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Physical Inactivity, Sedentary Behavior and Chronic Diseases
Karimé González,Jorge Fuentes,José Luis Márquez 대한가정의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.38 No.3
New research into physical activity suggests that it is no longer sufficient just to meet minimum levels recommend-ed by health guidelines in order to reduce cardiovascular risk. Both physical inactivity and sedentary behavior have their own health hazards and need to be addressed separately, in order to explore their different deleterious mech-anisms. The aim of this review was to define and to characterize both concepts, and their relationship with major non-communicable chronic diseases. A PubMed database search was undertaken, using the following key words: physical activity, physical inactivity, sedentarism, sedentary behavior, and non-communicable chronic disease. This literature review provides an updated view on physical inactivity and sedentary behavior, and reevaluates their prevalence and association with major non-communicable chronic disease.
Karim S. Karim,F. Taghibakhsh,G. Sanaie-Fard Sanaie-Fard,M. H. Izadi,T. Ottaviani 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.48 No.I
On-pixel amplifiers in amorphous silicon (a-Si) technology can offer increased pixel signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) compared to traditional switch based imaging pixels. Experiments reveal a reduction in readout noise and indicate that a-Si pixel amplifiers can meet the stringent requirements for digital X-ray fluoroscopy. However, larger input voltages can introduce non-linearities thereby reducing the pixel dynamic range. In this research, we investigate amplified pixel architectures that exhibit large signal linearity and consequently higher dynamic range. Gain, linearity, noise, metastability and area estimations of the amplified pixels indicate their applicability in large-area medical Xray imaging applications that require switching between low-exposure, real-time fluoroscopy and high-exposure chest radiography modes at a region of interest.
Karim, Shahid,Riazuddin, S.,Dean, D.H. Korean Society of Applied Entomology 1999 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.2 No.2
Pesticidal activity of different Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)$\delta$-endotoxins, Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac and Cry2A, were investaged against Helicoverpa armingera infestig cotton crop worldwide. Cry1Ac toxin was found to be the most potent toxin towards H. armigera. All selected Bt toxins were found stable in viro processing by midgut juice of H. armigera. Saturation and Bt toxins were found stable in vitro processing by midgut juice of H. armigera. Saturation and competition binding experiments were performed with iodine-125 labeled proteins and brush border membrane vesicles prepared from the midgut of H. armigera. The results show saturable, specific and high affinity of all toxins expect for Cry2A. Both the toxis were bound with low binding affinity but with high binding site concentration. Heterologous competition experiments showed that Cry1Aa, Cry1A and Cry1Ac recognized or share the same binding site which is different from that of Cry2A. The data suggest that development of multiple toxin system in transgenic plants with toxin pyramiding, which recognize different binding sites, may be useful in the deployment strategies to decrease the rate of pest adaptation to Bt toxins in transgenic plants.
Karim Raafat,Maha Aboul-Ela,Abdalla El-Lakany 대한약학회 2021 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.44 No.8
Rheum ribes L., known as Syrian rhubarb, isused in traditional Lebanese folk medicine for the treatmentof diabetes. The present study aims to investigate theactivities of R. ribes aqueous extract for glucose homeostasis,in vivo antioxidant and diabetic neuropathy protectionin mice. The acute and the subacute effects of variousdoses of R. ribes on blood glucose and in vivo antioxidantactivity utilizing serum catalase level (CAT) were studiedin alloxan-diabetic mice. The high doses significantlylowered glucose level and increased serum CAT inalloxan-diabetic mice. Pretreatment with the extract priorto alloxination, protected the mice from acquiring diabetesand diabetic neuropathy. Treatment with the extract for8 weeks alleviated hyperalgesia in diabetic mice. Ourfindings provide clinicians with promising drugs intendedfor the management of the symptoms of diabetic complications. The protective activity of R. ribes against acquiringdiabetes and diabetic neuropathy might pave the wayfor preparing a prophylactic treatment for diabetes riskgroups.
