Joint routing, link capacity dimensioning, and switch port optimization for dynamic traffic in optical networks

Khan, Akhtar Nawaz,Khan, Zawar H.,Khattak, Khurram S.,Hafeez, Abdul Electronics and Telecommunications Research Instit 2021 ETRI Journal Vol.43 No.5

This paper considers a challenging problem: to simultaneously optimize the cost and the quality of service in opaque wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. An optimization problem is proposed that takes the information including network topology, traffic between end nodes, and the target level of congestion at each link/ node in WDM networks. The outputs of this problem include routing, link channel capacities, and the optimum number of switch ports locally added/dropped at all switch nodes. The total network cost is reduced to maintain a minimum congestion level on all links, which provides an efficient trade-off solution for the network design problem. The optimal information is utilized for dynamic traffic in WDM networks, which is shown to achieve the desired performance with the guaranteed quality of service in different networks. It was found that for an average link blocking probability equal to 0.015, the proposed model achieves a net channel gain in terms of wavelength channels (𝛾_w) equal to 35.72 %, 39.09 %, and 36.93 % compared to shortest path first routing and 𝛾_w equal to 29.41 %, 37.35 %, and 27.47 % compared to alternate routing in three different networks.

An image enhancement-based License plate detection method for Naturally Degraded Images

Khurram Khan,최명렬 한국전기전자학회 2018 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.22 No.4

This paper proposes an image enhancement-based license plate detection algorithm to improve the overallperformance of system. Non-uniform illumination conditions have huge impact on overall plate detection systemaccuracy. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for color image enhancement-based license plate detection forimproving accuracy of images degraded by excessively strong and low sunlight. Firstly, the image is enhanced byMulti-Scale Retinex algorithm. Secondly, a plate detection method is employed to take advantage of geometricproperties of connected components, which can significantly reduce the undesired plate regions. Finally,intersection over union method is applied for detecting the accurate location of number plate. Experimental resultsshow that the proposed method significantly improves the accuracy of plate detection system.

An image enhancement-based License plate detection method for Naturally Degraded Images

Khan, Khurram,Choi, Myung Ryul Institute of Korean Electrical and Electronics Eng 2018 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.22 No.4

This paper proposes an image enhancement-based license plate detection algorithm to improve the overall performance of system. Non-uniform illumination conditions have huge impact on overall plate detection system accuracy. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for color image enhancement-based license plate detection for improving accuracy of images degraded by excessively strong and low sunlight. Firstly, the image is enhanced by Multi-Scale Retinex algorithm. Secondly, a plate detection method is employed to take advantage of geometric properties of connected components, which can significantly reduce the undesired plate regions. Finally, intersection over union method is applied for detecting the accurate location of number plate. Experimental results show that the proposed method significantly improves the accuracy of plate detection system.

Cryptanalysis of an `Efficient-Strong Authentiction Protocol (E-SAP) for Healthcare Applications Using Wireless Medical Sensor Networks`

( Muhammad Khurram Khan ),( Saru Kumari ),( Pitam Singh ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2013 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.7 No.5

Now a day, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are being widely used in different areas one of which is healthcare services. A wireless medical sensor network senses patient`s vital physiological signs through medical sensor-nodes deployed on patient`s body area; and transmits these signals to devices of registered medical professionals. These sensor-nodes have low computational power and limited storage capacity. Moreover, the wireless nature of technology attracts malicious minds. Thus, proper user authentication is a prime concern before granting access to patient`s sensitive and private data. Recently, P. Kumar et al. claimed to propose a strong authentication protocol for healthcare using Wireless Medical Sensor Networks (WMSN). However, we find that P. Kumar et al.`s scheme is flawed with a number of security pitfalls. Information stored inside smart card, if extracted, is enough to deceive a valid user. Adversary can not only access patient`s physiological data on behalf of a valid user without knowing actual password, can also send fake/irrelevant information about patient by playing role of medical sensor-node. Besides, adversary can guess a user`s password and is able to compute the session key shared between user and medical sensor-nodes. Thus, the scheme looses message confidentiality. Additionally, the scheme fails to resist insider attack and lacks user anonymity.

A Multi-Group Analysis of Risk Management Practices of Public and Private Commercial Banks

Khurram REHMAN,Hadi Hassan KHAN,Bilal SARWAR,Noor MUHAMMAD,Wahab AHMED,Zia Ur REHMAN 한국유통과학회 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.11

The study examines the relationship between credit risk and operational risk (understanding of risk management, risk identification, risk assessment and control, and risk monitoring) on risk management practices followed by private and public sector commercial banks. The cross-sectional data method was used to check the impact of risk management practices. Data was collected from the bank employees and a total of 284 respondents were finally selected for further analysis. Measurement Invariance of Composite Models analysis is used to test the quality of the measurement model for sub-samples, and multi-group analysis is used for path analysis in sub-sample through PLS-SEM. The findings of the study as the total sample show that both types of banks are managing adequate and significant risk management practices. On the other hand, sub-groups’ results show private sector banks are more momentous than public sector banks. Risk identification is significantly different at the sub-group level, which shows public sector banks are more concentrating on this type of risk. Understanding of risk management has no significant effect on both types of banks and risk assessment & control for public sector banks, and there is a difference in the risk management practices among private and public sector commercial banks.

