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( Jae Yeong Cho ),( Kye Hun Kim ),( Kyung Jin Lee ),( Yi Rang Yim ),( Sung Soo Kim ),( Hae Chang Jeong ),( Ki Hong Lee ),( Keun Ho Park ),( Doo Sun Sim ),( Hyun Ju Yoon ),( Nam Sik Yun ),( Young Joon 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background:Since severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is an uncommon fi nding which develops in various conditions, the present study aimed to investigate etiology, clinical characteristics, and predictors of reversibility in patients with severe TR. Methods:A total of 232 patients (67. 4±14. 1 years, 80 males) who were diagnosed with severe TR by echocardiography were enrolled. Severe TR was defi ned as vena contracta width greater than 0. 7 cm and systolic fi ow reversal in hepatic veins according to the current guideline of American Society of Echocardiography (ASE). Improvement of TR to moderate or less degree on follow up echocardiography was considered as reversible TR in the present study. Primary end points were adverse events at long-term follow-up. Adverse events were defi ned as all-cause death and operation due to severe TR. Results: Reversible TR was observed in 35 out of 153 patients (23. 0%). Sixty-one patients showed clinical improvement, but the degree of TR was not changed. Forty-nine patients (32%) who did not show clinical improvement despite of medical therapy eventually underwent surgical correction of TR, and 7 patients died. In addition, 17 patients died without operation, so 24 deaths (16%) were observed in total. finally, total adverse events developed in 66 patients (41%) during 2 years of follow-up period. Logistic regression analysis revealed prosthetic mitral valve was the only independent predictors of future adverse events (OR 2. 47, 95%CI 1. 05-5. 77, p=0. 038). Independent predictors of improved TR turned out to be the use of RAAS blockade (HR 3. 02, 95%CI 1. 12-8. 17, p=0. 030) and the use of spironolactone (HR 3. 39, 95%CI 1. 05-10. 90, p=0. 041). Low ejection fraction (LVEF <50%) also had a trend toward the reversibility (HR 2. 82, 95%CI 0. 94-8. 40). Conclusions:Considering results above, reversible severe TR mainly associated with left heart failure and medical treatment should be given before considering surgery for severe TR.
흉부 디지털 방사선 촬영 시 C-D phantom을 이용한 촬영조건에 따른 영상 평가
이인자(In-Ja Lee) · 김유현(You-Hyun Kim) · 김창남(Chang-Nam Kim) · 이창엽(Chang-Yeob Lee) · 박계연(Kye-Yeon Park) 대한방사선과학회(구 대한방사선기술학회) 2009 방사선기술과학 Vol.32 No.1
