Psychosocial Risk Factors for Suicide

Soyoung Irene Lee,HanYong Jung 대한신경정신의학회 2006 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.3 No.2

Objective: There is little information as to the social or environmental correlates to human suicidal behavior. Thus, the purpose of this overview was to investigate and review the psychosocial correlates that are suggested to mediate suicidal behaviors. Method: A literature search was conducted on suicide and its risk, risk factors, population characteristics, and prediction. Thereafter, articles dealing with familial, social and environmental characteristics as risk factors for suicidal behavior are summarized in a review which is written in a narrative manner. Results: Risk factors for suicide occurring from the interaction between the individual and family context (abuse, loss, family discord) and those occurring from the interaction between the individual and his or her larger environmental context (stressful life events, social influence and support) are presented. Conclusions: This overview provides a summary of the recognized psychosocial risk factors for suicidal behavior. It is revealed that the psychosocial characteristics are a necessary component of a suicide risk assessment. Familial, social and environmental factors must be understood in a comprehensive context along with the psychiatric disorder and the biological vulnerability.

소아·청소년의 재해정신의학

이소영(SoYoung Irene Lee) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2002 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.13 No.1

Transgenerational Transmission of Trauma: Psychiatric Evaluation of Offspring of Former “Comfort Women,” Survivors of the Japanese Military Sexual Slavery during World War II

Jeewon Lee,Young-Sook Kwak,Yoon-Jung Kim,Eun-Ji Kim,E Jin Park,Yunmi Shin,Bun-Hee Lee,So Hee Lee,Hee Yeon Jung,Inseon Lee,Jung Im Hwang,Dongsik Kim,Soyoung Irene Lee 대한신경정신의학회 2019 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.16 No.3

“Comfort women” are survivors of sexual slavery by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II, who endured extensive trauma including massive rape and physical torture. While previous studies have been focused on the trauma of the survivors themselves, the effects of the trauma on the offspring has never been evaluated before. In this article, we reviewed the first study on the offspring of former “comfort women” and aimed to detect the evidence of transgenerational transmission of trauma. In-depth psychiatric interviews and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Axis I Disorders were conducted with six offspring of former “comfort women.” Among the six participants, five suffered from at least one psychiatric disorder including major depressive disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorder, insomnia disorder, somatic symptom disorder, and alcohol use disorder. Participants showed similar shame and hyperarousal symptoms as their mothers regarding stimuli related to the “comfort woman” issue. Increased irritability, problems with aggression control, negative worldview, and low self-esteem were evident in the children of mothers with posttraumatic stress disorder. Finding evidence of transgenerational transmission of trauma in offspring of “comfort women” is important. Future studies should include more samples and adopt a more objective method.

한국판 소아신체화척도 개발을 위한 예비연구

이소영(Soyoung Irene Lee),박준호(Joon-Ho Park),정한용(Han-Yong Jung) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2008 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.19 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop the Korean Somatization Scale for Children (KSS-C) and to evaluate the reliability and validity of this scale. Methods: Sixty-five children and adolescents with somatic symptoms were evaluated the KSS-C, Child Version, the Childrens Depression Inventory (CDI), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC). 65 parents of the subjects evaluated the KSS-C, Parent Version and Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL). Psychometric properties and associations with the internalizing symptoms were. Results: Three factors were extracted by factor analysis. KSS-C was significantly correlated with the CDI, the STAIC, and the internalization, externalization and somatization scale of the K-CBCL. The KSS-C, Parent Version was significantly correlated with the KSS-C, Child Version. Frequently reported somatic symptoms in children were fatigue, headache, low energy, stomachache, and nausea. Conclusion: Both KSS-C, Child Version and KSS-P, Parent Version were valid and reliable instrument assess somatic symptoms in Korean children and adolescents.

아동·청소년 문제행동평가척도를 이용한 반항성 도전장애의 선별

이소영(Soyoung Irene Lee),박준호(Joon-Ho Park),임은지(Eun-Ji Lim),정한용(Han-Yong Jung) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2011 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.22 No.2

Objectives:This present study examined the power of the Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) subscales to predict a DSM-IV diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Methods:The sample included 37 children and adolescents with ODD and 46 normal controls. The participants and their parents were interviewed for clinical diagnosis using the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and the parents completed the K-CBCL. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict the diagnosis of ODD. Results:Among the CBCL subscales, Delinquent and Aggressive Behavior scales significantly predicted ODD diagnosis. The means of these CBCL subscales were significantly higher in the ODD group when compared to the controls. Conclusion:Two CBCL subscales (Deliquent and Aggressive Behavior) displayed good diagnostic efficiency for assessing ODD in children and adolescents. Through combining information from the CBCL, an empirical-quantitative approach to psychopathology in children and the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, the results demonstrated that a clinical diagnostic approach is an effective diagnostic paradigm for children with ODD.

소아청소년정신과에서의 허가 초과 및 비승인 약물 처방

이소영(Soyoung Irene Lee) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2011 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of licensing system is to ensure that the medicines are examined for safety, efficacy and quality. Nevertheless, offlabel or unlicensed drug usages in pediatric practice is widespread in Korea and worldwide. Psychotropics are one of the most commonly used off-label or unlicensed drugs. The most valid approach to face this dilemma will be to have more evidences from pediatric pharmacological studies. Clinicians, in addition, need to monitor closely their off-label or unlicensed drug prescriptions to minimize the trial and error in practice. Researchers should publish their experiences and provide guidelines. Pharmaceutical companies, regulatory authorities, and consumer organizations should endeavor altogether for the children’s right to get safe and efficacious drugs as adults do. Here, the definition as well as the current status of off-label and unlicensed drug prescriptions will be introduced. Critical issues regarding the off label drugs are discussed. In addition, I will describe the present condition as to the off-label and unlicensed drugs in child and adolescent psychiatry and the authorization process of off-label drug prescription in Korea. Lastly, direction we should like to take in this field will be mentioned.

