Protein-based soft micro-optics fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing

Sun, Yun-Lu,Dong, Wen-Fei,Niu, Li-Gang,Jiang, Tong,Liu, Dong-Xu,Zhang, Lu,Wang, Ying-Shuai,Chen, Qi-Dai,Kim, Dong-Pyo,Sun, Hong-Bo Nature Publishing Group 2014 Light, science & applications Vol.3 No.1

<P>In this work, we report a novel soft diffractive micro-optics, called 'microscale kinoform phase-type lens (micro-KPL)', which is fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as building blocks and flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slices as substrates. By carefully optimizing various process parameters of FsLDW (e. g., average laser power density, scanning step, exposure time on a single point and protein concentration), the as-formed protein micro-KPLs exhibit excellent surface quality, well-defined three-dimensional (3D) geometry and distinctive optical properties, even in relatively harsh operation environments (for instance, in strong acid or base). Laser shaping, imaging and other optical performances can be easily achieved. More importantly, micro-KPLs also have unique flexible and stretchable properties as well as good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Therefore, such protein hydrogel-based micro-optics may have great potential applications, such as in flexible and stretchable photonics and optics, soft integrated optical microsystems and bioimplantable devices.</P>

Risk Assessment of Secondary Primary Malignancies in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Big-Data Intelligence Platform-Based Analysis of 6,377 Long-term Survivors from an Endemic Area Treated with Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy during 2003-2013

Lu-Lu Zhang,Guo-Hong Li,Yi-Yang Li,Zhen-Yu Qi,Ai-Hua Lin,Ying Sun 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.3

Purpose The incidence, risk factors and survival impact of secondary primary malignancies (SPMs) among survivors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with definitive intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with or without chemotherapy are poorly characterized. Materials and Methods Consecutive patients (n=6,377) from the big-data intelligence platform at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, China (in a high-incidence area) with newly diagnosed non-metastatic pathologically proven non-keratinizing undifferentiated NPC treated with IMRT±chemotherapy between January 2003 and June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Cumulative incidence of SPMs was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify potential risk factors for SPMs and assess whether SPMs affect overall survival. Results Of the 6,377 patients, 189 (3.0%) suffered SPMs (median follow-up, 62 months). One-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-cumulative risks of SPMs were 0.4%, 0.9%, 1.6%, 2.2%, and 2.6%, respectively. Latency from start of IMRT to SPMs diagnosis was 37 months (range, 6 to 102 months). In patients with SPMs, 14.3% suffered SPMs within 1 year post-IMRT: 1-3 years, 38.1%; 3-5 years, 33.9%; and > 5 years, 13.7%. Lung cancer was the most common SPM (50/6,377, 0.78%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated sex (male, 64% increase), age (! 50 years, 68% increase), and smoking history (41% increase) were significant risk factors for SPMs, and SPMs were associated with poorer overall survival. Conclusion This large cohort study confirms SPMs a dreadful complication for long-term survivors of NPC treated with IMRT. SPMs negatively impact overall survival in NPC. Close follow-up is recommended for older male survivors with a smoking history.

A study of hydroelastic behavior of hinged VLFS

Sun, Yonggang,Lu, Da,Xu, Jin,Zhang, Xiantao The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2018 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.10 No.2

This paper introduces a new method to study the hydroelastic behavior of hinged Very Large Floating Structures (VLFSs). A hinged two-module structure is used to confirm the present approach. For each module, the hydroelasticity theory proposed by Lu et al. (2016) is adopted to consider the coupled effects of wave dynamics and structural deformation. The continuous condition at the connection position between two adjacent modules is also satisfied. Then the hydroelastic motion equation can be established and numerically solved to obtain the vertical displacement, force and bending moment of the hinged structure. The results calculated by the present new method are compared with those obtained using three-dimensional hydroelasticity theory (Fu et al., 2007), which shows rather good agreement.

Wood anatomy of Gmelina arborea Roxb

( Sun Lu ),( Su Kyoung Chun ) 한국임학회 2006 한국임학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

Wood anatomy of Tectona grandis L.