Non-toxic nature of chebulinic acid on biochemical, hematological and histopathological analysis in normal Sprague Dawley rats

Aamir Khurram,Sugumar Vaisnevee,Khan Hidayat Ullah,Looi Chung Yeng,Juneja Rajesh,Waqas Muhammad,Arya Aditya 한국독성학회 2022 Toxicological Research Vol.38 No.2

Chebulinic acid (CA) is an ellagitannins isolated from the dried fruits of Terminalia chebula with diverse pharmacological activities. The present study focused on the acute toxicity of CA in normal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. CA was administered via oral gavage to different groups in 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight and vehicle respectively. All the animals were monitored carefully for any physiological or behavioral changes for 14 days. On day 15th animals were euthanized and blood was collected for hematological and biochemical analysis. Different tissues were collected for histopathological study using four different staining techniques (hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, periodic acid Schiff and picro sirius red) to observe any pathological alterations. The results highlighted no morbidity and mortality after oral ingestion of CA (300 and 2000 mg/kg). Food and water consumption, body weight, relative organ weight, hematological and biochemical parameters were normal without any gross pathological lesions in harvested tissues. The outcome of the current study supported safety of CA even at high dose. However, further detailed study is required on experimentally disease model to unfold its therapeutic potential in laboratory animals.

Quantification of in-containment fission products source term for 1000MWe PWR under loss of coolant accident

Mehboob, Khurram,Park, Kwangheon,Khan, Rehan Elsevier 2015 Annals of nuclear energy Vol.75 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The aim of this work is the modeling and simulation of in-containment fission products (FPs) quantification and behavior under loss of coolant accident (LOCA) in terms of NUREG-1465 key aspects. For this purpose, a kinetic model has been developed to determine the quantification and behavior of in-containment source term after loss of coolant accident for typical 1000MWe PWR. A more realistic approach of continuous release of fission products from damaged core has been implemented with coolant retention. The simulation for in-containment fission product quantification influenced by containment atmosphere and containment system response has been carried out. Dramatic results have been obtained upon comparison study of fission product behaviors with different computational values. Moreover a contradiction in mixing rate (<I>w<SUB>x</SUB> </I>) value has been observed with a factor of 10 in comparison with Saeed et al. (2012).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Kinetic modeling for in-containment fission product activity. </LI> <LI> Modeling and simulation of in-containment source term after LOCA. </LI> <LI> Quantification of airborne in-containment activity. </LI> <LI> BURNUP activity calculation and comparison with literature. </LI> <LI> Study the effect of ESFs and coolant retention with mixing rate. </LI> </UL> </P>

Analysing the Causes of Design Generated Waste through System Dynamics

Sidra Muzaffar,Khurram Iqbal Ahmad Khan,Muhammad Bilal Tahir,Hamna Bukhari 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.12

A drastic rise in construction waste observed has elicited a radical impact on the environment and economy of the world. It is, therefore, necessary to come up with waste minimization management strategies that reflect in-depth review of sources of waste. This in depth review demands understanding the intricacy of causative factors triggering generation of “waste at source” which is the main motive of study and is done through System Dynamics for design phase in context of developing countries. 8 most important causative factors in design phase were shortlisted along with their interrelationships via literature and questionnaire survey. Followed by system thinking approach that addressed the complexities caused by those factors in 2 stages. Firstly, a Causal loop diagram was developed that illustated interrelationship between factors in the form of loops. Later SD model built, evaluated the combinatorial effect of 3 evolved stocks over the fourth stock Design Generated Waste-an emanating phenomenon. Simulation result revealed increasing trend of the stock DGW over a course of time. Therefore, increase in effect of complexities of behavior of design waste causes, will consequently lead to increase in DGW. Managing the complex behavior of these design causes will help control over the DGW w.r.t. time.

Improvement of the Efficient Secret Broadcast Scheme

YOON, Eun-Jun,KHURRAM KHAN, Muhammad,YOO, Kee-Young The Institute of Electronics, Information and Comm 2010 IEICE transactions on information and systems Vol.93 No.12

<P>In 2009, Jeong et al. proposed a secure binding encryption scheme and an efficient secret broadcast scheme. This paper points out that the schemes have some errors and cannot operate correctly, contrary to their claims. In addition, this paper also proposes improvements of Jeong et al.'s scheme that can withstand the proposed attacks.</P>

Color Correction for Underwater Image Restoration

Hafiz Shakeel Ahmad Awan,Khurram Ashfaq,Sana Munir Khan,Muhammad Tariq 한국통신학회 2023 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.6