http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Abelson Virus Transformation Prevents TRAIL Expression by Inhibiting FoxO3a and NF-kappa B
Mary K. Wilson,Sarah M. McWhirter,Rupesh H. Amin,Dan Huang,Mark S. Schlissel 한국분자세포생물학회 2010 Molecules and cells Vol.29 No.4
The Abelson Murine Leukemia Virus (A-MuLV) encodes v-Abl, an oncogenic form of the ubiquitous cellular non-receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Abl. A-MuLV specifically trans-forms murine B cell precursors both in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of v-Abl by addition of the small molecule inhibi-tor STI-571 causes these cells to arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle prior to undergoing apoptosis. We found that inhibition of v-Abl activity results in upregulation of tran-scription of the pro-apoptotic TNF-family ligand tumor-necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Similarly to BCR-Abl-transformed human cells, activation of the transcription factor Foxo3a led to increased TRAIL transcription and induction of a G1 arrest in the absence of v-Abl inhibition, and this effect could be inhibited by the expression of a constitutively active AKT mutant. Multiple pathways act to inhibit FoxO3a activity within Abelson cells. In addition to diminishing transcription factor activity via inhibitory phosphorylation by AKT family members, we found that inhibition of IKK activity results in an increase in the total protein level of FoxO3a. Furthermore over-expression of the p65 subunit of NF-B results in an in-crease in TRAIL transcription and in apoptosis and deletion of IKK and diminishes TRAIL expression and induction. We conclude that in Abelson cells, the inhibition of both NF-B and FoxO3a activity is required for suppression of TRAIL transcription and maintenance of the transformed state.
The Syntax of Po Tangle Numerals
Mary Chimaobi Amaechi 세종대학교 언어연구소 2014 Journal of Universal Language Vol.15 No.2
This paper examines the endangered numerals of Po Tangle[taŋglɛ], a minority language spoken in four local government areas in Gombe State, north eastern Nigeria. The emphasis is onthe cardinal whole numbers. The study explores the structure of complex numerals which are derived from simple lexical ones using syntactic coordination and complementation. The study adopts the packing strategy framework of Hurford (1975, 1987,2003, 2007). This framework adopted applies very widely to numeral systems that uses syntactic constructions to signal multiplication and addition. It is found out that there is no overt marker for multiplicative arithmetic operation but there are two distinct markers for additive arithmetic operation, salai and ka,while the former is used for lower complex numerals in the base of ten, the latter is found in higher complex numerals of bases hundred and thousand.
Break a Leg: An Investigation of L2 Idiom Comprehension of L1 Arabic Speakers
Mary Catherine Augstkalns,Soomin Jwa 한국영어학학회 2019 영어학연구 Vol.25 No.3
Previous research into the area of idioms in SLA has focused on the learner’s ability to comprehend idioms in the L2 without delving deeper into the processes by which they decode idioms. Therefore, this study is designed to investigate Arabic learners of L2 English for their comprehension of idioms, with a focus on the strategies they implement to decode idioms. Ten learners of English, five intermediate and five advanced, were recruited and asked to define ten transparent and ten opaque idioms. Results indicated that they all understood transparent idioms better than opaque idioms. Features of each idiom that made the participants’ comprehension challenging are identified and discussed. Also, it was found that advanced and intermediate learners used different cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies (Oxford and Burry-Stock 1995). In particular, advanced learners often used compensation strategies which, with the help of instructors, can be brought to the attention of intermediate learners as well in order to achieve a more effective ability to decode language in the L2. Also, there was an L1 effect as shown in their use of similar descriptive language when attempting to define an idiom they were unfamiliar with. Based on the findings of the study, it is suggested that teachers showcase particular compensation strategies that are suited to the level of their students and the type of idioms to teach.
Articles : Optimal Storage for a Small Open Economy under Price and Production Uncertainty
( Mary Ann Dimand ),( Robert W. Dimand ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1989 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.4 No.1
In this paper we examine welfare-maximizing storage for a small open economy subject to price and production uncertainty. We show that production decisions, and the pattern of trade in some periods, may be affected by the storability of a good.
Transformation of Japan's Civil Society Landscape
Mary Alice Haddad 동아시아연구원 2007 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.7 No.3
Japans civil society is being transformed as more people volunteer for advocacy and professional nonprofit organizations. In the American context, this trend has been accompanied by a decline in participation in traditional organizations. Does the rise in new types of nonprofit groups herald a decline of traditional volunteering in Japan? This article argues that while changes in civil rights, political opportunity structure, and technology have also taken place in Japan, they have contributed to the rise of new groups without causing traditional organizations to decline, because Japanese attitudes about civic responsibility have continued to support traditional volunteering.