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현대 한국어문학 형성기 한자어(漢字語)의 표기(表記)와 한자(漢字)·한글 사용(使用)의 문제 -지석영(池錫永)의 「국문론」, 『言文』 등을 중심으로-
이준환(李準煥) ( Yi¸ Jun-hwan ) 한국어문교육연구회 2020 어문연구(語文硏究) Vol.48 No.4
이 글에서는 현대 한국어문학 형성기의 국문과 한문, 한자 및 한자어 사용 및 표기의 문제를 池錫永의 저작물을 통해 고찰하여 당시의 과제는 무엇이었으며 어떤 해결책이 모색되었는지를 번역으로 이루어진 게일의 『牖蒙千字』와 비교하여 살펴보았다. 지석영은 「국문론」 편찬 이전에 한문으로 된 『牛痘新說』, 순 국문으로 된 『신학신설』을 편찬하면서 겪은 번역의 경험을 통하여 국어 문장을 어떤 식으로 표현할지를 고민하였고, 국한문이 대세가 된 현실에 맞추어 실질적인 도움을 줄 『言文』과 같은 공구서를 편찬하게 되었다. 『言文』에서는 음을 중심으로 검색을 하고, 음만으로도 적을 수 있도록 하는 길을 열어 두어 국문 대 한문의 대응을 한눈에 보고, 「국문론」에서 천명하였던 한자음의 고저, 고유어의 장단의 구별을 해소하기 위한 답을 제시하였다. 또한 『兒學編』, 『字典釋要』에서는 현실음을 반영한 것과는 달리 이곳에서는 규범음으로써 한자어 표기를 하도록 하여 국문 표기의 표의적 기능을 살리려 하였다. 이곳에 반영된 한자어를 『牖蒙千字』와 비교하여 보니 학습 대상으로 설정한 한자의 개수, 한자어의 현실성 등에서 굉장히 근접한 양상을 보였다. In this article, I wanted to consider the problems of the use and notation of Korean alphabet(Hangeul), Chinese characters, Chinese characters and Korean Chinese characters in the formative period of Korean language literature through the works of Ji Seok-yeong. Through this, I compared the tasks of the time, what solutions were sought, and compared them to the book Yumongcheonja, which was compiled by Gale, considering that translation was important. Before writing the Gungmunnon, Ji Seok-yeong considered how to express Korean sentences through his experience in translation while compiling the Chinese-language Udusinseol and Sinhaksinseol. In addition, Ji Seok-yeong compiled a reference book, Eonmun, which will provide practical help to sentences expressed in a mixture of Korean alphabet(Hangeul) and Chinese characters in sentence with the current trend of Korean and Chinese characters have become popular. He left open the possibility of searching around the notes in the written language and marking them only with the notes. Through this process, he took a quick look at the response between Korean alphabet( Hangeul) and Chinese characters and presented answers to resolve the confusion in the height of Chinese characters and the distinction between the Korean and the pure Korean language. He also tried to revive the voting function of the Korean writing system by making Chinese characters written in Chinese characters based on normative Chinese characters in the language, un like the actual Chinese characters in the Ahakpyeon and Jajeonseogyo. Compared to the Chinese characters reflected in Eonmun with Yumongcheonja, the number of Chinese characters selected for study and the practicality of Chinese characters were very close. This shows that the problems of language reality that Ji Seok-yeong has experienced and felt in the course of translating and training doctors are concentrated here.
( Junhwan Kim ),( Young Mi Jung ),( Da Yong Lee ),( Byung Chul Jee ) 대한산부인과학회 2017 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.60 No.1
Objective To investigate individual pretreatment serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) cutoff value for medical treatment success with single-dose and multi-dose regimen of methotrexate in tubal ectopic pregnancy. Methods Eighty-five women who received methotrexate for the treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy during 2003 to 2015 were selected. Fifty-three women received a single-dose regimen and 32 women received a multi-dose regimen. Medical treatment failure was defined as necessity of surgical treatment. The medical treatment success rate was estimated in both regimens and the pretreatment serum hCG titer to predict the success was assessed by receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. Results Pretreatment clinical and laboratory parameters were similar between group of single-dose regimen and multi-dose regimen. Treatment success rate was 64.2% in the single-dose regimen group and 71.9% in the multi-dose regimen group (P>0.05). Pretreatment serum hCG titer was an independent prognostic factor for treatment success in each regimen. Serum hCG cutoff value to predict the treatment success was 3,026 IU/L in single-dose regimen group and 3,711 IU/L in multi-dose regimen group. Conclusion We recommend use of single-dose regimen when pretreatment serum hCG <3,026 IU/L but multi-dose regimen may be favored when initial serum hCG level between 3,026 and 3,711 IU/L.
Feature Map Swap: Multispectral Data Fusion Method for Pedestrian Detection
Junhwan Ryu,Sungho Kim 제어로봇시스템학회 2019 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.10
This paper proposes a novel multispectral data fusion method for pedestrian detection. For all-day vision, a fusion of CCD and Infrared (IR) sensors are inevitable, and fusion of heterogeneous data based on a Convolutional neural network (CNN) is only based on the feature map concatenation of parallel CNN architecture. However, concatenation that is simply applied has a problem in that it can not fully utilize multispectral data in a deep network architecture. Therefore, this paper proposes a method called Feature Map Swap (FMS) of swapping feature maps in addition to concatenation. The proposed method can use multispectral data more efficiently by facilitating learning, by swapping the different domain weights of feature maps besides to concatenation. Also, the proposed method does not require any modifications, such as adding or removing layers to an already configured network architecture. Experimental results show that the performance of the KAIST multispectral pedestrian dataset is improved by about 7-10 % based on log-average miss rate compared to simple concatenation.
Construction of the Knock-out Mutant Using a Purified Cas9 Protein in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Junhwan JANG,Yoongil LEE,EonSeon JIN 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
The idea of synthetic biology involves application of metabolic engineering approaches to reprogram carbon flux toward the generation of compounds useful in industrial and domestic applications. Microalgae could be the best suited for such effort, as they are easily converted into cell factories for fuel and chemicals production. However, metabolic engineering in microalgae has been limited because specific transformation tools need to be developed for each microalgal species. To enable sequential addition or deletion of genes for multi-component metabolic engineering, the site-specific gene expression of Chlamydomonas induced by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated has been established in our laboratory (Kim et al. 2020). This knock-out method was performed by use of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex and desired DNA fragment. However, to employ this CRISPR-Cas system, a large amount of Cas9 protein is required. In this regard, Cas9 purification method using FPLC was established and the purified Cas9 was assessed in vitro and in vivo. As a result, the gene (CrFTSY) was targeted and the knockout mutants of CrFTSY gene were generated. These mutants displayed the pale green color and low chlorophyll content, which provide the easy screening of mutants by the observation of different color. The employment of our protocols using purified Cas9 was also assessed in different Chlamydomonas strain, which could be useful for broad aspects of biotechnological applications.