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신선육및 육가공제품에 대한 소비자의 인식도 및 소비실태조사 제 2 보 . 육가공제품의 소비실태 및 구매성향
안병윤,김종원,이유방 ( Byung Yoon Ahn,Jong Won Kim,Yu Bang Lee ) 한국축산학회 1981 한국축산학회지 Vol.23 No.1
A total of 1006 households residing in Seoul, Taegu and Cheonan were surveyed to investigate the consumption pattern and purchasing tendency of processed meat products under the current marketing system. The results are as follows: 1. The average frequency of purchasing meat products was 3-4 times a month and the frequency was closely related to the monthly income of the consumers. A mere 6 percent of respondents with relatively high income purchased more than 10 times per month; whereas, sixty percent of respondents less than 3 times, indicating the consumption of processed meats is at very low level. 2. Sausage(fish-red meat mixture) was purchased most frequently(75%) by all consumption of ham was relatively high (∼20%) at the monthly income level of more than 400,000 won. 3. Meat products were chiefly consumed by children(71%) and teenagers(19%), and were used as side dish in lunch box(41%) or main meal(30%). 4. The average consumers purchased meat products primarily from supermarkets (53.1%), grocery stores(22.5%) and meat shops(16.5%). 5. The procurement of processed meat was determined either by the sole decision of housewife(56%) or by the recommendation of family members(27%). Good nutrition(40.7%) and convenience(29.1%) were the predominant reasons of baying processed meats. The low income people set the highest priority in good nutrition, whereas the high income people in convenience. 6. Forty one percent of respondents have the experience of having purchased foreign products, 15% of them having asserted the superiority of domestic products, while 43% expressed the reverse opinion.
An Endogenous Growth Model Approach to the Korean Economic Growth Factors
Lee, Jong Won,Yu, Byoung Gyu 한국생산성학회 2002 THE JOURNAL OF PRODUCTIVITY Vol.8 No.1
The rapid growth of the Korean economy since 1960s is generally regarded as a miraculous event. The growth strategies of the Korean economy have been evaluated as a successful development model imitated and pursued by other countries. But pessimistic views on the Korean economy as a growth model have been raised, especially when Korea faced the foreign exchange crisis in 1997. One of these pessimistic views is that Korean economic growth was just the result of an expansive input of production factors. Therefore it argues that the Korean economy lacks further potential of rapid growth. But these debatable arguments have not been properly analyzed yet. To evaluate the future growth potential of Asian countries including Korea, these pessimistic views should be examined thoroughly. The aim of this paper is to evaluate empirically the pessimistic views on the Korean economy. In other words, this paper analyzes what factors caused the growth of the Korean economy so far from a new viewpoint. This paper analyzes the growth factors of the Korean economy based on the new economic growth theory that regards technological change and human capital as endogenous core factors of economic growth. The main results of this paper show that the Korean economy has achieved endogenous growth depending not only on an extensive increase in capital input but also on its own technology development. Therefore we conclude that the popular pessimistic views on the future of the Korean economy are quite inappropriate. (011, 040, 053)
Very high open-circuit voltage in dual-gate graphene/silicon heterojunction solar cells
Won, Ui Yeon,Ly, Thuc Hue,Kim, Young Rae,Kang, Won Tae,Shin, Yong Seon,Lee, Ki Young,Heo, Jin Seong,Kim, Kun Nyun,Lee, Young Hee,Yu, Woo Jong Elsevier 2018 Nano energy Vol.53 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Two dimensional (2D) layered materials and their heterojunctions with other materials are attracted because of their remarkable electrical and optical properties. In particular, graphene/semiconductor Schottky heterojunction is used for high performance solar cells. Here, we demonstrated very high open circuit voltage (<I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> <I>)</I> in graphene/silicon heterojunction