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Juan Yao,Guotao Lin,Zhenxi Du,Jun Liang,Huan He,Xiaoming Shen,Yuechun Fu 대한금속·재료학회 2021 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.17 No.4
ZnO nanowires (ZnO NWs) were synthesized by hydrothermal method on Si (100) substrates, in which an insulating MgOlayer deposited using sol–gel method was inserted between the seed layer and Si substrate. The eff ects of MgO layer on themicrostructure, luminescence and electrical properties of ZnO NWs as well as n-ZnO NWs/p-Si heterojunction LEDs wereinvestigated. With the insertion of MgO layer, well-aligned ZnO NWs with good crystalline quality are obtained, which canbe attributed to the smooth seed layer with homogeneous globular particles. The electroluminescence spectra of n-ZnO NWs/MgO/p-Si heterojunction LEDs exhibit a broad emission band from near ultraviolet to yellow-green region. n-ZnO NWs/MgO/p-Si heterojunction also shows an enhanced ultraviolet photoluminescence effi ciency, and its defect-related visibleemission is greatly suppressed compared with that of n-ZnO NWs/p-Si heterojunction. The current–voltage curves of bothheterojunction LEDs present a typical rectifying behavior, but the rectifi cation ratio increases almost 5 times by insertingMgO layer, which is ascribed to a reduction in the leakage current under reverse bias voltage.
( Jia Yao ),( Yaqiu Ji ),( Tian Liu ),( Jinjia Bai ),( Han Wang ),( Ruoyu Yao ),( Juan Wang ),( Xiaoshuang Zhou ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2024 Gut and Liver Vol.18 No.3
Background/Aims: The occurrence and development of hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is closely related to the immune pathway. We explored the heterogeneity of peripheral blood T cell subsets and the characteristics of exhausted T lymphocytes, in an attempt to identify potential therapeutic target molecules for immune dysfunction in ACLF patients. Methods: A total of 83,577 T cells from HBV-ACLF patients and healthy controls were screened for heterogeneity by single-cell RNA sequencing. In addition, exhausted T-lymphocyte subsets were screened to analyze their gene expression profiles, and their developmental trajectories were investigated. Subsequently, the expression of exhausted T cells and their capacity in secreting cytokines (interleukin 2, interferon γ, and tumor necrosis factor α) were validated by flow cytometry. Results: A total of eight stable clusters were identified, among which CD4<sup>+</sup> TIGIT<sup>+</sup> subset and CD8<sup>+</sup> LAG-3<sup>+</sup> subset, with high expression of exhaust genes, were significantly higher in the HBV-ACLF patients than in normal controls. As shown by pseudotime analysis, T cells experienced a transition from naïve T cells to effector T cells and then exhausted T cells. Flow cytometry confirmed that the CD4<sup>+</sup>TIGIT<sup>+</sup> subset and CD8<sup>+</sup>LAG-3<sup>+</sup> subset in the peripheral blood of the ACLF patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls. Moreover, in vitro cultured CD8<sup>+</sup>LAG-3<sup>+</sup> T cells were significantly fewer capable of secreting cytokines than CD8<sup>+</sup>LAG-3<sup>-</sup> subset. Conclusions: Peripheral blood T cells are heterogeneous in HBV-ACLF. The exhausted T cells markedly increase during the pathogenesis of ACLF, suggesting that T-cell exhaustion is involved in the immune dysfunction of HBV-ACLF patients. (Gut Liver 2024;18:520-530)
( Jiang Li Juan ),( Wen Juan Wu ),( Hai Wu ),( Son Sik Ryang ),( Jian Zhou ),( Wei Wu ),( Tao Li ),( Jian Guo ),( Hong Hai Wang ),( Shui Hua Lu ),( Yao Li ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2012 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.22 No.9
We combined real-time RT-PCR and real-time PCR (R/P) assays using a hydrolysis probe to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC)-specific 16S rRNA and its rRNA gene (rDNA). The assay was applied to 28 nonrespiratory and 207 respiratory specimens from 218 patients. Total nucleic acids (including RNA and DNA) were extracted from samples, and results were considered positive if the repeat RT-PCR threshold cycle was ≤35 and the ratio of real-time RT-PCR and real-time PCR load was ≥1.51. The results were compared with those from existing methods, including smear, culture, and real-time PCR. Following resolution of the discrepant results between R/P assay and culture, the overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV) of all samples (including nonrespiratory and respiratory specimens) were 98.2%, 97.2%, 91.7%, and 99.4%, respectively, for R/P assay, and 83.9%, 89.9%, 72.3%, and 94.7%, respectively, for real-time PCR. Furthermore, the R/P assay of four patient samples showed a higher ratio before treatment than after several days of treatment. We conclude that the R/P assay is a rapid and accurate method for direct detection of MTBC, which can distinguish viable and nonviable MTBC, and thus may guide patient therapy and public health decisions.
INTERFEROMETRIC MONITORING OF GAMMA–RAY BRIGHT ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI II: FREQUENCY PHASE TRANSFER
Juan-Carlos Algaba,Guang-Yao Zhao,이상성,변도영,강신철,김대원,김재영,김정숙,김순욱,KINOMOTOKI,Atsushi Miyazaki,박종호,Sascha Trippe,Kiyoaki Wajima 한국천문학회 2015 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.48 No.5
The Interferometric Monitoring of Gamma--ray Bright Active galactic nuclei (iMOGABA) program provides not only simultaneous multifrequency observations of bright gamma--ray detected active galactic nuclei (AGN), but also covers the highest Very Large Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) frequencies ever being systematically monitored, up to 129~GHz. However, observation and imaging of weak sources at the highest observed frequencies is very challenging. In the second paper in this series, we evaluate the viability of the frequency phase transfer technique to iMOGABA in order to obtain larger coherence time at the higher frequencies of this program (86 and 129 GHz) and image additional sources that were not detected using standard techniques. We find that this method is applicable to the iMOGABA program even under non--optimal weather conditions.
