Synergistic effect of melamine in combination with cyanuric acid on urinary tract toxicity in rats

Jong-Choon Kim, In-Chul Lee, Sung-Hwan Kim, Hyung-Sun Baek, Sung-Soo Kang 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2013 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.14 No.3

The present study investigated the urinary tract toxicity of melamine alone or in combination with cyanuric acid in rats. Male rats were orally administered melamine alone (800 mg/kg) or melamine plus cyanuric acid (50 mg/kg each) for 3 consecutive days. Although melamine treatment did not show any significant difference in body weight, kidney or urinary bladder weight, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) or creatinine levels, it caused a decrease in urinary pH and mild histopathological alterations in the kidney and urinary bladder. In contrast, co-administration of melamine and cyanuric acid induced a decrease in body weight, an increase in kidneys and urinary bladder weights, and an elevation in serum BUN and creatinine levels, which were not observed in animals treated with melamine alone. Histopathological examination showed that the incidence and severity of histopathological lesions in the kidney and urinary bladder were much higher than those in the melamine group. Urinalysis revealed an increase in urine occult blood, leukocytes and protein and a decrease in urinary pH. These results indicate that concomitant administration of cyanuric acid synergistically potentiated the urinary tract toxicity induced by melamine in rats. In this study, we first demonstrated the synergistic toxic effects of melamine in combination with cyanuric acid on urinary bladder and urinalysis in rats.

3D 프린팅 기법을 통한 전립샘암 환자의 내부장기 팬텀 제작 및 생체내선량측정(In-vivo dosimetry)에 대한 고찰

서정남,나종억,배선명,정동민,윤인하,배재범,곽정원,백금문,Seo, Jung Nam,Na, Jong Eok,Bae, Sun Myung,Jung, Dong Min,Yoon, In Ha,Bae, Jae Bum,Kwack, Jung Won,Baek, Geum Mun 대한방사선치료학회 2015 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.27 No.1

목 적 : 본 연구는 3D 프린터를 이용하여 전립샘부위 팬텀을 제작하고 생체내선량측정(In-vivo dosimetry)을 통해 그 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 전립샘암 환자의 3차원 치료체적을 바탕으로 3D 프린터(3D EDISON+, Lokit, KOREA)를 이용하여 전립샘과 직장의 체적을 동일하게 모사한 팬텀을 제작하고, 컴퓨터단층촬영(Lightspeed CT, GE, USA)을 통해 팬텀영상을 획득하였다. 전립샘암 환자의 체적과 팬텀의 체적을 비교 한 후, 전산화치료계획시스템(Eclipse version 10.0, Varian, USA)을 이용하여 치료계획을 설계하였다. 팬텀 내 측정지점인 방광(Bladder), 전립샘(Prostate), 직장 위벽(Rectal anterior wall), 직장 아래벽(Rectal posterior wall)의 임의의 지점에 모스펫검출기(Metal OXIDE Silicon Field Effect Transistor, MOSFET)를 위치시켜 선량 측정값과 치료계획을 비교분석 하였다. 결 과 : 전립샘과 직장풍선의 환자체적은 각각 30.61 cc, 52.19 cc 이고, 팬텀체적은 31.12 cc, 53.52 cc로 각 체적의 차이는 3% 미만으로 확인되었다. 모스펫검출기의 정밀도는 3%이내로 측정되었고 선량의 변화에 따라 상관계수 R2 = 0.99 ~ 1.00 의 선형성을 보였다. 네 곳의 측정 지점을 치료계획된 선량과 비교한 결과 방광 1.4%, 전립샘 2.6%, 직장 위벽 3.7%, 직장 아래벽 1.5%로 나타났고 모스펫검출기의 정밀도를 고려한 선량측정의 정확성은 5% 이내로 평가되었다. 결 론 : 본 실험을 통해 3D 프린터를 이용하여 제작한 전립샘 부위 팬텀은 체적의 차이 3% 미만으로, 인체를 모사하는데 효과적으로 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 제작된 팬텀을 이용한 생체내선량측정은 모스펫검출기의 정밀도를 고려하더라도 방광, 전립샘, 직장 위벽, 직장 아래벽의 모든 측정점에서 5% 이내의 정확도로 수행 할 수 있었다. 따라서 3D 프린트를 이용해 제작된 전립샘 부위 팬텀은 생체선량측정을 하는데 있어 매우 유용하였으며 향후 환자에게 직접 적용하기 어려운 부위를 팬텀으로 대체 제작하여 생체내선량측정이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of a 3D printed phantom for in-vivo dosimetry of a prostate cancer patient. Materials and Methods : The phantom is produced to equally describe prostate and rectum based on a 3D volume contour of an actual prostate cancer patient who is treated in Asan Medical Center by using a 3D printer (3D EDISON+, Lokit, Korea). CT(Computed tomography) images of phantom are aquired by computed tomography (Lightspeed CT, GE, USA). By using treatment planning system (Eclipse version 10.0, Varian, USA), treatment planning is established after volume of a prostate cancer patient is compared with volume of the phantom. MOSFET(Metal OXIDE Silicon Field Effect Transistor) is estimated to identify precision and is located in 4 measuring points (bladder, prostate, rectal anterior wall and rectal posterior wall) to analyzed treatment planning and measured value. Results : Prostate volume and rectum volume of prostate cancer patient represent 30.61 cc and 51.19 cc respectively. In case of a phantom, prostate volume and rectum volume represent 31.12 cc and 53.52 cc respectively. A variation of volume between a prostate cancer patient and a phantom is less than 3%. Precision of MOSFET represents less than 3%. It indicates linearity and correlation coefficient indicates from 0.99 ~ 1.00 depending on dose variation. Each accuracy of bladder, prostate, rectal anterior wall and rectal posterior wall represent 1.4%, 2.6%, 3.7% and 1.5% respectively. In- vivo dosimetry represents entirely less than 5% considering precision of MOSFET. Conclusion : By using a 3D printer, possibility of phantom production based on prostate is verified precision within 3%. effectiveness of In-vivo dosimetry is confirmed from a phantom which is produced by a 3D printer. In-vivo dosimetry is evaluated entirely less than 5% considering precision of MOSFET. Therefore, This study is confirmed the usefulness of a 3D printed phantom for in-vivo dosimetry of a prostate cancer patient. It is necessary to additional phantom production by a 3D printer and In-vivo dosimetry for other organs of patient.

