Analysis of Driving Stability and Vibration of a 20-kW Self-Propelled 1-Row Chinese Cabbage Harvester

ALI MOHAMMOD,이예슬,Chowdhury Milon,KHAN NADEEM ALI,Swe Khine Myat,Rasool Kamal,Kabir Md Shaha Nur,이대현,정선옥 한국농업기계학회 2021 바이오시스템공학 Vol.46 No.1

Purpose Overturning and high vibration levels are major causes of agricultural farm fatalities and mechanical troubles during operation. This study assessed the stability angles of a self-propelled 1-row Chinese cabbage harvester and measured the vibration levels for safety under different conditions. Methods The stability of the Chinese cabbage harvester was investigated using computational methods, and the vibration levels were measured on off-road and field conditions. The three-dimensional model of the Chinese cabbage harvester was designed and simulated to evaluate the static stability angles employing commercial software. The relationship between vehicle and deformable soil was calculated using the empirical models. The critical angles and the climbing ability of the developed harvester were examined under loaded and unloaded conditions. The vibration exposures were measured on the cabbage conveyor and the power transmission part in static, off-road, and field operation conditions under various speeds and slopes. Results The stability simulation results showed the minimum lateral stability angles of the harvester were pointed on the loaded condition compared to the unloaded condition. The maximum sideways overturning angle of the Chinese cabbage harvester was recorded as 32° at 150° ground angle and 30° at 270° ground angle, from the moving directions clockwise, for unloaded and loaded conditions. The high levels of vibration were measured at 0.19, 1.64, and 1.38 m/s2 for static, off-road, and field conditions at high speeds among X-, Y-, and Z-axis directions, respectively. Besides, the considerable vector sum (Av) exposures were calculated 1.54, 2.14, and 2.48 m/s2 at 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 m/s forward speeds on the cabbage conveyor part. Conclusion The concept and guidelines of this research could help to protect operators from safety risks and expose vibration characteristics during farm operations of the self-propelled Chinese cabbage harvester prototype.

EFFECT OF FEEDING BROILER LITTER ON GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION BY BARBARI GOAT

Nadeem, M.A.,Ali, A.,Azim, A.,Khan, A.G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1993 Animal Bioscience Vol.6 No.1

Four isocaloric (68.71, 67.07, 66.68 and 66.25% TDN) and isonitrogenous (12.96, 13.36, 13.36 and 12.96% CP) diets without or with 20, 25 and 30% broiler litter were fed to 20 male kids for 90 days. Weight gain and feed efficiency were higher (p < 0.05) for kids offered control diets as compared to kids fed diets containing broiler litter. There was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the feed intake with increasing level of broiler litter in the diets. Digestibility for organic matter, crude protein and crude fibre were not affected (p > 0.05) by the inclusion of broiler litter in the diets, whereas inclusion of broiler litter depressed (p < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter and ash. Nitrogen balance was positive for all diets, however, nitrogen retention decreased (p < 0.01) with the increased level of broiler litter. Blood Na, K, Ca, P and urea-N were within normal range.

Qualitative study of the fractional order nonlinear chaotic model: electronic realization and secure data enhancement

Khan Najeeb Alam,Akbar Saeed,Qureshi Muhammad Ali,Hameed Tooba,Khan Nadeem Alam 한국물리학회 2021 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.78 No.2

In this work, we explore the superposition of two well-known chaotic oscillators, namely, the Duffing double-well and the forced van der Pol with the fractional order derivative. The proportional fractional derivative has been taken for numerical simulations and highly chaotic solution to improve some information of security systems has been found. The existence and the uniqueness of a super system are stated in the form of theorems using the Lipschitz condition locally. The qualitative properties of chaotic dynamics are described by mean of Lyapunov exponent (LE), eigenvalues, bifurcation and Poincaré maps. The analog circuit is also intended, with the help of different physical instruments, to validate the superposition of chaotic systems. The randomness level of a superposition chaotic system is tested via standard test suite, and the qualified set of a 32-bit array with high haphazardness is used for encryption as well as decryption. Furthermore, a security analysis is performed using different parameters, such as the uncertainty, similarity etc. The outcomes for the properties, time evolution, phase portrait, and oscilloscopic views are presented in tabulated and graphical forms.

