중국 의료위생정책 변동과정 분석

이성춘(Li Sheng Chun),이재술(Lee Jae Sul),이민창(Lee Min Chang) 한국지방정부학회 2014 지방정부연구 Vol.18 No.3

본 연구는 역사적 제도주의의 경로진화 모형을 통해 중국 의료위생정책의 진화경로를 확인해 보는 것에 목적이 있다. 분석 결과 의료위생 정책 변동 패턴은 가겹, 가겹, 표류, 전환이 뒤섞인 역동적 과정을 통해 진화해왔다. 의료서비스 공급부족에 따른 문제를 해결하기 위해 각종 조치들이 추가되는 과정과 시장화에 따른 규제개혁의 조치는 가겹으로 해석된다. 이후 합작의료가 와해되고 자비 의료가 증가되는 표류, 공공성 강화를 위한 각종 조치들이 시행되는 전환의 과정을 거친 것이다. 행위자들의 관점에서 정책변동은 단순한 환경 변화만을 뜻하지 않는다. 이들은 전략적 행동변화를 통해 자신들의 이익을 최대화 하고, 이 과정에서 예기치 못한 정책 표류의 현상이 나타날 수 있음을 확인했다. The object of this study is to examine the progress of evolution in Chinese medical and sanitation service policies through the path evolution model of historical institutionalism. The result of the analysis shows that the variation pattern of medical and sanitation service policy has been evolved with dynamic progress including layering, drift and conversion. Both the process of various measures are added in order to solve the problem derived from deficient medical supply and regulatory reform according to marketization could be interpreted as layering. Policy has been gone through the drift which refers to the increase of medical treatment that patients pays by themselves after cooperative medical treatment and conversion that various kinds of measures were executed to enforce the public nature. From the actors' point of view, fluctuation in policy does not mean only the environmental change. They verified that through the strategic change in behavior, they could maximize their benefits, and also drift of policy could occur in this process.

대전·충남지역 보건소 간호사의 보건사업 수행에 관한 조사연구

홍춘실,김현리,신창례,한창옥 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.1

This study was purposed to find out the health service performance of public health nurses in Taejon and Chungnam area. The study subjects was public health nurses,119 and data collection was performed from 3.Sep.1990 to 30.Nov. 1990. The research scale was made by Community Health Nursing Academic Affairs and revealed to health service dimension in health center. The result were as follows : 1. General characteristics of subjects. We can notice the most largest distributions in each characteristics: 1) Marrital status : the married(72.3) 2) Religion : the protestant(33.6) 3) The career in hospital : 1-4years group(37.8) 4) The possession of licence and qualification : double licenses or qualification possession. Only 2% of subjects had bachelor degree. The distribution of working part was that : family planning(31.1%),infant and child(29.4%), clinic(15.1%), TB management(9.2%), others(9.2%), immunization (4.2%) injection part(1.7%). 2. Work performance according to the dimension of health project was that : planning(2.771),other official affairs(2.501), infant and child care(2.442), others special project(2.424), prenatal care(2.303), postpartum care (2.296), family planning(2.267), disease control(1.933), delivery care(1.904), TB management(1.827), practice education(1.748), other health projects( 1.677), and there was a high performance score in guide and education items and record and report items relatively. . 3.Work performance according to general characteristics There was a statistically significant differences in work performance score of planning dimension according to age, marrital status, working place and working part, and in work performance score of disease control dimension according to religion, and in work performance score of other dimension according to marrital status,and in work performance score of planning,infant & child care, family planning, practice education, other official affairs and other health projects according to working places. There was a statistically significant differences in work performance score of planning, prenatal care, postpartum care, infant & child care, family planning, disease control and others dimension according to working part.

Distributed Control for Uncertain Nonlinear Multiagent Systems Subject to Hybrid Faults

Chang-chun Hua,Zhijie Li,Kuo Li,Shuzong Chen,Jie Sun 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2020 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.18 No.10

This paper investigates a distributed consensus control problem for a class of uncertain nonlinear multiagent systems with hybrid faults. Most of the existing works about consensus control for multi-agent systems solely consider either actuator faults or process faults. Different from the works, the more comprehensive hybrid faults are proposed which mainly focusing on both process and actuator faults occur simultaneously. For the nonlinear multiagent systems with uncertainties, we propose a less conservative consensus strategy which relaxes the conservative condition on nonlinear terms. Subsequently, the novel distributed consensus strategy is proposed with the help of a backstepping design method. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved strictly that the proposed controllers make the followers reach an agreement on a certain quantity of common interest. Finally, a simulation example is given to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical result.