VDT작업별 정신사회적 스트레스와 근골격계 장애에 관한 연구

백남종,강종두,주영수,배인근,권호장,박종만,조수헌,김돈규,김재용,최홍렬 大韓産業醫學會 1998 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.10 No.4

It has been hypothesized that jobs that have both high psychological demands and low decision latitude("job strain") can lead to musculoskeletal disorder. The objective of this study was to test whether job strain was correlated with the presence of work-related musculoskeletal disorder, especially myofascial pain syndrome(MPS). Information on demographic factors, confounders such as household load and taking care of children or not, and scores for decision latitude, job demand, and social support was obtained by self-administered questionnaire, which had been developed in Korean language, by adopting NIOSH instrument and Extended Karasek Model(16 items). All subjects were also examined by rehabilitation medicine specialists for musculoskeletal disorders. Subjects(n=370) could be categorized into 4 groups, these were, housewives(n=89), shipyard CAD workers(n=89), general female workers(n=79; nurses, insurance counselors, public officials, clerks, etc), and telephone directory assistance operators(n=113). Results from univariate analyses indicated that all demographic factors, all confounders, scores for decision latitude and social support were not associated with the risk of musculoskeletal disorder. However, score for job demand was higher in musculoskeletal disorder cases than others. In subgroup analysis, this association was convinced again, in telephone directory assistance operators. Job strain model showed that the group of telephone directory assistance operators was high-stain group, and OR of musculo skeletal disorder was 2.446(95% C. I. : 1.174, 5.096), when comparing this with the low strain group. In conclusion, job strain is a risk factor for work-related musculoskeletal disorder.