( Sun Lu ),( Su Kyoung Chun ) 한국임학회 2006 한국임학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

Study on Electrical Aging Characteristics of Fiber Sheath Materials in Power Transformer Oil

Sun Lu,Fan Xiaozhou,Jiang Shuo,Wang Bowen,Liu Yunpeng,Gao Shuguo,Meng Lingming 대한전기학회 2019 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.14 No.1

Optical fiber has great potential in the development of online monitoring for trans-formers. In this paper, the electrical aging test of fiber sheath material based on a gradual voltage-rising method was performed and the influence of thermal aging on electrical aging was determined. Compared to the oil-paper insulation performance of traditional transformers, it was found that ethylene tetrafluoroethylene(ETFE), polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) and Polyamide 12 (PA 12) were better than oil-paper. Statistical analysis of the ETFE material and oil-paper test data was conducted using double-parameter Weibull distribution. The inverse power and exponential functions were used to fit the experimental data and voltage tolerance coefficients of the ETFE material were obtained. Experimental results show the parameters of the ETFE model in the inverse power function and exponential function model are better than those of the oil paper insulation, and the sheathed fiber is ETFE that can be stably operated in the transformer.

Large-Scale Genome-Wide Association Study of East Asians Identifies Loci Associated With Risk for Colorectal Cancer

Lu, Yingchang,Kweon, Sun-Seog,Tanikawa, Chizu,Jia, Wei-Hua,Xiang, Yong-Bing,Cai, Qiuyin,Zeng, Chenjie,Schmit, Stephanie L.,Shin, Aesun,Matsuo, Keitaro,Jee, Sun Ha,Kim, Dong-Hyun,Kim, Jeongseon,Wen, Wa Elsevier 2019 Gastroenterology Vol.156 No.5

<P><B>Background & Aims</B></P> <P>Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have associated approximately 50 loci with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC)—nearly one third of these loci were initially associated with CRC in studies conducted in East Asian populations. We conducted a GWAS of East Asians to identify CRC risk loci and evaluate the generalizability of findings from GWASs of European populations to Asian populations.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We analyzed genetic data from 22,775 patients with CRC (cases) and 47,731 individuals without cancer (controls) from 14 studies in the Asia Colorectal Cancer Consortium. First, we performed a meta-analysis of 7 GWASs (10,625 cases and 34,595 controls) and identified 46,554 promising risk variants for replication by adding them to the Multi-Ethnic Global Array (MEGA) for genotype analysis in 6445 cases and 7175 controls. These data were analyzed, along with data from an additional 5705 cases and 5961 controls genotyped using the OncoArray. We also obtained data from 57,976 cases and 67,242 controls of European descent. Variants at identified risk loci were functionally annotated and evaluated in correlation with gene expression levels.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>A meta-analyses of all samples from people of Asian descent identified 13 loci and 1 new variant at a known locus (10q24.2) associated with risk of CRC at the genome-wide significance level of <I>P</I> < 5 × 10<SUP>–8</SUP>. We did not perform experiments to replicate these associations in additional individuals of Asian ancestry. However, the lead risk variant in 6 of these loci was also significantly associated with risk of CRC in European descendants. A strong association (44%–75% increase in risk per allele) was found for 2 low-frequency variants: rs201395236 at 1q44 (minor allele frequency, 1.34%) and rs77969132 at 12p11.21 (minor allele frequency, 1.53%). For 8 of the 13 associated loci, the variants with the highest levels of significant association were located inside or near the protein-coding genes <I>L1TD1</I>, <I>EFCAB2</I>, <I>PPP1R21</I>, <I>SLCO2A1</I>, <I>HLA-G</I>, <I>NOTCH4</I>, <I>DENND5B</I>, and <I>GNAS</I>. For other intergenic loci, we provided evidence for the possible involvement of the genes <I>ALDH7A1</I>, <I>PRICKLE1</I>, <I>KLF5</I>, <I>WWOX</I>, and <I>GLP2R</I>. We replicated findings for 41 of 52 previously reported risk loci.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>We showed that most of the risk loci previously associated with CRC risk in individuals of European descent were also associated with CRC risk in East Asians. Furthermore, we identified 13 loci significantly associated with risk for CRC in Asians. Many of these loci contained genes that regulate the immune response, Wnt signaling to β-catenin, prostaglandin E2 catabolism, and cell pluripotency and proliferation. Further analyses of these genes and their variants is warranted, particularly for the 8 loci for which the lead CRC risk variants were not replicated in persons of European descent.</P>

Ginsenoside compound K protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells against oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced injury via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB, p38, and JNK MAPK pathways

Lu, Shan,Luo, Yun,Zhou, Ping,Yang, Ke,Sun, Guibo,Sun, Xiaobo The Korean Society of Ginseng 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.1