Electro-Catalytic Oxidation of Amoxicillin by Carbon Ceramic Electrode Modified with Copper Iodide
Karim-Nezhad, Ghasem,Pashazadeh, Ali,Pashazadeh, Sara Korean Chemical Society 2013 대한화학회지 Vol.57 No.3
Copper iodide was employed as a modifier for preparation of a new carbon ceramic electrode. For the first time, the catalytic oxidation of amoxicillin (AMX) was demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and amperometry methods at the surface of this modified carbon ceramic electrode. The copper iodide modified sol-gel derived carbon ceramic (CIM-SGD-CC) electrode has very high catalytic ability for electrooxidation of amoxicillin. The catalytic oxidation peak current was linearly dependent on the amoxicillin concentration and the linearity range obtained was 100 to 1000 ${\mu}mol\;L^{-1}$ with a detection limit of 0.53 ${\mu}mol\;L^{-1}$. The diffusion coefficient ($D=(1.67{\pm}0.102){\times}10^{-3}\;cm^2\;s^{-1}$), and the kinetic parameter such as the electron transfer coefficient (${\alpha}$) and exchange current density ($j_0$) for the modified electrode were calculated. The advantages of the modified CCE are its good stability and reproducibility of surface renewal by simple polishing, excellent catalytic activity and simplicity of preparation.
Karim, S.A.,Santra, A.,Sharma, V. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.9
The reported study was conducted on range managed Malpura ewes that were non-breeding empty, were at an advanced stage of pregnancy, and were in early lactation, under a protocol of free grazing with concentrate supplementation at 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50% of their body weight to assess their plane of nutrition and nutrient intake. The biomass yield of pasture plots was 1689, 1820 and 2912 kg/ha in pregnancy, lactation and empty phases, respectively. In addition to natural shrubs and forbs, Cenchrus ciliaris (36.4%) and dead litter (31.6%) were the major component of pasture vegetation during pregnancy. The dead litter disappeared during the lactation and empty phase with a concomitant increase in distribution of Cenchrus ciliaris to 73.0 and 87.2% respectively. The daily dry matter consumption from supplemental concentrate and free grazing was 70.1, 57.3 and 63.5 g/kg $W^{0.75}/d$ with concentrate to roughage ratio of 40:60, 47:53 and 33:67 in pregnancy, lactation and empty phases respectively. Digestibility of DM and OM were similar in the three phases while CP digestibility was higher (p<0.0l) during lactation than other two phases. Digestibility of NDF, ADF and cellulose were higher (p<0.0l) in empty than pregnancy and lactation, while hemicellulose digestibility was similar in lactation and empty and lower in pregnancy phase. The ewes in ~hases of pregnancy, lactation and empty consumed 7.1, 7.7 and 6.1 g DCP and 197.2, 214.6 and 232.5 kcal DE/kg $W^{0.75}/d$ respectively. It is concluded that ewes maintained on semi-arid Cenchrus dominated pasture with concentrate supplementation during pregnancy, lactation and empty phases consumed 45.2, 45.1 and 35.2 g DCP/Mcal ME respectively.
Karim, S.A.,Santra, A.,Verma, D.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.3
The growth rate, feed conversion efficiency and carcass characteristics of nine native Malpura (M) and eight Awassi ${\times}$ Malpura half bred (AM) male lambs were compared under intensive feeding on 60:40 concentrate and roughage based composite feed. Weaning body weight was similar in the two genetic groups while finishing body weight, total body weight gain and average daily gain during the experiment were higher (p<0.01) in AM than M lambs. The feed conversion efficiency was lower in M than AM lambs with 15.7 and 19.8 per cent feed conversion efficiency, respectively, in the two genetic groups. The dressing yield in terms of preslaughter weight or empty live weight was however similar in the two genetic groups. The loin eye area was also greater (p<0.01) in AM than M lambs. The cutability was similar for the two groups amounting to 33.2, 13.3, 13.2, 23.3 and 16.6% of half carcass, respectively, for leg, loin, rack, neck and shoulder and breast and foreshank. On an average the separable lean, fat and KOH bone content of the half carcass were 48.3, 16.8 and 23.3% for native M and 54.1, 15.0 and 19.0% for AM lambs, respectively. It is concluded that growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were better in Awassi ${\times}$ Malpura half bred than native Malpura lambs while dressing yield and cutability of standard cuts were similar in the two genetic groups.