英國의 行政救濟制度

白鍾仁 全州大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

Outstanding characteristics common to all the modern administrative states are the expansion of executive power and the crisis of legalism. Accordingly in the course of being exercised the executive power which has been diversed and strengthened, administrative law in the modern administrative states should solve how to adjust a conflict of interests between nation and civil, how to do judicial review of administrative action's rights against the acts of maladministration. By the way, while traditionally administrative law of Continetal System had defended the privileged position of administration and made the justification for exercising such an adminitrative power, that of Anglo-American System had emerged in order to meet the social problems generated in the course of development of liberalism and capitalism. Therefore, considering the reality of contemporary administrative states orienting substantial legalism, we think that the latter will become the object of our stronger concern than the former. Moreover, because it can be said that English law is the system of various remedies as a whole, and the development of English administrative law depends on that of remedies, that is still more true. And so, in this paper, administrative remedies of English law are stvdied. This paper is divided as follows : Chap. Ⅰ. Introduction Chap. Ⅱ. Prerogative Remedies 1) General Charcteristics of Prerogative Remedy 2) Certiorari 3) Prohibition 4) Mandamus Chap. Ⅲ. Ordinary Remedies 1) Injunction 2) Declaration Chap. Ⅳ. Conclusion.

이동물체의 기하학적 특성에 기인한 움직임 정보 추출

박인전,오미숙,백경주,정영철,김신규,박종안 조선대학교 전자정보통신연구소 2002 電子情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.5 No.1

In this paper, we have proposed an effective moving objects tracking method based on the motion information in the video sequence. First, we extract the moving objects using the processes of morphological dilation and differential image in the video sequence and then we extract the motion information utilizing the location and orientation of the moving objects in the subsequent images. The motion information is extracted using various statistical measurements, extracting the high-level features from the regions of pixels in the images. The measurements, such a s area, length, perimeter, orientation, elongation, compactness, moments of inertia, are used as the statistical and geometrical descriptors. The principle axes of an object on this features gives the local direction of the object, while the center of gravity gives the center position of the object. The angle between two principal axes of the moving objects in the consecutive images gives the geometrical direction of the moving object, while the displacement of the center of gravity, gives the distance covered by the moving objects. So we have extracted the global motion information using the principal axes and center of gravity. The simulation results on the test images are very good, where either the motion is very slow, or the frame rate is very high.

英國의 行政救濟制度 : 大權的 救濟制度를 中心으로 Stressing on the Prerogative Remedies

白種仁 전북대학교 법학연구소 1985 法學硏究 Vol.12 No.-

Outstanding characteristics common to all the modern administrative states are the expansion of executive power and the crisis of legalism. Accordirgly in the course of being exercised the executive power which has become diversed and strengthened,administrative law in modern administrative states should solve how to adjust a conflict of interests between nation and civil, how to do judicial review of administrative action, or how to serve faithfully the remedy of civil's rights against the acts of maladministration. By the way, while traditionally administrative law of, Continental System had defended the privileged position of administration and made the justification for exercising such an administrative power, that of Anglo- American System had emerged in the process of solving the social problems generated in the coarse of development of liberalism and capitalism. Therefore, thinking of reality of contemporary administratives states orienting substantial legalism, we think that the latter will become the object of our stronger concern than the former. Moreover, because it can be said that Enlglish law is the system of various remedies as a whole, and the developnent of English administrative law depends on that of remedies, that is still more true. Accordingly, in this paper, administrative remedies of English law are studied stressing on the prerogative remedies. This paper is divided as follows ; Chap. Ⅰ) Introduction Chap. Ⅱ) Administrative Remedies of English Law. 1) The System of Remedy 2) Characterists of the System of Remedy Chap. Ⅲ) Prerogative Remedies 1) Certiorari 2) Prohibition 3) Mandamus 4) Defects of Prerogative Remedies Chap. Ⅳ) Reforms of the Law of Remedies 1) Discussion on the Reform 2) General Contents of the Reforms of the Law of Remedies Chap. Ⅴ) Conclusion.

안전문화 평가방안 연구

홍인기 ( In Gie Hong ),백종배 ( Jong Bae Baek ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2016 한국안전학회지 Vol.31 No.1

The purpose of this study is to identify issues for an effective safety culture assessment by conducting a case study of an electronics manufacturing plant in Korea. Cooper’s safety culture model was used as the assessment method, and Fleming and Hudson’s safety culture maturity models were applied as assessment criteria. The results of the safety culture assessment showed that there needs to be a design optimized for study purposes. For example, the correlation between the questionnaire survey and in-depth interview needs to be analyzed. The result of the behavior monitoring should show the relationships with other dimensions. A safety culture maturity model has to be developed to customize the study factors and questions.

