INTERNATIONAL PROPERTY-LIABILITY INSURANCE CONSUMPTION

Mark J Browne,Jae Wook Chung,Edward W Frees 보험연구원 1997 조사보고서 Vol.1997 No.1

Identification of a 12-gene Fusaric Acid Biosynthetic Gene Cluster in Fusarium Species Through Comparative and Functional Genomics.

Brown, Daren W,Lee, Seung-Ho,Kim, Lee-Han,Ryu, Jae-Gee,Lee, Soohyung,Seo, Yunhee,Kim, Young Ho,Busman, Mark,Yun, Sung-Hwan,Proctor, Robert H,Lee, Theresa APS Press 2015 Molecular plant-microbe interactions Vol.28 No.3

<P>In fungi, genes involved in biosynthesis of a secondary metabolite (SM) are often located adjacent to one another in the genome and are coordinately regulated. These SM biosynthetic gene clusters typically encode enzymes, one or more transcription factors, and a transport protein. Fusaric acid is a polyketide-derived SM produced by multiple species of the fungal genus Fusarium. This SM is of concern because it is toxic to animals and, therefore, is considered a mycotoxin and may contribute to plant pathogenesis. Preliminary descriptions of the fusaric acid (FA) biosynthetic gene (FUB) cluster have been reported in two Fusarium species, the maize pathogen F. verticillioides and the rice pathogen F. fujikuroi. The cluster consisted of five genes and did not include a transcription factor or transporter gene. Here, analysis of the FUB region in F. verticillioides, F. fujikuroi, and F. oxysporum, a plant pathogen with multiple hosts, indicates the FUB cluster consists of at least 12 genes (FUB1 to FUB12). Deletion analysis confirmed that nine FUB genes, including two Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factor genes, are required for production of wild-type levels of FA. Comparisons of FUB cluster homologs across multiple Fusarium isolates and species revealed insertion of non-FUB genes at one or two locations in some homologs. Although the ability to produce FA contributed to the phytotoxicity of F. oxysporum culture extracts, lack of production did not affect virulence of F. oxysporum on cactus or F. verticillioides on maize seedlings. These findings provide new insights into the genetic and biochemical processes required for FA production.</P>

Biomechanical and Physiological Effects of Plyometric Training on Adolescent Cross-Country Runners

( Mark C. Lathrop ),( Eugene W. Brown ),( Chris J. Womack ),( V. Diarme Ulibarri ),( Chad Paton ),( Pete Osmond ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2001 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a traditional high school (14 to 18 years of age) cross-country training regimen typically used in the United States with a training program that includes plyometrics. The results of this study may be generalizable to similar training programs used by cross-country coaches of young athletes. Eighteen male and female cross-country runners were matched according to their previous running experience and randomly assigned to two groups. Participants followed a traditional cross-country training program for six weeks, except that two to three times a week the plyometrics group replaced some of their easy run training with 15-20 minutes of plyometric training. The participants were tested before and after the six-week training period. A treadmill test was used to determine running economy and VO2max. The participants were also evaluated by having them run across a force plate in order to determine support time, braking time, and braking change in velocity. Participants were also timed on a 3200-meter run in order to determine endurance performance. The dependent variables were each analyzed in a Group (PLYO vs. RUN) x Time (Pretest vs. Posttest) two-way mixed ANOVA. Participants in both groups significantly improved their running economy, (F (1, 14) = 44.47, P < .0001) and 3200-meter time, (F (1,14) = 8.13, p = .013), while braking change in velocity decreased significantly (F (1, 14) = 6.19, p = .026) from pretest to posttest. There was a trend of a Group x Time interaction effect for braking change in velocity (F(1, 14) = 3.31, p = .09) although it was not significant. The plyometric group decreased their braking change in velocity over the training period (although it was not significant), while there was no change in the running group. There were no significant differences between groups on any of the other dependent variables. These results suggest that replacing some run training with plyometrics for a short period of time in young cross-country runners does not enhance running performance or performance-related variables more than run-only training. However, the observed decrease in braking change in velocity may suggest biomechanical adaptations occur that could possibly impact performance if a long-term intervention is initiated.

Meeting Report: Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development Meeting

Mark Steven Miller,Peter J. Allen,Powel H. Brown,Andrew T. Chan,Margie L. Clapper,Roderick H. Dashwood,Shadmehr Demehri,Mary L. Disis,Raymond N. DuBois,Robert J. Glynn,Thomas W. Kensler,Seema A. Khan 대한암예방학회 2021 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.26 No.1

The Division of Cancer Prevention of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Office of Disease Prevention of the National Institutes of Health co-sponsored the Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development Meeting on August 27 to 28, 2020. The goals of this meeting were to foster the exchange of ideas and stimulate new collaborative interactions among leading cancer prevention researchers from basic and clinical research; highlight new and emerging trends in immunoprevention and chemoprevention as well as new information from clinical trials; and provide information to the extramural research community on the significant resources available from the NCI to promote prevention agent development and rapid translation to clinical trials. The meeting included two plenary talks and five sessions covering the range from pre-clinical studies with chemo/immunopreventive agents to ongoing cancer prevention clinical trials. In addition, two NCI informational sessions describing contract resources for the preclinical agent development and cooperative grants for the Cancer Prevention Clinical Trials Network were also presented.