Suicidal Ideation of the Elderly According to Their Involvement in Grandchild Care

Jeewon Lee,Areum Lee,Doeun Lee,Han-Young Jung,Shin-gyeom Kim,Soyoung Irene Lee 대한신경정신의학회 2019 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.16 No.8

The purpose of the present study was to examine the severity of suicidal ideation of the older adults according to the amount of involvement in grandchild care. Data for this research were drawn from a cross-sectional study conducted on community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older. The 922 participants were divided into three groups according to their involvement in grandchild care: 18.5% had provided daily care, 12.4% had provided occasional care, and 69.1% had never cared for their grandchildren. ANCOVA analysis showed that the scores for depression was significantly lower in the group which took care of their grandchildren occasionally compared to the other two groups. The scores for suicidal ideation was significantly higher in the group which had never taken care of their grandchildren compared to the other two groups. Current study suggests that grandparenting may have a positive effect on suicidal ideation of the older adults.

A Case of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Presented with Cognitive Decline and Hoarding Behavior

Jeewon Lee,Soyoung Irene Lee,Shin Gyeom Kim,Jungbin Lee,Han Yong Jung 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.4

가족 환경이 아동의 자기 개념에 미치는 영향

이소영(Soyoung Irene Lee),정한용(Han-Yong Jung),백종우(Jong-Woo Paik),강이헌(Rhee-Hun Kang),이민수(Min-Soo Lee) 대한사회정신의학회 2006 사회정신의학 Vol.11 No.1

목 적: 본 연구에서는 초등학생들을 대상으로 자기 개념과 가족 환경을 평가하여 가족이 아동의 자기 개념 형성에 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 과천시에 거주하는 초등학교 1학년부터 6학년 학생 1,500명에게 한국판 소아자기개념척도와 한국판 가정환경척도를 평가하도록 한 후, 자기 개념과 가족 환경 간의 상관관계를 알아보았고 가족 환경이 자기 개념에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 회귀 분석을 실시하였다. 결 과: 총 1,338명(남=666명;여=672명)의 결과를 분석한 결과, 가족 환경의 결합력, 지적 및 학업상태 그리고 조직화 영역이 아동의 자기 개념과 정적 상관관계를, 그리고 가족의 갈등은 부적 상관관계를 나타내었다. 특히 가족의 결합력은 아동의 자기 개념 변이의 18.2%를 설명하였다. 결 론: 초등학생들의 자기 개념은 가족 구성원들과의 관계 속에서 다양하게 표현되고 있다. 따라서 아동의 자기 개념을 평가할 때에는 아동의 가족 체계에 대한 이해가 함께 이루어져야 한다. 가족의 결합력과 지적이고 문화적인 활동을 추구하는 경향은 자녀의 자기 개념에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고, 가족의 갈등은 부정적인 영향을 미친다. Purpose:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of family on the self concept of elementary school children by assessing the family environment and children’s self concept. Methods:1,500 elementary school children from grade one to six living in Gwacheon city were instructed to complete the Korean Form of Piers-Harris Children’s Self Concept Scale(K-PHCSCS) and Family Environment Scale(K-FES). Correlational and regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between family environment and self concept. Results:Cross-sectional analyses of 1,338 children(666 male, 672 females) indicated that among the K-FES subscales, cohesion, intellectual-cultural orientation, and organization were positively correlated to the self concepts of the children, and the conflict subscale was negatively correlated. Particularly, the family cohesion accounted for 18.2% of the variance in the child’s self concept rating. Conclusion:The self concept of the elementary school children are variably expressed within the context of the relatedness between the family members. Therefore, appreciation of the family system should be included when assessing the self concept of the children. The cohesion and the intellectual and cultural orientation of the family impact positively on the self concept of the offsprings, while the family conflict has an negative impact.

Psychiatric Sequelae of Former “Comfort Women,” Survivors of the Japanese Military Sexual Slavery during World War II

Jeewon Lee,YoungSook Kwak,YoonJung Kim,EunJi Kim,EJin Park,Yunmi Shin,BunHee Lee,SoHee Lee,HeeYeon Jung,Inseon Lee,JungIm Hwang,Dongsik Kim,Soyoung Irene Lee 대한신경정신의학회 2018 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.15 No.4

“Comfort women” refers to young women and girls who were forced into sexual slavery by the Imperial Japanese military during World War II. They were abducted from their homes in countries under Imperial Japanese rule, mostly from Korea, and the rest from China, Philippines, Malaysia, Taiwan, Indonesia, the Netherlands, etc. “Comfort women” endured extreme trauma involving rape, sexual torture, physical abuse, starvation, threats of death, and witnessed many others being tortured and killed. This article reviews all the studies that have investigated the psychiatric or psychosocial sequelae of the survivors of the Japanese military sexual slavery. Most importantly, a recent study which conducted a psychiatric evaluation on the former “comfort women” currently alive in South Korea is introduced. The participants’ unmarried rate was relatively high and their total fertility rate was relatively low. Majority of the participants reported having no education and being the low economic status. They showed high current and lifetime prevalence of posttraumatic disorder, major depressive disorder, somatic symptom disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and alcohol use disorder. Participants showed high suicidality and majority of the participants still reported being ashamed of being former “comfort women” after all these years. This article highlights the fact that the trauma has affected the mental health and social functioning of former “comfort women” throughout their lives, and even to the present day.