강화 특화작목 지표물질의 함량 분석

유종수,방면호,정해곤,정태숙,최명숙,이경태,김세영,백남인 경희대학교식량자원개발연구소 2007 硏究論文集 Vol.26 No.1

강화 특화작목의 건강기능성 식품 제품화의 가능성을 타진하고 재배작물의 표준화 연구를 위해 사자발쑥, 싸주아리쑥 그리고 순무에 대해 총 폴리페놀과 총 플라보노이드 함량을 측정하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 사자발쑥이 9.5mg/g, 싸주아리쑥이 7.4mg/g, 순무가 1.8mg/g으로 총 플라보노이드 함량은 사자발쑥이 4.3mg/g, 싸주아리쑥이 3.6mg/g, 순무가 0.4mg/g으로 확인 되었다. 또한 강화 약쑥의 유효지표성분인 eupatilin과 jaceosidin이 사자발쑥에는 각각 208mg/100g, 118mg/100g, 싸주아리쑥에는 199mg/100g, 111mg/100g 함유된 것을 HPLC를 통해 확인하였다. This study was conducted to investigate the contents of total polyphenol and total flavonoid of three Ganghwa indigenous crops, two varieties of Artemisia princeps Pampanini (Sajabalssuk, Sajuarissuk) and Brassica campestris ssp rapa. Total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents of Sajabalssuk were 9.5 and 4.3 mg/g, those of Sajuarissuk were 7.4 and 3.6 mg/g, those of B. campestris ssp rapa were 1.8 and 0.4 mg/g, respectively. The contents of eupatilin and jaceosidin in A. princeps Pampanini which were calculated by HPLC, were determined 208 mg/100g, 118 mg/100g in Sajabalssuk and 199 mg/100g, 111 mg/100g in Sajuarissuk, respectively.

일부 조선업 근로자의 직업성 요통 발생실태 및 위험요인에 관한 연구

고상백,김형식,최홍렬,김지희,송인혁,박준한,박종구,장세진,차봉석 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.1

목적 : 이 연구에서는 한 사업장의 동일한 코호트내에서 직업성 요통의 발생 및 발생원인에 대해 조사하고자 하였다. 방법 : 연구대상은 1995년 12월 현재 한 조선업체에 종사하는 근로자 중에서 1995년 12월 31일 까지 요통이 이미 발생한 근로자와 1995년 당시 검진 미수검자를 제외한 9,784명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 요통 발생군은 1996년부터 1998년까지 3년간 추적 관찰하여 요통으로 4일 이상 통원 또는 입원치료를 받은 근로자로 하였다. 발생률은 요통발생 당시 연도를 기준으로 하여 해당 연도의 4일 이상 신규치료를 받은 중등도 이상의 요통근로자를 분자로 하였고, 해당년도 사업장의 종사하는 근로자 총수(과거 요통자 제외)를 분모로 간주하였다. 요통 발생군은 외상성 요통과 직업관련성 요통으로 대별하였으며, 위험요인과 질병 발생간의 관련성을 보기 위한 Cox모형에서 그 위험도를 파악하고자 할 때에는 직업성 요통만을 환자군으로 선정하였다. 결과 및 결론 . 요통 발생률은 근로자 천명당 1998년 3.1명, 1997년 8.8명, 1996년 7.8명이었다. 요통점유율의 범위는 10.99∼25.66이었다. 연령별 요통 발생률은 30대, 40대에서 높은 발생률을 보였다. 진단명에 따른 발생률은 추간판 탈출증, 염좌, 척추골절, 척추분리증, 척추협착증 순이었다 직업성 요통 발생자들의 직업적 요인을 알아보기 위하여 요통 발생 당시 작업형태를 알아본 결과, 물건을 들다가 66명(35.3%)이 발생하여 가장 큰 빈도를 차지하였고, 물건을 옮기는 과정에서 19명(10.2%)이 발생하여 2위를 차지하였고, 넘어지거나(8.6%), 물건을 당기는 자세(8.0%), 값자기 일어서다(7.5%) 순으로 요통이 발생하였다. 직업성 요통에 영향을 주는 일반적 특성 및 직업적 특성에 판한 상대위험도 및 95% 신뢰구간를 구한 결과, 요통발생에 영향을 주는 유의한 변수로는 체질량 지수(비만도), 교대여부, 중량물 취급여부였다. Objectives : This study was conducted to estimate the incidence rate, and to identify the risk factors for the occupational low back pain among shipyard workers. Methods : The study subjects consisted of 9,784 workers who were employed in a ship-building industry (excluded workers who had a history of low pack pain before 1995 or did not take periodic health examination in 1995) . The cases were 220 people who experienced back pain from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 1998. To assess risk factors for occupational low back pain, Cox propotional hazard model was used. Results : During the recent three years from 1996 to 1998, the incidence rate per 1,000 persons was 7.8 in 1996, 8.8 in 1997, and 3.1 in 1998. The main causes of work-related low back pawn were sprain, strain and disc herniation. Lifting was the most common cause of back pain (35.3%) , and carrying (10.2%) and pulling (8.0%) were followed. In Cox proportional harzard model, independent risk factors for back pain were body mass index(R.R. ; 1.54, 95% C.1. : 1.06-2.25), shift work(R.R. ; 1.65, 95% C.1. : 1.19-2.28), and lifting heavy material(R. R., 3.95, 95% C.1. : 2.29-6.82). Conclusions . This study suggests that the risk factors of back pawn In shipyard work-ers were body mass index, shift work and lifting.