Hemodynamic Flow in a Vertical Cylinder with Heat Transfer

Farhad Ali,Anees Imtiaz,Ilyas Khan,Nadeem Ahmad Sheikh,Dennis Ling Chuan Ching 한국자기학회 2018 Journal of Magnetics Vol.23 No.2

In blood, the concentration of red blood cells varies with the arterial diameter. In the case of narrow arteries, red blood cells concentrate around the centre of the artery and there exists a cell-free plasma layer near the arterial wall due to Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect. Due to non-uniformity of the fluid in the narrow arteries, it is preferable to consider the two-phase model of the blood flow. The present article analyzes the heat transfer effects on the two-phase model of the unsteady blood flow when it flows through the stenosed artery under an external pressure gradient. The direction of the artery is assumed to be vertical and the magnetic field is applied along the radial direction of the artery. Blood is considered as a non-Newtonian Casson fluid with uniformly distributed magnetic particles. Both the blood and magnetic particles are moving with distinct velocities. This two-phase problem is modelled using the Caputo-Fabrizio derivative approach and then solved for an exact solution using joint Laplace & Hankel transforms. Effects of pertinent parameters such as Grashoff number, Prandtl number, Casson fluid parameter and fractional parameters, and magnetic field on blood velocity and particle velocity have been shown graphically for both large and small values of time. Both velocity profiles increase with the increase of Grashoff number and Casson fluid parameter and reduce with the increase of magnetic field and Prandtl number. The behaviour of temperature is studied for different values of the fractional parameter.

An Energy Efficient Interference-aware Routing Protocol for Underwater WSNs

( Anwar Khan ),( Nadeem Javaid ),( Ihsan Ali ),( Mohammad Hossein Anisi ),( Atiq Ur Rahman ),( Naeem Bhatti ),( Muhammad Zia ),( Hasan Mahmood ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.10

Interference-aware routing protocol design for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is one of the key strategies in reducing packet loss in the highly hostile underwater environment. The reduced interference causes efficient utilization of the limited battery power of the sensor nodes that, in consequence, prolongs the entire network lifetime. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient interference-aware routing (EEIAR) protocol for UWSNs. A sender node selects the best relay node in its neighborhood with the lowest depth and the least number of neighbors. Combination of the two routing metrics ensures that data packets are forwarded along the least interference paths to reach the final destination. The proposed work is unique in that it does not require the full dimensional localization information of sensor nodes and the network total depth is segmented to identify source, relay and neighbor nodes. Simulation results reveal better performance of the scheme than the counterparts DBR and EEDBR techniques in terms of energy efficiency, packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay.

Plan Dose Evaluation of Three Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy Planning (3D-CRT) of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC): Experience of a Tertiary Care University Hospital in Pakistan

Abbasi, Ahmed Nadeem,Hafiz, Asim,Ali, Nasir,Khan, Khurshid Ahmed Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10

