/m<SUP>3</SUP>) was in 2014. This benefit was estimated to be 7022 (95% CI: 599, 20496), 2617 (95% CI: 216, 7750), and 1328 (95% CI: −159, 4679) billion KRW for all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortalities in 2014 and 2015, respectively.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>These results demonstrate that, despite considerable improvements in air quality in recent decades, there is still a need for countermeasures to prevent economic loss due to air pollution in Seoul.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Verification of the relationship between PM<SUB>10</SUB> and temperature, wind speed, humidity, and, AOD. </LI> <LI> Induced interaction formula between AOD and ground-based PM<SUB>10</SUB> throughout South Korea. </LI> <LI> Estimation of health benefits according to air pollution improvement for Seoul districts, Korea. </LI> <LI> Finding a high correlation between the MODIS AOD and PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentration during winter in South Korea. </LI> <LI> Representing large economic impacts due to air quality improvement. </LI> </UL> </P>

Optimization of CdS Buffer Layer for High Efficiency CIGS Solar Cells

Kim, Donguk,Jang, Yong-Jun,Jung, Ho-Sung,Kim, Minha,Baek, Dohyun,Yi, Junsin,Lee, Jaehyeong,Choi, Youngkwan American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.16 No.5

<P>In present work, effects of the thickness on the structural and optical properties of chemically deposited CdS thin films were investigated. In addition, we fabricated Cu(In, Ga)Se-2 solar cells with various thicknesses of CdS buffer layer and optimized the thickness for a high efficiency. When the CdS thin films were thicker, the crystallinity improved but the transmittance decreased. The short-circuit current density (J(sc)) and the fill factor are the major efficiency limiting factors for the CIGS solar cells. As the thickness of the CdS buffer layer, the open-circuit voltage (V-oc) and the fill factor increased, whereas the J(sc) slightly decreased. The improvement of the fill factor and thus efficiency resulted from larger shunt resistance. For the solar cells without a high resistive intrinsic ZnO layer, the highest efficiency was acquired at the thickness of 89 nm. With further increasing the thickness, the Jsc decreased significantly, resulting in poor efficiency.</P>

Comparison of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Practice in Adults According to a Training Background in Child Psychiatry

Minha Hong,Seung-Yup Lee,Young Sik Lee,Bongseog Kim,Yoo Sook Joung,Hanik K Yoo,Eui-Jung Kim,Soyoung Irene Lee,Su-Bin Park,Soo-Young Bhang,Doughyun Han,Geon Ho Bahn 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2019 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.30 No.3

Objectives: Awareness of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults has significantly increased; however, clinical data specific to the Korean population are insufficient. Clinical experience of ADHD may differ based on whether psychiatrists have received pediatric psychiatry-specific training. In order to prepare a practice parameter for adult ADHD patients in Korea, we examined questionnaire data to observe how pediatric psychiatry training could affect clinical practice for adults with ADHD. Methods: A questionnaire about the diagnosis and treatment process was distributed to both general psychiatrists (GPsy) and child and adolescent psychiatrists (CAP) at the summer and winter workshop meetings of Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Results: In total, 142 psychiatrists participated in the survey (86 GPsy, 56 CAP). GPsy and CAP preferred pharmacotherapy (GPsy 82.40%, CAP 64.30%) as the primary treatment option and answered that the clinical psychiatric interview is the most necessary step in diagnostic assessment (GPsy 22.16%, CAP 19.00%). The GPsy responded with an optimal and average treatment duration that was shorter than that reported by CAP. Conclusion: Identification of the initial presenting symptom as the correct diagnosis and the optimal duration of pharmacotherapy differed between GPsy and CAP in practice, whereas concepts in diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in adults were similar for both groups. These results suggest the urgent need for the Continuing Medical Education program for psychiatrists treating adults with ADHD.