Polycrystalline Graphene with Single Crystalline Electronic Structure

Brown, Lola,Lochocki, Edward B.,Avila, José,Kim, Cheol-Joo,Ogawa, Yui,Havener, Robin W.,Kim, Dong-Ki,Monkman, Eric J.,Shai, Daniel E.,Wei, Haofei I.,Levendorf, Mark P.,Asensio, Marí,a,Shen American Chemical Society 2014 NANO LETTERS Vol.14 No.10

<P>We report the scalable growth of aligned graphene and hexagonal boron nitride on commercial copper foils, where each film originates from multiple nucleations yet exhibits a single orientation. Thorough characterization of our graphene reveals uniform crystallographic and electronic structures on length scales ranging from nanometers to tens of centimeters. As we demonstrate with artificial twisted graphene bilayers, these inexpensive and versatile films are ideal building blocks for large-scale layered heterostructures with angle-tunable optoelectronic properties.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2014/nalefd.2014.14.issue-10/nl502445j/production/images/medium/nl-2014-02445j_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl502445j'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Chemotherapy and patient co-morbidity in ventral site hernia development

Mark A. Rettenmaier,Lisa N. Abaid,John V. Brown III,John P. Micha,Bram H. Goldstein 대한부인종양학회 2009 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.20 No.4

Objective: The risk factors associated with early ventral site hernia development following cancer surgery are ill defined and associated with an undetermined incidence. Methods: We analyzed 1,391 gynecologic cancer patient charts to identify the number of post-operative ventral site hernias over a nearly 6 year period. The following study variables were noted for evaluation: patient demographics, disease co-morbidity (hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes), body mass index (BMI), treatment (e.g., chemotherapy regimen), intra-operative (e.g., bleeding) and postoperative (e.g., infection) complications, time to hernia development and length of hospital stay. Results: Twenty-six gynecologic cancer patients who developed a post-operative ventral hernia and subsequently underwent herniorrhaphy by our gynecologic oncology service were identified. The patient group’s overall time to initial hernia development was 11.23 months. Following a multiple regression analysis, we found that treatment (e.g., bevacizumab, liposomal doxorubicin or radiotherapy associated with compromised wound healing [p=0.0186] and disease co-morbidity [0.0432]) were significant prognostic indicators for an accelerated time to hernia development. Moreover, five patients underwent treatment associated with compromised wound healing and also had disease co-morbidity. In this sub-group, post-operative hernia development occurred more rapidly (3.8 months) than the overall group of patients. BMI and age did not impact time to hernia development (p>0.05). Conclusion: In the present gynecologic cancer patient series, a tendency for early post-operative hernia development appeared to coincide with treatment associated with compromised wound healing and disease co-morbidity. Gynecologic cancer surgeons should anticipate this potential complication and consider employing prophylactic intra-operative mesh to potentially prevent this condition. Objective: The risk factors associated with early ventral site hernia development following cancer surgery are ill defined and associated with an undetermined incidence. Methods: We analyzed 1,391 gynecologic cancer patient charts to identify the number of post-operative ventral site hernias over a nearly 6 year period. The following study variables were noted for evaluation: patient demographics, disease co-morbidity (hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes), body mass index (BMI), treatment (e.g., chemotherapy regimen), intra-operative (e.g., bleeding) and postoperative (e.g., infection) complications, time to hernia development and length of hospital stay. Results: Twenty-six gynecologic cancer patients who developed a post-operative ventral hernia and subsequently underwent herniorrhaphy by our gynecologic oncology service were identified. The patient group’s overall time to initial hernia development was 11.23 months. Following a multiple regression analysis, we found that treatment (e.g., bevacizumab, liposomal doxorubicin or radiotherapy associated with compromised wound healing [p=0.0186] and disease co-morbidity [0.0432]) were significant prognostic indicators for an accelerated time to hernia development. Moreover, five patients underwent treatment associated with compromised wound healing and also had disease co-morbidity. In this sub-group, post-operative hernia development occurred more rapidly (3.8 months) than the overall group of patients. BMI and age did not impact time to hernia development (p>0.05). Conclusion: In the present gynecologic cancer patient series, a tendency for early post-operative hernia development appeared to coincide with treatment associated with compromised wound healing and disease co-morbidity. Gynecologic cancer surgeons should anticipate this potential complication and consider employing prophylactic intra-operative mesh to potentially prevent this condition.

The thermal decomposition of ammonia borane: A potential hydrogen storage material

Mark Bowden,Tom Autrey,Ian Brown,Martin Ryan 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.3,4

One equivalent of hydrogen gas is evolved from ammonia borane (NH3BH3) when it is heated above 70.C. The initial stages of thisprocess have been examined using TG/DSC, optical microscopy, and high temperature X-ray diraction. Two exothermic events havefringence. The products are believed to be a more mobile form of NH3BH3 and the diammoniate of diborane ([NH3BH2NH 3]+[BH4]. ).These products subsequently react in the second exothermic stage to generate hydrogen.

