A Moonlighting Protein Secreted by a Nasal Microbiome Fortifies the Innate Host Defense Against Bacterial and Viral Infections

Gwanghee Kim,Yoojin Lee,Jin Sun You,Wontae Hwang,Jeewon Hwang,Hwa Young Kim,Jieun Kim,Ara Jo,In ho Park,Mohammed Ali,Jongsun Kim,Jeon-Soo Shin,Ho-Keun Kwon,Hyun Jik Kim,Sang Sun Yoon 대한면역학회 2023 Immune Network Vol.23 No.4

Evidence suggests that the human respiratory tract, as with the gastrointestinal tract, has evolved to its current state in association with commensal microbes. However, little is known about how the airway microbiome affects the development of airway immune system. Here, we uncover a previously unidentified mode of interaction between host airway immunity and a unique strain (AIT01) of Staphylococcus epidermidis, a predominant species of the nasal microbiome. Intranasal administration of AIT01 increased the population of neutrophils and monocytes in mouse lungs. The recruitment of these immune cells resulted in the protection of the murine host against infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogenic bacterium. Interestingly, an AIT01-secreted protein identified as GAPDH, a well-known bacterial moonlighting protein, mediated this protective effect. Intranasal delivery of the purified GAPDH conferred significant resistance against other Gram-negative pathogens (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii) and influenza A virus. Our findings demonstrate the potential of a native nasal microbe and its secretory protein to enhance innate immune defense against airway infections. These results offer a promising preventive measure, particularly relevant in the context of global pandemics.

Renewal prioritization of multi-regional water supply pipelines through water supply risk assessment

Kim, Kibum,Kim, Mincheol,Seo, Jeewon,Koo, Jayong IWA Publishing 2016 Water science & technology--water supply Vol.16 No.2

<P>In the Republic of Korea, multi-regional water supply pipelines were intensively laid during the rapid economic growth period; however, these pipelines are now aging. The cost of renewal of the aged pipelines would be enormous. Therefore, limited resources need to be distributed effectively in accordance with the priority of renewal. In this study, the risks involved in the multi-regional water supply pipeline of region K were calculated and assessed for setting the priority of renewal. The probability of failure of the pipeline was calculated through a quantification theory, and the effects of failure on the water supply pipeline were calculated by interpreting a pressure driven analysis. The risk considering the probability and consequence of failure comprehensively was found to be the largest at section A12. Three alternatives were considered for risk reduction, and the effect of each alternative on the risk reduction was analyzed. As a result, the construction of double piping by laying a new pipeline was found to be the most effective measure for risk reduction. The results of this study can be utilized as the basic data for establishing an investment plan for the renewal of the water supply pipeline and asset management plan.</P>

Psychiatric Sequelae of Former “Comfort Women,” Survivors of the Japanese Military Sexual Slavery during World War II

Jeewon Lee,YoungSook Kwak,YoonJung Kim,EunJi Kim,EJin Park,Yunmi Shin,BunHee Lee,SoHee Lee,HeeYeon Jung,Inseon Lee,JungIm Hwang,Dongsik Kim,Soyoung Irene Lee 대한신경정신의학회 2018 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.15 No.4

“Comfort women” refers to young women and girls who were forced into sexual slavery by the Imperial Japanese military during World War II. They were abducted from their homes in countries under Imperial Japanese rule, mostly from Korea, and the rest from China, Philippines, Malaysia, Taiwan, Indonesia, the Netherlands, etc. “Comfort women” endured extreme trauma involving rape, sexual torture, physical abuse, starvation, threats of death, and witnessed many others being tortured and killed. This article reviews all the studies that have investigated the psychiatric or psychosocial sequelae of the survivors of the Japanese military sexual slavery. Most importantly, a recent study which conducted a psychiatric evaluation on the former “comfort women” currently alive in South Korea is introduced. The participants’ unmarried rate was relatively high and their total fertility rate was relatively low. Majority of the participants reported having no education and being the low economic status. They showed high current and lifetime prevalence of posttraumatic disorder, major depressive disorder, somatic symptom disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and alcohol use disorder. Participants showed high suicidality and majority of the participants still reported being ashamed of being former “comfort women” after all these years. This article highlights the fact that the trauma has affected the mental health and social functioning of former “comfort women” throughout their lives, and even to the present day.

Factors Influencing Illness Perception of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study

( Jeewon Lee ),( Ahran Kim ),( Hyung Woo Kim ),( Ju Sang Kim ),( Jinsoo Min ),( Yeonhee Park ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2023 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.136 No.0

Dehydroepiandrosterone supplement increases malate dehydrogenase activity and decreases NADPH-dependent antioxidant enzyme activity in rat hepatocellular carcinogenesis

Jeewon Kim,Sook-Hee Kim,Haymie Choi 한국영양학회 2008 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.2 No.2