土地公槪念實現을 위한 法律에 관한 硏究

許永敏,白種仁,李東燦 전북대학교 법학연구소 1992 法學硏究 Vol.19 No.-

Das Grundstu¨ck, das man nicht produzieren kann und absoluter Bestandteil fu¨r Existenz der Menschen ist, hatte far die letzten 10 Jahre durch die unproduktive Spekulation ernstes Sozialproblem verursacht, weil der aus Grundstu¨ck erzeugte Gewinn viel mehr als die produktive Wirtschaftsta¨tigkeit war. Also benutzte ein Teil der Klasse das als Mittel der Vermbgensvermehrung. Auch das hat sich als die gesundes Produktivbewuβtsein hindernde Elemente gewirkt. Daher hat sich das vo¨lkische Bewuβtesein zum Einkommen aus Kapital-vermo¨gen vergro¨βeert und die Staatswirtschaft beschwert. Inzwischen hat die Regierung viele Gesetze zum Grundstu¨ck gegeben und tata¨chlich guten Erfolg gebracht. Aber die Regierung hat das Problem, d.h. das Einkommen aus Kapitalvermo¨gen mit dem Grundstu¨ck, durch die schon bestehenden Gesetsze gru¨ndlich nicht lo¨sen kbnnen. Daher wurden die starken Gesetze zun Grundstu¨ck gefordert. In dieser Arbeit werden der neu festgesetzte Inhalt der Gesetze und dessen rechtstheoretisches und inkraf tsetzendes Problem untersuccht. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit lauten : Ich meine, diese Gesetze sprechen rechtstheoretisch dem Grundgesetz nicht wider. Aber diese Gesetze haben die wesentlichen Probleme, die bei der Rechtsdurchfu¨hrung verursacht werden ko¨nnen und die Regierung lo¨sen muβ. 1. Die Regierung muβ den bffentlichen Wert des Grundstu¨cks resolut verwirklichen und dann kann die Regierung den Zwedc der Gesetzgebung erreichen. 2. Ich meine, Die Regierung muβ die Obergrenze der Fla¨che, die laufenden Dreitypen in Beziehung zum offentlichen Wert des Grundstu¨cks setzend, klassifizieren. 3. Steuersatz ist zu hoch, Steuer ist dualistisch, also uneffizient. 4. Die Regierung muβ eine objektive, gerechte Haltung zur Steuereinkassierung einnehmen. Auβerdem meine ich, die Regierung soll den Gru¨ngtu¨rtel mit Grundstu¨ckfonds, in Beziehung zum Angebot der mangelnden Fla¨che, zum angemessenen Preis einkaufen.