solar cell by dual-gate electric field application. The low density of states near Dirac point in graphene allows large modulation of graphene Fermi-level and corresponding Schottky barrier in a graphene/silicon junction. The top and bottom gate electric fields independently adjust the built-in potentials of respective upper and lower silicon energy band to induce higher band bending (1.22 eV) than the bandgap (1.12 eV). As a result, a maximum <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> of 0.94 V is achieved at the − 8 V of top-gate voltage and 10 V of bottom-gate voltage, exceeding highest known <I>V</I> <SUB>oc</SUB> for previous graphene/silicon solar cell (<I>V</I> <SUB>oc</SUB> = 0.61 V) and the S-Q Limit (0.84 V) of conventional silicon solar cell – a thermodynamic limit for the energy conversion efficiency of solar cells with a single band gap energy. The ratio of output power gain to input gate power (Δ<I>P</I> <SUB>G</SUB>/Δ<I>P</I> <SUB>C</SUB>) is approximately 10<SUP>12</SUP>–10<SUP>14</SUP> with negligible power consumption in the gate (<I>P</I> <SUB>C</SUB> = 1 fW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>–10 pW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>), resulting in the significant advances in the power generation (<I>P</I> <SUB>G</SUB> = 40 mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Graphene/silicon hetero-junction solar cell was demonstrated by applying dual gate bias in 1-sun condition. </LI> <LI> Highest Open circuit voltage over the S-Q limit was recorded by modulating electrostatic doping. </LI> <LI> The ratio of output power gain to input gate power (Δ<I>P</I> <SUB>G</SUB>/Δ<I>P</I> <SUB>C</SUB>) is approximately 10<SUP>12</SUP>–10<SUP>14</SUP> with negligible power consumption in the gate (<I>P</I> <SUB>C</SUB> = 1 fW/cm<SUP>2</SUP> – 10 pW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>). </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Yu-Mee Wee,Hae-Won Lee,Monica Young Choi,Hey Rim Jung,Ji Yoon Choi,Hyun Wook Kwon,Joo Hee Jung,Young Hoon Kim,Duck Jong Han,Sung Shin 한국간담췌외과학회 2018 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.22 No.4
Backgrounds/Aims: Compared with a single urinary biomarker, a composite of multiple urinary biomarkers may be more helpful for differentiating tubulointerstitial inflammation from interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IFTA) in kidney allografts. Methods: In this cross-sectional cohort study, we collected urine samples from 115 patients with for-cause biopsy, 53 patients with stable allografts, and 50 living kidney donors. We measured the urinary levels of transglutaminase 2 (TG2), syndecan-4 (SDC4), alpha 1 microglobulin (A1M), interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Results: The for-cause biopsy group showed significantly higher levels of log<SUB>e</SUB>TG2/Cr, log<SUB>e</SUB>A1M/Cr, log<SUB>e</SUB>IL-6/Cr, and log<SUB>e</SUB>MCP-1/Cr compared with other groups. In the for-cause biopsy group, log<SUB>e</SUB>TG2/Cr level was positively correlated with the severity of IFTA. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and the interval between kidney transplant and biopsy, TG2 and the interval between transplant and biopsy were significantly correlated variables for the severity of IFTA. Regarding tubulointerstitial inflammation, Body mass index, TG2, SDC4, and IP-10 were positively-correlated variables, and MCP-1 and the interval between transplant and biopsy were negatively-correlated variables. Conclusions: Our results show that post-transplant urinary levels of TG2, SDC4, MCP-1 and IP-10 may be a useful biomarker for tubulointerstitial inflammation and IFTA.
Differentiability of Evolution Operators in Reflexive Banach Space
Yu,Jong-won,Kwun,Young-chel 東亞大學校 大學院 1986 大學院論文集 Vol.11 No.-
X,Y를 實 또는 複素 Banach空間이라 한다. Y가 X안에 稠密하고 連續的으로 들어가고 作用素 U(t,s) : X → X, o≤s≤t≤T 가 다음 (a)∼(d)의 性質을 만족할 때 作用素족{U(T,S)} 을 發展作用素라 한다. (a) U(t,s)는 0≤s≤t≤T인 s, t X-强連續이고 U(s,s)= I, ?U(t,s)??≤Me?이다 (b) U(t,r)= U(t,s) U(S,r), r≤s≤t. (c) (D?U(t,s)y)?- =-A(s)y, y∈Y, 0≤s<T. (d) (d/ds)U(t,s)y = U(t,s)A(s)y, y∈Y, 0≤s≤t≤T. 本 論文에서는 Y 가 Reflexive Banach空間일 때, {A(t) +B(t)} 에 관한 發展作用素 V(t,s)의 微分可能性에 관한 여러가지 性質들 (定理3.1, 정理3.3)을 밝혔다.