Beneficial effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplement on age-associated chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and diabetes, have been reported. However, its mechanism of action in hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo has not been investigated in detail. We have previously shown that during hepatocellular carcinogenesis, DHEA treatment decreases formation of preneoplastic glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive foci in the liver and has antioxidant effects. Here we aimed to determine the mechanism of actions of DHEA, in comparison to vitamin E, in a chemically-induced hepatocellular carcinoma model in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with control diet without a carcinogen, diets with 1.5% vitamin E, 0.5% DHEA and both of the compounds with a carcinogen for 6 weeks. The doses were previously reported to have anti-cancer effects in animals without known toxicities. With DHEA treatment, cytosolic malate dehydrogenase activities were significantly increased by ~5 fold and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were decreased by ~25% compared to carcinogen treated group. Activities of Se-glutathione peroxidase in the cytotol was decreased significantly with DHEA treatment, confirming its antioxidative effect. However, liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 content and NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 reductase activities were not altered with DHEA treatment. Vitamin E treatment decreased cytosolic Se-glutathione peroxidase activities in accordance with our previous reports. However, vitamin E did not alter glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase or malate dehydrogenase activities. Our results suggest that DHEA may have decreased tumor nodule formation and reduced lipid peroxidation as previously reported, possibly by increasing the production of NADPH, a reducing equivalent for NADPH-dependent antioxidant enzymes. DHEA treatment tended to reduce glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities, which may have resulted in limited supply for de novo synthesis of DNA via inhibiting the hexose monophophaste pathway. Although both DHEA and vitamin E effectively reduced preneoplastic foci in this model, they seemed to function in different mechanisms. In conclusion, DHEA may be used to reduce hepatocellular carcinoma growth by targeting NADPH synthesis, cell proliferation and anti-oxidant enzyme activities during tumor growth.

Evaluation of the Measurement Properties of Self-reported Medication Adherence Instruments Among People at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome : A Systematic Review

Kim, Chun-Ja,Schlenk, Elizabeth A.,Ahn, Jeong-Ah,Kim, Moonsun,Park, Eunyoung,Park, JeeWon SAGE Publications 2016 The Diabetes educator Vol.42 No.5

<P>Purpose The purpose of this study was to present a systematic review of available published studies that evaluated the measurement properties of self-reported instruments assessing global medication adherence in adults at risk for metabolic syndrome. Methods The authors searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL in January 2015 for appropriate studies. The methodological quality (based on reliability, validity, responsiveness, and interpretability) of selected studies was assessed with the COSMIN checklist (Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments). Results Of the 44 studies reviewed, 32 used classical test theory, and 14 used self-reported medication adherence instruments. More than half the studies included patients with hypertension, followed by diabetes, dyslipidemia, and increased body mass index. Among the measurement properties, internal consistency, hypothesis testing, and structural validity were frequently assessed items, whereas only 1 study evaluated responsiveness, and none evaluated measurement error. The MMAS-8 (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 items) and the Hill-Bone scale were the most frequently used instruments. They were found to be well validated, with strong evidence for internal consistency and strong positive evidence for reliability, structural validity, hypothesis testing, and criterion validity. Conclusions The MMAS-8 and Hill-Bone scale seem to be well-validated instruments for assessing medication adherence in adults at risk for metabolic syndrome. These findings may assist clinicians with selecting the appropriate instruments for assessing medication adherence in this population. However, further studies might be needed to define concepts to better understand the dimensions of each medication adherence instrument.</P>

Fluorescent Ferritin Nanoparticles and Application to the Aptamer Sensor

Kim, Seong-Eun,Ahn, Keum-Young,Park, Jin-Seung,Kim, Kyung Rim,Lee, Kyung Eun,Han, Sung-Sik,Lee, Jeewon American Chemical Society 2011 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Vol.83 No.15

<P>We synthesized fluorescent ferritin nanoparticles (FFNPs) through bacterial expression of the hybrid gene consisting of human ferritin heavy chain (hFTN-H), spacer (glycine-rich peptide), and enhanced green (or red) fluorescent protein [eGFP (or DsRed)] genes. The self-assembly activity of hFTN-H that leads to the formation of nanoparticles (12 nm in diameter), the conformational flexibility of the C-terminus of hFTN-H, and the glycine-rich spacer enabled eGFPs (or DsReds) to be well displayed on the surface of each ferritin nanoparticle, resulting in the construction of green (or red) FFNPs [gFFNPs (or rFFNPs)]. As compared to eGFP (or DsRed) alone, it is notable that the developed FFNPs showed significantly amplified fluorescence intensity and also enhanced stability. DNA aptamers were chemically conjugated to gFFNP via each eGFP’s cysteine residue that was newly introduced through site-directed mutagenesis (Ser175Cys). The DNA-aptamer-conjugated gFFNPs were used as a fluorescent reporter probe in the aptamer-based “sandwich” assay of a cancer marker [i.e., platelet-derived growth factor B-chain homodimer (PDGF-BB)] in phosphate-buffered saline buffer or diluted human serum. This is a simple two-step assay without any additional steps for signal amplification, showing that compared to the same aptamer-based assays using eGFP alone or Cy3, the detection signals, affinity of the reporter probe to the cancer marker, and assay sensitivity were significantly enhanced; i.e., the limit of detection was lowered to the 100 fM level. Although the PDGF-BB assay is reported here as a proof-of-concept, the developed FFNPs can be applied in general to any aptamer-based sandwich assays.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancham/2011/ancham.2011.83.issue-15/ac200657s/production/images/medium/ac-2011-00657s_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ac200657s'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Transgenerational Transmission of Trauma: Psychiatric Evaluation of Offspring of Former “Comfort Women,” Survivors of the Japanese Military Sexual Slavery during World War II