Background: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) causes vascular endothelial cell inflammatory response and apoptosis and plays an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a metabolite produced by the hydrolysis of ginsenoside Rb1, possesses strong anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether or not CK protects ox-LDL-damaged endothelial cells and the potential mechanisms have not been elucidated. Methods: In our study, cell viability was tested using a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl-)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Expression levels of interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. Mitochondrial membrane potential (${\Delta}{\Psi}m$) was detected using JC-1. The cell apoptotic percentage was measured by the Annexin V/ propidium iodide (PI) assay, lactate dehydrogenase, and caspase-3 expression. Apoptosis-related proteins, nuclear factor $(NF)-{\kappa}B$, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways protein expression were quantified by Western blotting. Results: Our results demonstrated that CK could ameliorate ox-LDL-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) inflammation and apoptosis, $NF-{\kappa}B$ nuclear translocation, and the phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, anisomycin, an activator of p38 and JNK, significantly abolished the anti-apoptotic effects of CK. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that CK prevents ox-LDL-induced HUVECs inflammation and apoptosis through inhibiting the $NF-{\kappa}B$, p38, and JNK MAPK signaling pathways. Thus, CK is a candidate drug for atherosclerosis treatment.

Research on the Accounting Fraud Approaches of Listed Companies in China

Lu Sun,Lin lin Ren People&Global Business Association 2017 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.22 No.1

After more than 20 years of vigorous development, there are more than 2,800 Chinese domestic listing companies by 2015, however, there is still endless stream of accounting fraud. Every year a number of companies have been punished by China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) because of kinds of accounting fraud, This paper (1) define violation of information disclosure ; (2) set conceptual framework of accounting fraud; (3) presents a profile of accounting fraud approaches by reviewing the selective sample of alleged accounting fraud cases from 2011-2015 by CSRC; (4) demonstrates that Chinese listed companies show an obvious preference to the violation of information disclosure other than financial statement fraud; and (5) violation of integrality played a very important role within violation of information disclosure, such as disclosure information incompletely of guarantee, relation transaction and wayward stock trade etc. We examine the characteristics and typical methods of accounting fraud at this stage by the routine descriptive statistics. The sample comes from the penalties of CSRC over the five-year period from 2011-2015. This paper shed light on the facts that accounting fraud has not been controlled effectively, although there are sound system with respect to accounting standards, corporate governance, internal control, business operation and risk management, in fact, it has just been switched to violation of information fraud from financial statement fraud.

The Predictive Value of Pre-therapeutic Serum Gamma-glutamyl transferase in Efficacy and Adverse Reactions to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy among Breast Cancer Patients

Lu Sun,Wenjin Yin,Ziping Wu,Yaohui Wang,Jinsong Lu 한국유방암학회 2020 Journal of breast cancer Vol.23 No.5

Purpose: Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) has been reported as being involved in tumor progression. Previous studies documented a potential relationship between serum GGT level and survival outcome in several types of human malignancies. However, the association between serum GGT levels and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has not yet been reported. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between pre-therapeutic serum GGT level and the efficacy, long-term survival, and adverse reactions of NAC and to investigate its role in predicting NAC sensitivity in patients with breast cancer. Methods: A total of 129 patients were recruited and stratified into 2 groups according to serum GGT level (< 29 U/L and ≥ 29 U/L). The association between pre-therapeutic serum GGT levels and clinicopathological parameters was examined. The correlation between pre-therapeutic serum GGT levels and pathological complete response (pCR) was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Survival analyses of relapse-free survival (RFS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were performed. Pearson's χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression model were used to analyze the correlation between pre-therapeutic serum GGT levels and adverse reactions. Results: Pre-therapeutic serum GGT levels were associated with pCR among breast cancer patients treated with NAC. Multivariate analysis showed that low-level GGT significantly increased pCR rate. Patients in the high-level GGT group had poorer survival than those in the low-level GGT group. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that serum GGT level was potentially related to RFS and DFS in the hormone receptor-positive group. Low levels of GGT are significantly associated with a higher incidence of neutropenia. Conclusion: Pre-therapeutic serum GGT level is an independent and novel biomarker for predicting the efficiency, prognosis, and adverse reactions to NAC in breast cancer patients. Patients with low pre-therapeutic serum GGT levels are more likely to have higher pCR rates, better RFS and DFS, and higher hematologic toxicity.