흉부 DR 촬영 시 적당한 촬영조건을 알아보기 위해 C-D phantom을 이용한 영상의 평가를 식별능과 입상성 및 선량의 관계로 알아본 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 환자 입사선량(ESE)은 관전압이 증가됨에 따라 감소되었다. 2. 노출조건 중 관전압 변화에 따른 C-D phantom의 식별능은 110 kVp에서 가장 잘 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 노출비(mAs) 변화에 따른 식별능은 낮은 노출비(0.5배)에서는 90 kVp에서 가장 잘 보였으며, 노출비가 (1.5배)인 경우 110 kVp에서 가장 잘 보임을 알 수 있었고, 노출을 많이 했을 때가 식별이 잘 됨을 알 수 있었다. 4. 관전압 110 kVp에서 노출비에 따른 입상성은 1.5배일 때가 가장 좋으며, 노출비 1.5배일 때 관전압 변화 시 입상성은 110 kVp일 때가 가장 좋다. 따라서 환자의 피폭선량(Detector에 입사되는 선량은 동일)은 kVp 증가 시 작으며, 적당한 kVp는 110, 선량비는 1.0배에 비해 1.5배로 양을 많이 주었을 때가 식별이 잘 되었고, 입상성 또한 노출비가 1.5배일 때 좋으며 관전압은 110 kVp일 때가 좋았다. 그러나 노출비를 많이 주면 환자가 받는 선량이 증가됨으로 본 연구에 의하면, 노출조건을 신중히 설정하여야 할 것이다. To find out proper photographing conditions in the chest DR imaging, the evaluation of images using the C-D phantom was carried out on relationship of identification capability, graininess, and exposure ratio. The conclusions were obtained as follows. 1. The patient’s entrance skin Exposure (ESE) was decreased as tube voltage was increased. 2. According to the tube voltage change, the C-D phantom's identification capability of the exposure conditions was most visible at 110 kVp. 3. The identification capability according to the exposure ratio (mAs) change was most visible at 90 kVp for 0.5 times of low exposure ratio and at 110 kVp for 1.5 times. Therefore, it is known that the images were able to be better identified at a high exposure than a low exposure. 4. The graininess according to the exposure ratio at tube voltage of 110 kVp resulted in the best thing at 1.5 times of ratio when the exposure ratio was 1.5 times increased and the tube voltage was changed, the graininess showed the best result at 110 kVp. Therefore, the patient’s exposure dose was low when kVp was increased and the adequate kVp was found to be 110. The image was better identified when exposure ratio was 1.5 times compared to 1.0 times. The graininess was also good when the exposure ratio became 1.5 times. The tube voltage was good at 110 kVp. However, once the exposure ratio is increased, the amount of radiation dose that the patients received get increased, so that the exposure condition has to be thoroughly considered.
Chang, Nam-Sub,Jeong, Kye-Heon 한국패류학회 1995 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.11 No.2
한국산 산민달팽이 (Incilaria fruhstorferi)의 자성 생식기관을 조직화학적 방법을 이용, 광학현미경으로 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 알부민선(albumen gland)은 대자웅동체관 위에 있으며, 산성 점액다당류와 중성 점액다당류 그리고 단백질성 분비물을 형성하는 세포들로 구성되어 있었다. 수정실(fertilization chamber)을 구성하는 내강 상피는 불규칙한 단층섬모원주상피와 위중층섬모원주상피세포가 3대 1의 비율로 구성되어 있으며, 결합조직에서 형성된 산성점액다다류성 과립들이 상피세포를 거쳐 내강 속으로 분비되었다. 또한 수정실의 외측표면은 기능은 알 수 없으나 산성 점액다당류를 분비하는 대형 세포들로 둘러싸여 있었다 . 수란관(oviduct)의 내강은 크로 작은 돌기로 인해 별모양을 나타내었다. 내강은 위중층원주상피세포로 구성되었으며 그들 사이에서 분비세포의 존재는 확인되지 않았다.질(vagina)의내강은 덮은 세포는 해면조직 형태의 세포와 단층섬모원주상피세포 그리고 위중층섬모원주상피세포 등 다양한 종류로 구성되어 있었으며, 잘 발달된 두터운 근육층은 질의 신축성을 높여 주었다. 정자낭(spermatheca)은 그 형태와 크기, 색깔 등이 종에 따라 다양하고, 질과 연결되는 자성생식기관으로 알려져 있다.
