Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics and Rapid Light Response Curves of Alpine Rhododendron

Yuan-Huan Liu,Fang-Li Liu,Bo Long,Xiong-Li Zhou,Xue Zhang,Yue Zhang,Wen-Li Wang,Shi-Kang Shen 한국원예학회 2019 원예과학기술지 Vol.37 No.4

The aim of this study was to determine the photosynthetic adaptability of Rhododendron species toalpine environments. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and rapid light response curves ofeight Rhododendron species were determined under field conditions across elevation gradients (atelevations of 2,950, 3,560, 3,660, 3,770, and 4,030 m) in the Jiaozi Mountain National NaturalReserve, Yunnan Province, southwestern China. The effect of different elevations, species, and theirinteractions significantly affected most of the chlorophyll fluorescence and rapid light response curveparameters. The variable to maximum fluorescence ratio (Fv/Fm) ranged from 0.78 to 0.81 at the fiveelevation gradients. This result indicated that the studied species were well grown and adapted to thecurrent environment. The correlation analysis indicated that the elevation was positively significantlycorrelated with the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, electron transport rate, maximumelectron transport rate, light saturation coefficient (Ek), and chlorophyll relative content (SPAD: leafchlorophyll content index) and was negatively significantly correlated with photochemicalquenching, nonphotochemical quenching, and linear initial slope values. Although no significantrelationship was observed between the elevations and Fv/Fm, the apparent difference in Fv/Fm both atelevation gradients and elevation × species levels indicated that the Rhododendron speciesdemonstrated species-specific adaptation to the environment at different elevations. Our resultsprovided evidence that Rhododendron species exhibit variations in photosynthetic activities in analpine environment at different elevations. These differences may improve the understanding of thephysiological adaptation variations of Rhododendron species across elevation gradients in associationwith climate change in the mountains of southwestern China.

The TOP-SCOPE Survey of <i>Planck</i> Galactic Cold Clumps: Survey Overview and Results of an Exemplar Source, PGCC G26.53+0.17

Liu, Tie,Kim, Kee-Tae,Juvela, Mika,Wang, Ke,Tatematsu, Ken’ichi,Francesco, James Di,Liu, Sheng-Yuan,Wu, Yuefang,Thompson, Mark,Fuller, Gary,Eden, David,Li, Di,Ristorcelli, I.,Kang, Sung-ju,Lin, Yuxin Published by the University of Chicago Press for t 2018 The Astrophysical journal Supplement series Vol.234 No.2

<P>The low dust temperatures (< 14 K) of Planck Galactic cold clumps (PGCCs) make them ideal targets to probe the initial conditions and very early phase of star formation. 'TOP-SCOPE' is a joint survey program targeting similar to 2000 PGCCs in J = 1-0 transitions of CO isotopologues and similar to 1000 PGCCs in 850 mu m continuum emission. The objective of the 'TOP-SCOPE' survey and the joint surveys (SMT 10 m, KVN 21 m, and NRO 45 m) is to statistically study the initial conditions occurring during star formation and the evolution of molecular clouds, across a wide range of environments. The observations, data analysis, and example science cases for these surveys are introduced with an exemplar source, PGCC G26.53+0.17 (G26), which is a filamentary infrared dark cloud (IRDC). The total mass, length, and mean line mass (M/L) of the G26 filament are similar to 6200 M-circle dot, similar to 12 pc, and similar to 500 M-circle dot pc(-1), respectively. Ten massive clumps, including eight starless ones, are found along the filament. The most massive clump as a whole may still be in global collapse, while its denser part seems to be undergoing expansion owing to outflow feedback. The fragmentation in the G26 filament from cloud scale to clump scale is in agreement with gravitational fragmentation of an isothermal, nonmagnetized, and turbulent supported cylinder. A bimodal behavior in dust emissivity spectral index (beta) distribution is found in G26, suggesting grain growth along the filament. The G26 filament may be formed owing to large-scale compression flows evidenced by the temperature and velocity gradients across its natal cloud.</P>

Rapid growth in greenhouse gas emissions from the adoption of industrial-scale aquaculture

Yuan, Junji,Xiang, Jian,Liu, Deyan,Kang, Hojeong,He, Tiehu,Kim, Sunghyun,Lin, Yongxin,Freeman, Chris,Ding, Weixin Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2019 Nature climate change Vol.9 No.4

Isolation of bacteria capable of removing 2-methylisoborneol and effect of cometabolism carbon on biodegradation

Kang Du,Jian Liu,Beihai Zhou,Rongfang Yuan 대한환경공학회 2016 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.21 No.3