The Power of Simultaneous Multi-frequency Observations for mm-VLBI: Beyond Frequency Phase Transfer
Guang-Yao Zhao,Juan Carlos Algaba,Sang Sung Lee,Taehyun Jung,Richard Dodson,Maria Rioja,Do-Young Byun,Jeffrey Hodgson,Sincheol Kang,Dae-Won Kim,Jae-Young Kim,Jeong-Sook Kim,Soon-Wook Kim,Motoki Kino,A 한국천문학회 2017 天文學會報 Vol.42 No.1
Rui-Juan Xu,Bin Qiao,Bing-Zhi Li,Hua Lu,Yao Chen,Ying-Jin Yuan 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.2
Cephalosporium acremonium has been widely applied in industrial cephalosporin C fermentation. However,little is known about the molecular basis of fermentation behavior of this strain. In this study, comparative lipidomic analysis using LC/ESI/MSn technology was employed to investigate responses of Cephalosporium acremonium to multiple environment variations in realistic industrial cephalosporin C fermentation process and provide molecular basis for the discrepancies between industrial and pilot fermentations. Totally 77 phospholipids species were detected and 65 species were further quantified. Score plot revealed that phospholipids metabolism differed in industrial and pilot process. Loading pilot indicated that the main variables responsible for the discrimination of industrial and pilot process were phosphatidylinositols (PIs), phosphatidylserines (PSs) and phosphatic acids (PAs). Higher PIs content in industrial process indicated that cells were more vigorous in industrial process than those in pilot process. Larger increases of PSs, PAs and ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid coincided well with the earlier and more thorough cellular morphological differentiation in industrial process. The synergetic reaction between cellular behavior and cells living environment led to titer discrepancies between industrial and pilot process. These findings provided lipidomic insights into industrial cephalosporin C production. Cephalosporium acremonium has been widely applied in industrial cephalosporin C fermentation. However,little is known about the molecular basis of fermentation behavior of this strain. In this study, comparative lipidomic analysis using LC/ESI/MSn technology was employed to investigate responses of Cephalosporium acremonium to multiple environment variations in realistic industrial cephalosporin C fermentation process and provide molecular basis for the discrepancies between industrial and pilot fermentations. Totally 77 phospholipids species were detected and 65 species were further quantified. Score plot revealed that phospholipids metabolism differed in industrial and pilot process. Loading pilot indicated that the main variables responsible for the discrimination of industrial and pilot process were phosphatidylinositols (PIs), phosphatidylserines (PSs) and phosphatic acids (PAs). Higher PIs content in industrial process indicated that cells were more vigorous in industrial process than those in pilot process. Larger increases of PSs, PAs and ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid coincided well with the earlier and more thorough cellular morphological differentiation in industrial process. The synergetic reaction between cellular behavior and cells living environment led to titer discrepancies between industrial and pilot process. These findings provided lipidomic insights into industrial cephalosporin C production.
Optimal Power Allocation for Channel Estimation of OFDM Uplinks in Time-Varying Channels
Rugui Yao,Yinsheng Liu,Juan Xu 한국전자통신연구원 2015 ETRI Journal Vol.37 No.1
This paper deals with optimal power allocation for channel estimation of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing uplinks in time-varying channels. In the existing literature, the estimation of time-varying channel response in an uplink environment can be accomplished by estimating the corresponding channel parameters. Accordingly, the optimal power allocation studied in the literature has been in terms of minimizing the mean square error of the channel estimation. However, the final goal for channel estimation is to enable the application of coherent detection, which usually means high spectral efficiency. Therefore, it is more meaningful to optimize the power allocation in terms of capacity. In this paper, we investigate capacity with imperfect channel estimation. By exploiting the derived capacity expression, an optimal power allocation strategy is developed. With this developed power allocation strategy, improved performance can be observed, as demonstrated by the numerical results.
Guang-Yao Zhao,Taehyun Jung,Bong Won Sohn,Motoki Kino,Mareki Honma,Richard Dodson,Maria Rioja,Seog-Tae Han,Katsunori Shibata,Do-Young Byun,Kazunori Akiyama,Juan-Carlos Algaba,Tao An,Xiaopeng Cheng,Ilj 한국천문학회 2019 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.52 No.1
The KVN(Korean VLBI Network)-style simultaneous multi-frequency receiving mode is demonstrated to be promising for mm-VLBI observations. Recently, other Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) facilities all over the globe start to implement compatible optics systems. Simultaneous dual/multi-frequency VLBI observations at mm wavelengths with international baselines are thus possible. In this paper, we present the results from the first successful simultaneous 22/43 GHz dualfrequency observation with KaVA(KVN and VERA array), including images and astrometric results. Our analysis shows that the newly implemented simultaneous receiving system has brought a significant extension of the coherence time of the 43 GHz visibility phases along the international baselines. The astrometric results obtained with KaVA are consistent with those obtained with the independent analysis of the KVN data. Our results thus confirm the good performance of the simultaneous receiving systems for the non-KVN stations. Future simultaneous observations with more global stations bring even higher sensitivity and micro-arcsecond level astrometric measurements of the targets.