Jeewon Lee,Young-Sook Kwak,Yoon-Jung Kim,Eun-Ji Kim,E Jin Park,Yunmi Shin,Bun-Hee Lee,So Hee Lee,Hee Yeon Jung,Inseon Lee,Jung Im Hwang,Dongsik Kim,Soyoung Irene Lee 대한신경정신의학회 2019 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.16 No.3

“Comfort women” are survivors of sexual slavery by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II, who endured extensive trauma including massive rape and physical torture. While previous studies have been focused on the trauma of the survivors themselves, the effects of the trauma on the offspring has never been evaluated before. In this article, we reviewed the first study on the offspring of former “comfort women” and aimed to detect the evidence of transgenerational transmission of trauma. In-depth psychiatric interviews and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Axis I Disorders were conducted with six offspring of former “comfort women.” Among the six participants, five suffered from at least one psychiatric disorder including major depressive disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorder, insomnia disorder, somatic symptom disorder, and alcohol use disorder. Participants showed similar shame and hyperarousal symptoms as their mothers regarding stimuli related to the “comfort woman” issue. Increased irritability, problems with aggression control, negative worldview, and low self-esteem were evident in the children of mothers with posttraumatic stress disorder. Finding evidence of transgenerational transmission of trauma in offspring of “comfort women” is important. Future studies should include more samples and adopt a more objective method.

자기누설탐상법을 이용한 상수도강관의 부식깊이 예측 모델 개발 및 검증

김기범 ( Kim Kibum ),서지원 ( Seo Jeewon ),김재학 ( Kim Jaehag ),구자용 ( Koo Jayong ) 한국물환경학회 2020 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2020 No.-

본 연구에서는 우리나라의 광역 및 공업용수도로 사용되고 있는 대구경 상수도강관의 내부 및 외부 부식깊이 예측 모델을 개발하였다. 기존 상수도관의 부식깊이 예측 모델로 다수 활용된 two-phase model은 관 연령만을 고려한 모델이라는 한계가 지적되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 다양한 환경요인을 고려하여 기존보다 더 정확한 부식깊이 예측을 위하여 약 400개의 전국 광역 및 공업용수도 관로 시편의 부식깊이 분석결과와 부식에 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있는 다양한 환경요인을 조사하였다. 부식에 영향을 주는 환경요인들은 퍼지기법과 수량화Ⅱ류 기법을 이용하여 점수화한 뒤 하나의 새로운 변수로 구성하고자 하였다. 부식깊이 예측 모델은 수량화Ⅱ류 기법을 이용하여 토양부식성 및 수질부식성 인자들을 점수화한 뒤, 다른 환경 요인들과의 퍼지화를 통해 최종적으로 two-phase model에 포함되는 새로운 변수를 구성하는 형태로 개발하였다. 개발한 모델은 자기누설탐상법을 이용하여 조사된 광역상수도에 적용하여 실제 부식깊이와의 정확성을 검증하였다. 연구결과, 외부부식에 대한 영향인자로 관대지전위차, 토양비저항, 함수율, 염화물 및 황화물 농도, 관경, 경과년도, 지형조건, 매설심도 등 총 8개의 인자를 고려하여 상관계수 0.7020인 예측 모델을 개발하였으며, 내부부식에 대한 영향인자로는 LI지수, pH, 수종에 경과년도 및 관경 등 총 5개 인자를 고려하여 상관계수 0.6332인 예측모델을 개발하였다. 자기누설탐상법을 이용하여 조사된 연구대상관로에 개발한 모델을 적용한 뒤 자기누설탐상법을 통해 조사된 부식깊이와 비교·검증한 결과, 자기누설탐상법을 통해 하인된 금속손실(부식깊이) 106개 중 85개가, 부식깊이 예측 모델의 95 % 신뢰구간 범위 내 적중하였다. 그러므로 본 연구에서 개발한 모델은 자기누설탐상법을 이용한 조사·진단 결과의 이상값을 고려할 시 매우 높은 예측 수준임을 검증하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 대구경 상수도강관의 부식 깊이 예측 모델은 다양한 부식영향 인자가 고려되어 기존 모델 대비 실제 부식깊이와의 상관성이 높게 나타남이 검증된 모델로서, 실제 현장에서 활용도가 매우 높을 것으로 판단된다.

상수도관망의 누수량 및 누수위치 추정 최적화 모델 개발

서지원 ( Jeewon Seo ),김기범 ( Kibum Kim ),형진석 ( Jinseok Hyung ),김태현 ( Taehyeon Kim ),구자용 ( Jayong Koo ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2019 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2019 No.-