Dependency of COD on ground motion intensity and stiffness distribution

Aschheim, Mark,Maurer, Edwin,Browning, JoAnn Techno-Press 2007 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.27 No.4

Large changes in stiffness associated with cracking and yielding of reinforced concrete sections may be expected to occur during the dynamic response of reinforced concrete frames to earthquake ground shaking. These changes in stiffness in stories that experience cracking might be expected to cause relatively large peak interstory drift ratios. If so, accounting for such changes would add complexity to seismic design procedures. This study evaluates changes in an index parameter to establish whether this effect is significant. The index, known as the coefficient of distortion (COD), is defined as the ratio of peak interstory drift ratio and peak roof drift ratio. The sensitivity of the COD is evaluated statistically for five- and nine-story reinforced concrete frames having either uniform story heights or a tall first story. A suite of ten ground motion records was used; this suite was scaled to five intensity levels to cause varied degrees of damage to the concrete frame elements. Ground motion intensity was found to cause relatively small changes in mean CODs; the changes were most pronounced for changes in suite scale factor from 0.5 to 1 and from 1 to 4. While these changes were statistically significant in several cases, the magnitude of the change was sufficiently small that values of COD may be suggested for use in preliminary design that are independent of shaking intensity. Consequently, design limits on interstory drift ratio may be implemented by limiting the peak roof drift in preliminary design.

Sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy as sandwich therapy for the treatment of high risk endometrial cancer

Lisa N. Abaid,Mark A. Rettenmaier,John V. Brown III,John P. Micha,Alberto A. Mendivil,Marie A. Wabe,Bram H. Goldstein 대한부인종양학회 2012 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.23 No.1

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the tolerability and efficacy of sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of high risk endometrial cancer. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of previously untreated high risk endometrial cancer patients who received sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy in accordance with the sandwich approach from June 2008 until June 2011. High risk endometrial cancer patients underwent complete surgical staging followed by adjuvant therapy encompassing sequential chemotherapy, radiation therapy and consolidation chemotherapy. Results: The study analysis comprised 32 endometrial cancer patients. All subjects were treated with carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy; currently, 186 cycles have been administered and 94% of patients have completed the planned number of cycles. Grade 3 neutropenia developed in 1 (3.1%) patient; there was no incidence of grade 4 neutropenia. Moreover, we observed grade 3 anemia in four (12.5%) patients and grade 4 anemia in one (3.1%) patient. One (3.1%) patient developed grade 3 thrombocytopenia; grade 4 thrombocytopenia was not observed. Five patients exhibited progressive disease, three of whom have since expired; mean progression free survival and follow-up were 17.4 months and 18.9 months, respectively. Conclusion: The preliminary results from our study suggest that the sandwich approach to treating high risk endometrial cancer patients is feasible. Hematologic toxicity was well tolerated and non-hematologic toxicity was mild and easily managed. Further study of this novel regimen in a larger patient population with extended follow-up is necessary. Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the tolerability and efficacy of sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of high risk endometrial cancer. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of previously untreated high risk endometrial cancer patients who received sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy in accordance with the sandwich approach from June 2008 until June 2011. High risk endometrial cancer patients underwent complete surgical staging followed by adjuvant therapy encompassing sequential chemotherapy, radiation therapy and consolidation chemotherapy. Results: The study analysis comprised 32 endometrial cancer patients. All subjects were treated with carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy; currently, 186 cycles have been administered and 94% of patients have completed the planned number of cycles. Grade 3 neutropenia developed in 1 (3.1%) patient; there was no incidence of grade 4 neutropenia. Moreover, we observed grade 3 anemia in four (12.5%) patients and grade 4 anemia in one (3.1%) patient. One (3.1%) patient developed grade 3 thrombocytopenia; grade 4 thrombocytopenia was not observed. Five patients exhibited progressive disease, three of whom have since expired; mean progression free survival and follow-up were 17.4 months and 18.9 months, respectively. Conclusion: The preliminary results from our study suggest that the sandwich approach to treating high risk endometrial cancer patients is feasible. Hematologic toxicity was well tolerated and non-hematologic toxicity was mild and easily managed. Further study of this novel regimen in a larger patient population with extended follow-up is necessary.

Light metal hydrides - Potential hydrogen storage materials

Hayley Woolf,Ian Brown,Mark Bowden 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.3,4

Light metal nitride phases Li3BN2 and Mg 3BN3 have been synthesised as potential hydrogen storage materials. The formation pro-cesses using boron nitride and amorphous boron have been compared, showing that boron extracts nitrogen from the Li3N and Mg 3N2reactant phases and not from the nitrogen gas. This rate limiting solid state reaction is the rst in a three step reaction sequence to formthese ternary nitrides. The sensitivity of the reactions to low levels of impurity oxygen in the ow gas caused us to develop a closed reac-tion system methodology using nickel foil capsules.