2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) is one of typical odorants in potable water sources, which is hardly removed by conventional water treatment process. In this study, three strains capable of removing 2-MIB singly from drinking water were isolated from activated carbon of sand filter. They were identified to be Shinella zoogloeoides, Bacillus idriensis and Chitinophagaceae bacterium based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. In mineral salts medium without external carbon source, removal efficiencies of 20 μg/L 2-MIB in three days were 23.3%, 32.9% and 17.0% for Shinella zoogloeoides, Bacillus idriensis and Chitinophagaceae bacterium, respectively. The biodegradation of 2-MIB was significantly improved with the presence of cometabolism carbon(glycerol, glucose, etc.). In the period of 20 days, Bacillus idriensis can remove 2 mg/L MIB to 368.2 μg/L and 315.4μg/L in mineral salts medium without and with glycerol respectively. The removal of 2-MIB by Bacillus idriensis was from 2 mg/L to 958.4μg/L in Xiba river samples on 15 days.

Improved design of Lorentz force-type magnetic bearings for magnetically suspended gimballing flywheels

Liu, Qiang,Wang, Qirui,Li, Heng,Peng, Cong,Xu, Kang,Ren, Yuan The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2021 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.21 No.3

A Lorentz force-type magnetic bearing (LFMB) with good linearity is suitable for the high-precision deflection control of a magnetically suspended gimballing flywheel (MSGFW). In this paper, a novel LFMB with improved double magnetic circuits is presented. Inclined magnetization Halbach array permanent magnets (PMs) and trapezoidal PMs are utilized for improving the magnetic flux density. A mathematical model of the magnetic flux density is established based on the equivalent surface current method. To obtain the maximum magnetic flux density, the optimal magnetization angle is calculated, and the dimension parameters are optimized by the sequential quadratic programming method. A maximum magnetic flux density of 0.615 T is obtained, which is 7.9% larger than that of an LFMB with conventional double magnetic circuits. Based on simulation results, LFMB prototype magnetic flux density experiments are carried out. The results show that the magnetic flux density fluctuations of the two LFMB schemes are similar. The maximum magnetic flux density of 0.608 T is increased by 6.7% when compared with that of the LFMB with conventional double magnetic circuits at 0.57 T. The error between the simulation and the experiment is within 5%. This indicates that the LFMB with improved double magnetic circuits is promising when it comes to meet the agile maneuver requirements of the spacecraft.

Aging Hardening and Precipitation Characteristics of Extruded Mg–9Al–0.8Zn–0.2Mn–0.3Ca–0.2Y Alloy

Fangce Liu,Yue Bi,Chao Wang,Jian Kang,Tong He,Yandong Liu,Guo Yuan 대한금속ᆞ재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.2

In this paper, high temperature hot rolling and weld simulations were performed in Al-killed and Ti-Zr-killed steels. Themicrostructure and impact toughness of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the two experimental steels were investigated, andthe ferrite transformation behavior in HAZ was also observed. The characteristic inclusions in the Ti-Zr-killed steel werestudied using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results suggested thatthe HAZ microstructure of the Al-killed steel consisted of coarse bainite ferrite (BF) and granular bainite (GB) packets. TheHAZ microstructure of Ti-Zr-killed steel was significantly refined and mainly contained fine acicular ferrite (AF) and BF. TheTi-Zr-O + MnS inclusions were 0.3–2.1 μm and could effectively promote the formation of AF after the weld simulations. MnS had a specific orientation relationship: {111}MnS║{0001}Ti-Zr-O, < 110 > MnS║ < 2 −1−1 0 > Ti-Zr-O with Ti-Zr-O inclusion,and its precipitation promoted the formation of the Mn-depleted zone (MDZ). AF formed around it. The formation of aninterlocked AF structure in the HAZ of the Ti-Zr-killed steel obviously increased the proportion of high angle grain boundaries(HAGBs) and refined the average effective grain size of the HAZ microstructure. Consequently, the impact toughnessof the Ti-Zr-killed steel had no deterioration, but the impact toughness of Al-killed steel had an obvious loss after the weldsimulation with a heat input of 70 kJ/cm. The impact absorption energy of HAZ of Ti-Zr-killed steel was improved from 6to 219 J compared to Al-killed steel.