Dynamics of Endogenous Phytohormones during Phase Change in Peach

Chun Min Li,Xin Zhong Zhang,Ya Qin Wu,Guo Jian Liu,Guang Peng Wang,Rui Feng Chang,Huai Rui Shu 한국원예학회 2008 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

In Vivo Effects of Ginseng Saponins on Hair Follicle Development in C57BL/6 Mouse Model

Zheng Li,Li Juan Gu,Mi Ra Lee,Bai Shen Sun,Jing Jie Li,Dong Liang Zhang,Lei Liu,Chun Yan Wang,Zhen Wang,Beom Sik Yun,Chang Keun Sung 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2009 한국식품저장유통학회 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.-

Traditional Chinese medicine attenuates hospitalization and mortality risks in diabetic patients with carcinoma in situ in Taiwan

Tsai Li-Jen,Chung Chi-Hsiang,Lin Chien-Jung,Su Sheng-Chiang,Kuo Feng-Chih,Liu Jhih-Syuan,Chen Kuan-Chan,Ho Li-Ju,Kuo Chih-Chun,Chang Chun-Yung,Lin Ming-Hsun,Chu Nain-Feng,Lee Chien-Hsing,Hsieh Chang-H 한국한의학연구원 2022 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.11 No.2

Background: Diabetic patients are at high risk of developing cancer. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has become increasingly popular as an adjuvant treatment for patients with chronic diseases, and some studies have identified its beneficial effect in diabetic patients with cancer. The purpoes of this study was to outline the potential of TCM to attenuate hospitalization and mortality rates in diabetic patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS). Methods: A total of 6,987 diabetic subjects with CIS under TCM therapy were selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, along with 38,800 of 1:1 sex-, age-, and index year-matched controls without TCM therapy. Cox proportional hazard analysis was conducted to compare hospitalization and mortality rates during an average of 15 years of follow-up. Results: A total of 3,999/1,393 enrolled-subjects (28.62%/9.97%) had hospitalization/mortality, including 1,777/661 in the TCM group (25.43%/9.46%) and 2,222/732 in the control group (31.80%/10.48%). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed a lower rate of hospitalization and mortality for subjects in the TCM group (adjusted HR=0.536; 95% CI=0.367–0.780, P<0.001; adjusted HR=0.783; 95% CI=0.574– 0.974, P = 0.022). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the cumulative risk of hospitalization and mortality in the case and control groups was significantly different (log rank, P<0.001 and P = 0.011, respectively). Conclusions: Diabetic patients with CIS under TCM therapy were associated with lower hospitalization and mortality rates compared to those without TCM therapy. Thus, TCM application may reduce the burden of national medical resources.

Evaluation of the Oral Acute Toxicity of Black Ginseng in Rats

Mi-Ra Lee,Chang-Jin Oh,Zheng Li,Jing-Jie Li,Chun-Yan Wang,Zhen Wang,Li-Juan Gu,Sang-Hwa Lee,Jae-Il Lee,Beong-Ou Lim,Chang-Keun Sung 고려인삼학회 2011 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.35 No.1

We studied the acute oral toxicity of black ginseng (BG) produced by heat process in rats. Single acute BG extract doses of 0, 5, 10, and 15 g/㎏ dissolved in saline were administered by oral gavage and the animals were kept under observation for 14 days. The single administration of BG extract up to 15 g/㎏ did not produce mortality, behavioral change or abnormal clinical signs in the rats. These results indicated that the oral LD?? of the BG extract in the rats is higher than 15 g/㎏. Compared to the control group, no treatment-related biologically signifi cant effects of BG extract were noted in the measurements of the body weight or food intake. At the end of the period, the biochemical parameters and hematological parameters were analyzed in the plasma and blood. A histopathological examination of the liver and kidney was also conducted. Only the blood nitrogen urea and potassium levels in the biochemical indices showed signifi cant differences at 10 and 15 g/㎏ doses of BG extract compared to the control group. These changes were not considered to be due to the toxicity. None of the other clinical chemistry parameters were affected. Therefore, these results indicate that the BG by heat processing is virtually nontoxic.

