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Intestinal microbiota and the immune system in metabolic diseases
Panida Sittipo,Stefani Lobionda,이윤경,Craig L. Maynard 한국미생물학회 2018 The journal of microbiology Vol.56 No.3
The intestinal microbiota is comprised of millions of microorganisms that reside in the gastrointestinal tract and consistently interact with the host. Host factors such as diet and disease status affect the composition of the microbiota, while the microbiota itself produces metabolites that can further manipulate host physiology. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota has been characterized in patients with certain metabolic diseases, some of which involve damage to the host intestinal epithelial barrier and alterations in the immune system. In this review, we will discuss the consequences of dietdependent bacterial dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal tract, and how the associated interaction with epithelial and immune cells impacts metabolic diseases.
Single Sensor Gait Analysis to Detect Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Proof of Principle Study
Patrick Esser,Johnny Collett,Kevin Maynard,Dax Steins,Angela Hillier,Jodie Buckingham,Garry D. Tan,Laurie King,Helen Dawes 대한당뇨병학회 2018 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.42 No.1
This study explored the potential utility of gait analysis using a single sensor unit (inertial measurement unit [IMU]) as a simple tool to detect peripheral neuropathy in people with diabetes. Seventeen people (14 men) aged 63±9 years (mean±SD) with diabetic peripheral neuropathy performed a 10-m walk test instrumented with an IMU on the lower back. Compared to a reference healthy control data set (matched by gender, age, and body mass index) both spatiotemporal and gait control variables were different between groups, with walking speed, step time, and SDa (gait control parameter) demonstrating good discriminatory power (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve >0.8). These results provide a proof of principle of this relatively simple approach which, when applied in clinical practice, can detect a signal from those with known diabetes peripheral neuropathy. The technology has the potential to be used both routinely in the clinic and for tele-health applications. Further research should focus on investigating its efficacy as an early indicator of or effectiveness of the management of peripheral neuropathy. This could support the development of interventions to prevent complications such as foot ulceration or Charcot’s foot.
Bradley A. Gadberry,John Colt,Desmond Maynard,Diane C. Boratyn,Ken Webb,Ronald B. Johnson,Gary W. Saunders,Richard H. Boyer 한국조류학회I 2018 ALGAE Vol.33 No.1
Turkish towel (Chondracanthus exasperatus), Pacific dulse (Palmaria mollis, also known as Red ribbon seaweed), and sea lettuce (Ulva spp.) were cultivated in a land-based intensive culture system at the Manchester Research Station, USA from August 2013 to September 2014. Macroalgae were grown in tumble-aerated tanks, harvested bimonthly for seasonal growth calculations, and analyzed for protein, lipid, ash, and amino acid content. Growth rate of all three species exhibited a similar pattern, with the highest specific growth rates occurring during the summer months (Turkish towel: 7.8%, Pacific dulse: 8.2%, and sea lettuce: 6.2%). Growth of all three species was lowest around winter solstice; with negative growth only observed in sea lettuce. On a dry weight basis significant differences in protein content existed between the three species with highest values for sea lettuce (29.5 ± 1.4%). Lipid content varied between species (0.95-2.78%) with significantly higher lipid observed in sea lettuce (0.58-4.82%). No significant differences were detected on a seasonal basis among each species. Essential amino acids accounted for 43 ± 0.9 to 47 ± 1.2% of total amino acids with Turkish towel having the highest value. Turkish towel had a significantly higher taurine level (0.82 ± 0.27) than the other macroalgae. The levels of persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals were low. The estimated annual product of the three species ranged from 50- to 70-mt dry weight ha-1 y-1, significantly higher than conventional crops. Land-based culture of these species can produce year-round harvest, consistent product quality, and low contaminant levels.
Gadberry, Bradley A.,Colt, John,Maynard, Desmond,Boratyn, Diane C.,Webb, Ken,Johnson, Ronald B.,Saunders, Gary W.,Boyer, Richard H. The Korean Society of Phycology 2018 ALGAE Vol.33 No.1
Turkish towel (Chondracanthus exasperatus), Pacific dulse (Palmaria mollis, also known as Red ribbon seaweed), and sea lettuce (Ulva spp.) were cultivated in a land-based intensive culture system at the Manchester Research Station, USA from August 2013 to September 2014. Macroalgae were grown in tumble-aerated tanks, harvested bimonthly for seasonal growth calculations, and analyzed for protein, lipid, ash, and amino acid content. Growth rate of all three species exhibited a similar pattern, with the highest specific growth rates occurring during the summer months (Turkish towel: 7.8%, Pacific dulse: 8.2%, and sea lettuce: 6.2%). Growth of all three species was lowest around winter solstice; with negative growth only observed in sea lettuce. On a dry weight basis significant differences in protein content existed between the three species with highest values for sea lettuce ($29.5{\pm}1.4%$). Lipid content varied between species (0.95-2.78%) with significantly higher lipid observed in sea lettuce (0.58-4.82%). No significant differences were detected on a seasonal basis among each species. Essential amino acids accounted for $43{\pm}0.9$ to $47{\pm}1.2%$ of total amino acids with Turkish towel having the highest value. Turkish towel had a significantly higher taurine level ($0.82{\pm}0.27$) than the other macroalgae. The levels of persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals were low. The estimated annual product of the three species ranged from 50- to $70-mt\;dry\;weight\;ha^{-1}\;y^{-1}$, significantly higher than conventional crops. Land-based culture of these species can produce year-round harvest, consistent product quality, and low contaminant levels.
One Menu Please: Parents Want Affordable, Right-sized Portions for Their Children in Restaurants
( Seung Hee Lee-kwan ),( Sohyun Park ),( Leah Maynard ),( Heidi M. Blanck ) 한국임상영양학회 2018 Clinical Nutrition Research Vol.7 No.4
One contributing factor to the obesity epidemic is the large portion sizes served in restaurants. However, no study has looked at the parents' desire for smaller-portioned meals for their children at restaurants in the U.S. This study examined parents' preference for restaurants to offer smaller, lower-priced child portions for their children and reasons for the preference. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the association between preference for child portions and variables on parental sociodemographic characteristics and weight status. About 70% of parents said they would prefer that restaurants offer smaller, lower-priced child portions of all menu offerings. The adjusted odds of preferring child portions were significantly higher among Hispanic parents (OR, 1.95 vs. non-Hispanic whites) but significantly lower among parents with lower education (≤ high school, OR, 0.64; some college, OR, 0.69 vs. college graduate) and parents residing in the Midwest or West (Midwest, OR, 0.61; West, OR, 0.58 vs. South). The most common reason for preferring child portions of all meals was “wanting my child to eat healthier foods that are not offered on the children's menu” (72%). These findings can be used to encourage restaurants and other venues to consider offering child portions of healthier menu items.