Inclusion Characteristics and Acicular Ferrite Formation in the Simulated Heat-Affected Zone of Ti-Zr-Killed Low-Carbon Steel

Fangce Liu,Yue Bi,Chao Wang,Jian Kang,Tong He,Yandong Liu,Guo Yuan 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.3

In this paper, high temperature hot rolling and weld simulations were performed in Al-killed and Ti-Zr-killed steels. Themicrostructure and impact toughness of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the two experimental steels were investigated, andthe ferrite transformation behavior in HAZ was also observed. The characteristic inclusions in the Ti-Zr-killed steel werestudied using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results suggested thatthe HAZ microstructure of the Al-killed steel consisted of coarse bainite ferrite (BF) and granular bainite (GB) packets. TheHAZ microstructure of Ti-Zr-killed steel was significantly refined and mainly contained fine acicular ferrite (AF) and BF. TheTi-Zr-O + MnS inclusions were 0.3–2.1 μm and could effectively promote the formation of AF after the weld simulations. MnS had a specific orientation relationship: {111}MnS║{0001}Ti-Zr-O, < 110 > MnS║ < 2 −1−1 0 > Ti-Zr-O with Ti-Zr-O inclusion,and its precipitation promoted the formation of the Mn-depleted zone (MDZ). AF formed around it. The formation of aninterlocked AF structure in the HAZ of the Ti-Zr-killed steel obviously increased the proportion of high angle grain boundaries(HAGBs) and refined the average effective grain size of the HAZ microstructure. Consequently, the impact toughnessof the Ti-Zr-killed steel had no deterioration, but the impact toughness of Al-killed steel had an obvious loss after the weldsimulation with a heat input of 70 kJ/cm. The impact absorption energy of HAZ of Ti-Zr-killed steel was improved from 6to 219 J compared to Al-killed steel.

The Influence of Sex in Stroke Thrombolysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mingsu Liu,Guangqin Li,Jie Tang,Yan Liao,Lin Li,YANGZHENG,Tongli Guo,Xin Kang,Maoting Yuan 대한신경과학회 2018 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.14 No.2

Background and Purpose There is increasing recognition of the importance of stroke infemales to both clinical and public health. The natural course of stroke is worse in femalesthan in males, but the evidence regarding sex disparities in the responses to thrombolysis instroke patents is still controversial. We compared outcomes after thrombolysis treatment betweenfemales and males. Methods Clinical trials reported in the Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library electronicdatabases up to March 13, 2017 were included in this analysis. Two reviewers independentlyextracted the data and conducted quality assessments. Statistical tests were performed to checkfor heterogeneity and publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to evaluate thestability of the conclusions. Results Sixteen reports involving 60,159 patients were available for analysis. The female patientswere a 0.89-fold [95% confidence interval (CI)=0.87–0.90, p<0.001], 0.89-fold (95%CI=0.87–0.91, p<0.001), and 1.24-fold (95% CI=1.11–1.36, p<0.001) more likely to obtain good,excellent, and poor functional outcomes, respectively, with no significant difference in thecomplications of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage among the sexes [risk ratios (RR)=0.99,95% CI=0.92–1.07, p=0.81] after thrombolysis treatment. In addition, the prevalence of a goodfunctional outcome did not differ significantly between females and males in the intra-arterialthrombolysis (IAT) group (RR=1.05, 95% CI=0.85–1.29, p=0.67) in a subgroup analysis. Conclusions This study has demonstrated that females often exhibit a worse outcome thanmales after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), whereas no relevant sex differences were found inoutcome or recanalization after IAT, with safety regarding hemorrhage complications fromthrombolysis being the same for the sexes. However, IVT should not be withheld from femalestroke patients solely based on their sex before the findings are confirmed in further large-scaleresearch.

Failure to Achieve Textbook Outcomes: Stratifying Risk among Patients Undergoing Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

( Han Liu ),( Feng Wei ),( Yong-kang Diao ),( Si-yuan Wang ),( Ying-jian Liang ),( Yi-fan Wu ),( Qi-xuan Zheng ),( Xian-ming Wang ),( Guo-yue Lv ),( Tian Yang ) 대한간학회 2024 춘·추계 학술대회 (The Liver Week) Vol.2024 No.1

Structural and Functional Neural Alterations in Internet Addiction: A Study Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jun-Li Liu,Jing-Ting Sun,Hui-Lin Hu,Hao-Yuan Wang,Yun-Xi Kang,Tian-Qi Chen,Zhu-Hong Chen,Yu-Xuan Shang,Yu-Ting Li,Bo Hu,Rui Liu 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.1

A growing number of neuroimaging studies have revealed abnormal brain structural and functional alterations in subjects with internet addiction (IA), however, with conflicting conclusions. We plan to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the studies of voxelbased morphometry (VBM) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), to reach a consolidated conclusion and point out the future direction in this field. A comprehensive search of rsFC and VBM studies of IA will be conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to retrieve studies published from the inception dates to August 2021. If the extracted data are feasible, activation likelihood estimation and seed-based d mapping methods will be used to meta-analyze the brain structural and functional changes in IA patients. This study will hopefully reach a consolidated conclusion on the impact of IA on human brain or point out the future direction in this field.