Evaluation of the Oral Acute Toxicity of Black Ginseng in Rats

Lee, Mi-Ra,Oh, Chang-Jin,Li, Zheng,Li, Jing-Jie,Wang, Chun-Yan,Wang, Zhen,Gu, Li-Juan,Lee, Sang-Hwa,Lee, Jae-Il,Lim, Beong-Ou,Sung, Chang-Keun The Korean Society of Ginseng 2011 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.35 No.1

We studied the acute oral toxicity of black ginseng (BG) produced by heat process in rats. Single acute BG extract doses of 0, 5, 10, and 15 g/kg dissolved in saline were administered by oral gavage and the animals were kept under observation for 14 days. The single administration of BG extract up to 15 g/kg did not produce mortality, behavioral change or abnormal clinical signs in the rats. These results indicated that the oral $LD_{50}$ of the BG extract in the rats is higher than 15 g/kg. Compared to the control group, no treatment-related biologically significant effects of BG extract were noted in the measurements of the body weight or food intake. At the end of the period, the biochemical parameters and hematological parameters were analyzed in the plasma and blood. A histopathological examination of the liver and kidney was also conducted. Only the blood nitrogen urea and potassium levels in the biochemical indices showed significant differences at 10 and 15 g/kg doses of BG extract compared to the control group. These changes were not considered to be due to the toxicity. None of the other clinical chemistry parameters were affected. Therefore, these results indicate that the BG by heat processing is virtually nontoxic.

Application of Block Diagonal Technique to a Hamiltonian Matrix in Performing Spin-splitting Calculations for GaN Wurtzite Materials

Chun-Nan Chen,Sheng-Hsiung Chang,Wei-Long Su,Wan-Tsang Wang,Hsiu-Fen Kao,Jen-Yi Jen,Yiming Li 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.60 No.3

The bulk inversion asymmetry (Dresselhaus) terms (i.e., B2, B1, and B01 terms) of wurtzite materials are determined. The 2 × 2 conduction band, 2 × 2 heavy-hole band, 2 × 2 light-hole band,and 2 × 2 crystal-field split-off hole band matrices of wurtzite semiconductors are developed and decoupled by using a block diagonal technique. Importantly, those 2 × 2 block diagonal matrices incorporate not only the interband coupling effect but also the bulk inversion asymmetry effect. Analytical expressions for the conduction and the valence band spin-splitting parameters and energies of GaN wurtzite materials are formulated by solving the block diagonal matrices. The presence of these terms is shown to include the spin-splitting phenomenon. The bulk inversion asymmetry (Dresselhaus) terms (i.e., B2, B1, and B01 terms) of wurtzite materials are determined. The 2 × 2 conduction band, 2 × 2 heavy-hole band, 2 × 2 light-hole band,and 2 × 2 crystal-field split-off hole band matrices of wurtzite semiconductors are developed and decoupled by using a block diagonal technique. Importantly, those 2 × 2 block diagonal matrices incorporate not only the interband coupling effect but also the bulk inversion asymmetry effect. Analytical expressions for the conduction and the valence band spin-splitting parameters and energies of GaN wurtzite materials are formulated by solving the block diagonal matrices. The presence of these terms is shown to include the spin-splitting phenomenon.

Impact of Peri-Operative Anemia and Blood Transfusions in Patients with Gastric Cancer Receiving Gastrectomy

Chang, Chih-Chun,Sun, Jen-Tang,Chen, Jing-Yuan,Chen, Yi-Ting,Li, Pei-Yu,Lee, Tai-Chen,Su, Ming-Jang,Wu, Jiann-Ming,Yen, Tzung-Hai,Chu, Fang-Yeh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.3

Background: Potential disadvantages of blood transfusion during curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer have been reported, and the role of peri-operative transfusions remains to be ascertained. Thus, the aim of our study was to survey its impact in patients with gastric cancer undergoinging gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: Clinical data of patients receiving curative gastrectomy at Far Eastern Memorial Hospital were obtained. Findings for pre-operative anemia states, pre-, peri- and post-operative transfusion of red blood cell (RBC) products as well as post-operative complication events were collected for univariate analysis. Results: A total of 116 patients with gastric cancer received gastrectomy at Far Eastern Memorial Hospital from 2011 to 2014. Both pre-operative and intra- and post-operative transfusion of RBC products were markedly associated with post-operative infectious events (OR: 3.70, 95% CI: 1.43-9.58, P=0.002; OR: 8.20, 95% CI: 3.11-22.62, P<0.001, respectively). In addition, peri- and post-operative RBC transfusion was significantly associated with prolonged hospital stay from admission to discharge (OR: 8.66, 95% CI: 1.73-83.00, P=0.002) and post-operative acute renal failure (OR: 19.69, 95% CI: 2.66-854.56, P<0.001). Also, the overall survival was seemingly decreased by peri-operative RBC transfusion in our gastric cancer cases (P=0.078). Conclusions: Our survey indicated that peri-operative RBC transfusion could increase the risk of infectious events and acute renal failure post curative gastrectomy as well as worsen the overall survival in gastric cancer cases. Hence, unnecessary blood transfusion before, during and after curative gastrectomy should be avoided in patients with gastric cancer.