Background: Radiation therapy is the mainstay of treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Importance of tumor coverage and challenges posed by its unique and critical location are well evident. Therefore we aimed to evaluate our radiation treatment plan through dose volume histograms (DVHs) to find planning target volume (PTV) dose coverage and factors affecting it. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study covered 45 histologically proven nasopharyngeal cancer patients who were treated with definitive 3D-CRT and chemotherapy between Feb 2006 to March 2013 at the Department of Oncology, Section Radiation Oncology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. DVH was evaluated to find numbers of shrinking field (phases), PTV volume in different phases and its coverage by the 95% isodose lines, along with influencing factors. Results: There were 36 males (80%) and 9 females (20%) in the age range of 12-84 years. Stage IVA (46.7%) was the most common stage followed by stage III (31.1). Eighty six point six-percent received induction, 95.5% received concurrent and 22.2% received adjuvant chemotherapy. The prescribed median radiation dose was 70Gy to primary, 60Gy to clinically positive neck nodes and 50Gy to clinically negative neck regions. Mean dose to spinal cord was 44.2Gy and to optic chiasma was 52Gy. Thirty seven point eight-percent patients completed their treatment in three phases while 62.2% required four to five phases. Mean volume for PTV3 was $247.8cm^3$ (50-644.3), PTV4 $173.8cm^3$ (26.5-345.1) and PTV5 $119.6cm^3$ (18.9-246.1) and PTV volume coverage by 95% isodose lines were 74.4%, 85.7% and 100% respectively. Advanced T stage, intracranial extension and tumor volume > $200cm^3$ were found to be important factors associated with decreased PTV coverage by 95% isodose line. Conclusions: 3D CRT results in adequate PTV dose coverage by 95% isodose line. However advanced T stage, intracranial extension and large target volume require more advanced techniques like IMRT for appropriate PTV coverage.

농업용 소형 궤도차량 동력전달시스템 효율성 분석

모하마드알리 ( Mohammod Ali ),나피울이슬람 ( Md. Nafiul Islam ),카말라술 ( Kamal Rasool ),밀론초두리 ( Milon Chowdhury ),나딤알리칸 ( Nadeem Ali Khan ),정선옥 ( Sun-ok Chung ) 한국농업기계학회 2020 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.25 No.2

Optimization of the power transmission parts is essential for the development of a multi-functional platform for an agricultural track vehicle. However, the goals of the study were to design the gears and to evaluate the power transmission efficiency using computational simulation methods. The 3D models of a 10, 20, 30, 40, 50T spiral bevel gear were generated using steel material SM45C, employing the commercial software. The power transmission efficiency was calculated varying the gear teeth number, face width, and motor speeds maintaining the electric vehicle powertrain directions. The gear modules of 2.2, 2.7, and 3.2 were used to design the selected gears following a 1:1 gear ratio. The power transmission efficiency of the introduced vehicle was simulated using 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 rpm speeds. The simulation results of a 3.2 mm module with 50T showed better performance with maximum power loss at a high rotational speed. The maximum power transmission efficiency was recorded to be 99.95% when adjusted for 4000 rpm rotational speed. The designed gears with 30 mm and 20 mm face width achieved 99.91% and 99.93% transmission efficiency, respectively. The software-based analysis of power transmission gears would provide guidelines for the optimal design of the introduced agricultural utility vehicle.

Optimal Resource Allocation and Task Scheduling in Fog Computing for Internet of Medical Things Applications

SHABIR AHMAD,Khan Salman,Shah Ibrar Ali,Nadeem Muhammad Faisal,Jan Sadaqat,Whangbo Taegkeun 한국컴퓨터산업협회 2023 Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences Vol.13 No.-

Fog computing evolved in 2012 and extended conventional cloud computing services to the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Real-time applications require fast response to satisfy their quality-of-service requirements. However, cloud computing generates communication latency, which is unacceptable for real-time applications. Fog computing eliminates latency sensitivity by providing services at the edge to IoT users. However, the number of IoT users is increasing exponentially; thus, tasks are generated dynamically and stochastically. Fog computing is a resource-constrained paradigm, unlike the cloud; therefore, adequate resource utilization and task scheduling are challenging. This article proposes a novel framework for Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) applications based on load balancing and task scheduling to minimize overhead latency. To realize the proposed framework, we implement a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) technique for delay-sensitive IoMT applications. The proposed algorithm is implemented and evaluated using the iFogSim modeling toolkit. The evaluation is based on performance metrics of execution time delay, execution cost, energy consumption, and network bandwidth consumption as utility functions. Experimental results based on the proposed technique show significant improvements in the performance of IoMT applications (up to 20%, 30%, and 15% in terms of delay, cost, energy, and network, respectively), compared with their counterparts. Moreover, the proposed technique based on MPSO improves resource utilization by up to 80%.