Chang, Nam-Sub,Jeong, Kye-Heon,Kim, Young-Un The Malacological Society of Korea 1995 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.11 No.1
한국산 산민달팽이(Incilaria frushtorferi)의 웅성생식기관 및 자웅공통생식기관에 대하여 조직화학적 방법을 이용하여 염색하고 광학현미경으로 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다.1. 자웅동체관은 가늘고 꾸불꾸불하고 긴 관으로 대부분 성숙한 정자로 가득차 있었다. 이 관의 내강상피는 단충섬모상피와 단층섬모원주상피 그리고 위중층 원주상패 등 다양한 세포로 구성되어 있었다.2. 대자웅동체관은 위로 소자웅동체관과 알부민성이 있으며, 그 밑으로는 수란관과 연결되어 있었다.이들의 내강상피는 불규칙한 단층섬모원주상피로 구성되어 있으며, 결합조직내 선세포로부터 형성된 산성 및 중성 점액성 과립들이 기막을 통과하여 내강 속으로 분비되었다.3. 전립선의 내강은 키 큰 단층원주섬모세포로 구성되었으며, 결합조직 내의 분비과립세포에서 형성된 중성 점액과립을 상피세포를 통해 내강으로 분비하였다.4. 정관은 직경 0.5 x 0.25mm 정도인 타원형의 관상구조로 이루어져 있고, 이 관을 0.1mm정도의 매우 두터운 근육층이 둘러싸고 있었다.5. 수정관의 내강은 결합조직성 돌기에 의해 4부분으로 분지되어 있으며 내강은 키 큰 단층섬모원주상피세포로 구성되어 있었다. 또한 수정관 주위에는 두터운 환상근층이 둘러싸고 있었는데, 이들 사이에서 2종의 분비성 과립이 확인되었다.6. 상음경은 내강이 십자로 열려있으며, 키 큰 단층섬모원주상피와 단층입방상피세포로 구성되어 있었다. 내강을 구성하는 근육들은 매우 두터웁고 환상근층과 종주근층이 교대로 둘러싸고 있었다.7. 음겨은 상음경이 점점 굵어져서 형성된 큰 형성된 큰 생식기관으로 내강은 주름 형태인 많은 돌기들을 가지고 있었다. 내강상피 세포는 키가 단층원주상피세포와 단층입방상피가 부위에 따라 다르게 분포하고 있으며, 상피세포 및 결합조직에는 두터운 근육층이 있어 음경의강한 운동성이 감지 되었다.
Lee, Nam-Hun,Seo, Chang-Seob,Lee, Ho-young,Jung, Da-Young,Lee, Jun-Kyung,Lee, Jin-Ah,Song, Kye Yong,Shin, Hyeun-kyoo,Lee, Mee-Young,Seo, Young Bae,Kim, Hokyoung,Ha, Hyekyung Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2012 No.-
<P>The fruit of <I>Cornus officinalis </I>Sieb. et Zucc. is commonly prescribed in Asian countries as a tonic formula. In this study, the hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extracts of the fruit of <I>C. officinalis</I> (ECO) was investigated in a mouse model of acetaminophen- (APAP-) induced liver injury. Pretreatment of mice with ECO (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg for 7 days) significantly prevented the APAP (200 mg/kg) induced hepatic damage as indicated by the serum marker enzymes (AST, ALT, and LDH). Parallel to these changes, ECO treatment also prevented APAP-induced oxidative stress in the mice liver by inhibiting lipid peroxidation (MDA) and restoring the levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and HO-1) and glutathione. Liver injury and collagen accumulation were assessed using histological studies by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Our results indicate that ECO can prevent hepatic injuries associated with APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by preventing or alleviating oxidative stress.</P>
MRAM Technology for High Density Memory Application
Kim, Chang-Shuk,Jang, In-Woo,Lee, Kye-Nam,Lee, Seaung-Suk,Park, Sung-Hyung,Park, Gun-Sook,Ban, Geun-Do,Park, Young-Jin The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2002 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.2 No.3
MRAM(magnetic random access memory) is a promising candidate for a universal memory with non-volatile, fast operation speed and low power consumption. The simplest architecture of MRAM cell is a combination of MTJ(magnetic tunnel junction) as a data storage part and MOS transistor as a data selection part. This article will review the general development status of MRAM and discuss the issues. The key issues of MRAM technology as a future memory candidate are resistance control and low current operation for small enough device size. Switching issues are controllable with a choice of appropriate shape and fine patterning process. The control of fabrication is rather important to realize an actual memory device for MRAM technology.
A Case of Pigmented Apocrine Hidrocystoma Occuring on the Vulva
Song, Kye Yong,Ro, Byung In,Hong, Chang Kwun,Kim, Myeung Nam,Ahn, Seung Won,Chang, Dae Sung 대한피부과학회 2001 Annals of Dermatology Vol.13 No.3
A 7-year-old female was presented with two black papules and linear pigmentation between papules on the vulva. No other abnormalities were found in her personal and family history. Histopathological examination was consistent with the apocrine hidrocystoma and the pigment in the luminal cells was iron negative and Fontana Masson positive, confirming its melanin nature. We herein report a 7-year-old female patient with pigmented apocrine hidrocystoma occuring on the vulva with the evidence of melanin as the underlying mechanism of the pigmentation.