Can the bone marrow harvest volume be reduced safely in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with pediatric sibling donors?

Awatif AlAnazi,Amer Nadeem,Khawar Siddiqui,Ali AlAhmari,Ibrahim Ghemlas,Abdullah AlJefri,Hawazen AlSaedi,Saadiya Khan,Mouhab Ayas 대한혈액학회 2023 Blood Research Vol.58 No.1

Background Reduced harvest volumes in pediatric donors appear to have the potential to reduce donor- associated risks while maintaining engraftment in recipients; however, the allowable harvest volume reduction remains undefined. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data pairs of 553 bone marrow (BM) harvests from pediatric (age at harvest <18 yr) sibling donors and clinical outcomes of 553 pediatric (age at infusion <14 yr) transplant-naïve recipients to assess the optimal BM harvest volume needed from pediatric donors to obtain the desired CD34+ cell count (≥3.0×106 cells per kg of recipient weight), and to study its impact on the clinical outcomes of transplantation in pediatric recipients. Results The minimum desired CD34+ cell count of ≥3.0×106 per kg of recipient weight was achieved for 506 (95.3%) of donor-recipient pairs. The median CD34+ cell yield was 6.4×106 per kg of recipient weight (range, 1.2‒33.8×106) in donors younger than 5 years old at harvest, 4.7×106 (range, 0.3‒28.5×106) in donors aged 5‒10 years and 2.1×106 (range, 0.3‒11.3×106) in donors older than 10 years (P <0.001). Conclusion The infused CD34+ cell dose (×106 cells/kg of recipient weight) had no impact on GRFS; however, a CD34+ cell dose of >7×106 cells/kg of recipient weight did not improve hematopoietic recovery.

Characterization and Comparative Evaluation of Milk Protein Variants from Pakistani Dairy Breeds

Iqra Yasmin,Rabia Iqbal,Atif Liaqat,Wahab Ali Khan,Muhamad Nadeem,Aamir Iqbal,Muhammad Farhan Jahangir Chughtai,Syed Junaid Ur Rehman,Saima Tehseen,Tariq Mehmood,Samreen Ahsan,Saira Tanweer,Saima Naz 한국축산식품학회 2020 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.40 No.5

The aim of study was to scrutinize the physicochemical and protein profile of milk obtained from local Pakistani breeds of milch animals such as Nilli-Ravi buffalo, Sahiwal cow, Kajli sheep, Beetal goat and Brela camel. Physicochemical analysis unveiled maximum number of total solids and protein found in sheep and minimum in camel. Buffalo milk contains the highest level of fat (7.45%) while camel milk contains minimum (1.94%). Ash was found maximum in buffalo (0.81%) and sheep (0.80%) while minimum in cow’s milk (0.71%). Casein and whey proteins were separated by subjecting milk to isoelectric pH and then analyzed through sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results showed heterogeneity among these species. Different fractions including αS1, αS2, κ-casein, β-casein and β-lactoglobulen (β-Lg) were identified and quantitatively compared in all milk samples. Additionally, this electrophoretic method after examining the number and strength of different protein bands (αS1, αS2, β- CN, α-LAC, BSA, and β-Lg, etc.), was helpful to understand the properties of milk for different processing purposes and could be successfully applied in dairy industry. Results revealed that camel milk was best suitable for producing allergen free milk protein products. Furthermore, based on the variability of milk proteins, it is suggested to clarify the phylogenetic relationships between different cattle breeds and to gather the necessary data to preserve the genetic fund and biodiversity of the local breeds. Thus, the study of milk protein from different breed and species has a wide range of scope in producing diverse protein based dairy products like cheese.