구급차의 종류 및 주행속도에 따른 흉부압박법의 성공률에 대한 연구

임경수,인요한,황성오 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Chest compressions performed in a controlled environment can generate adequate coronary perfusion pressure, but compression is frequently inadequate even when CPR is performed under optimal circumstances, In Korea the average highway of road is narrow and curved more than in other countries, and the back-space in ambulance of Korea is limited to perform CPR. As a result, the CPR in a moving ambulance is no effective in Korea. We studied the effectiveness of chest compression in a moving ambulance by the use of a CPR manikin(Skillmeter Resusci Annie, Laerdal company). The ambulance was driven without a warming siren with obeying all the traffic signals and rules. Eight emergency physicians performed a total of 8 sessions of 2 minutes of continuous chest compression on the manikin in the ambulance(Van-type). They did the same thing in truck-type ambulance. We compared the results between small ambulance(Van type) and large ambulance(Truck type). To compare the effectiveness of manual and mechanical cardiac massage, the mechanical cardiac resuscitator(Thumper: Michigan company) was used. The success rate of manual CPR in a constant speed was not different between the Van-type ambulance and Truck-type ambulance(p>0.05), but mean percentage of correct compression by mechanical chest compressor showed 100%(p=0.004). The success rate of manual CPR in driving at downtown was 67.4± 15.7 in Van-type ambulance, but that was 93.4 ± 5.2 in Truck-type ambulance(p=0.007). These results demonstrate that the performance of manual chest compression in a moving ambulance(Van type) is suboptimal. As the patient care area in the Van-type ambulance is much more spacious than that of the Truck-type ambulance, the diminution of compression efficacy in the smaller ambulance is consistent with the assumption that space is the most important factor in the ability to perform adequate CPR in a moving ambulance. Although the results were good in a truck-type ambulance, chest compression was performed for only 2 minutes. It is difficult for one person to deliver manual chest compression in a moving ambulance for a long period. Mechanical chest compression may be employed where manual compression is technically difficult to perform.

Electroded avalanche amorphous selenium (a-Se) photosensor

Oleksandr Bubon,Giovanni DeCrescenzo,Wei Zhao,Yuji Ohkawa,Kazunori Miyakawa,Tomoki Matsubara,Kenji Kikuchi,Kenkichi Tanioka,Misao Kubota,John A. Rowlands,Alla Reznik 한국물리학회 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.3

Although avalanche amorphous selenium (a-Se) is a very promising photoconductor for a variety of imaging applications, it is currently restricted to applications with electron beam readout in vacuum pick-up tube called a High-gain Avalanche Rushing Photoconductor (HARP). The electron beam readout is compatible with high definition television (HDTV) applications, but for use in solid-state medical imaging devices it should be replaced by an electronic readout with a two-dimensional array of metal pixel electrodes. However, due to the high electric field required for avalanche multiplication, it is a technological challenge to avoid possible dielectric breakdown at the edges, where electric field experiences local enhancement. It has been shown recently that this problem can be overcome by the use of a Resistive Interface Layer (RIL) deposited between a-Se and the metal electrode, however, at that time, at a sacrifice in transport properties. Here we show that optimization of RIL deposition technique allows for electroded avalanche a-Se with transport properties and time performance previously not achievable with any other a-Se structures. We have demonstrated this by detailed analysis of transport properties performed by Time-of-Flight (TOF)technique. Our results showed that a stable gain of 200 is reached at 104 V/mm for a 15-mm thick a-Se layer, which is the maximum theoretical gain for this thickness. We conclude that RIL is an enabling technology for practical implementation of solid-state avalanche a-Se image sensors. Although avalanche amorphous selenium (a-Se) is a very promising photoconductor for a variety of imaging applications, it is currently restricted to applications with electron beam readout in vacuum pick-up tube called a High-gain Avalanche Rushing Photoconductor (HARP). The electron beam readout is compatible with high definition television (HDTV) applications, but for use in solid-state medical imaging devices it should be replaced by an electronic readout with a two-dimensional array of metal pixel electrodes. However, due to the high electric field required for avalanche multiplication, it is a technological challenge to avoid possible dielectric breakdown at the edges, where electric field experiences local enhancement. It has been shown recently that this problem can be overcome by the use of a Resistive Interface Layer (RIL) deposited between a-Se and the metal electrode, however, at that time, at a sacrifice in transport properties. Here we show that optimization of RIL deposition technique allows for electroded avalanche a-Se with transport properties and time performance previously not achievable with any other a-Se structures. We have demonstrated this by detailed analysis of transport properties performed by Time-of-Flight (TOF)technique. Our results showed that a stable gain of 200 is reached at 104 V/mm for a 15-mm thick a-Se layer, which is the maximum theoretical gain for this thickness. We conclude that RIL is an enabling technology for practical implementation of solid-state avalanche a-Se image sensors.

Photocatalytic abatement of phenol on amorphous TiO2-BiOBr-bentonite heterostructures under visible light irradiation

Menelisi C. Dlamini,Mbongiseni L. Dlamini,Pumza Mente,Boitumelo Tlhaole,Rudolph Erasmus,Manoko S. Maubane-Nkadimeng,John A. Moma 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.111 No.-

A simplistic solvothermal process to fabricate novel amorphous TiO2-BiOBr-Bentonite (A-TiO2-BiOBr-Bt)multidimensional photocatalysts in this work is a practical and economically feasible technique for thefabrication of the reported photocatalysts as it is a one-pot process. The stickiness of the A-TiO2-BiOBr-Bt wet cake and the low drying temperature make A-TiO2-BiOBr-Bt a feasible platform compositefor the fabrication of the photoreactive inner coating of water treatment containers for photocatalytictreatment of drinking water. The A-TiO2-BiOBr-Bt photocatalyst with an A-TiO2:BiOBr:Bt mass ratio of1:1:2 (Ti1Bi1Bt2) displayed the highest BET surface area of 124.8 m2/g, a low bandgap of 2.86 eV, and sufficientlylow electron-hole recombination rate. The high number of A-TiO2-BiOBr p-n heterojunctions,and the Ti-O-Si and Bi-O-Si bonds between A-TiO2-BiOBr and Bt in Ti1Bi1Bt2 lowered its electron-holerecombination rate with enhanced visible light-harvesting ability. Within 70 min of visible light irradiation,150 mg of Ti1Bi1Bt2 gave 100% conversion of 100 mL of 20 ppm phenol with a pseudo-first-order rateconstant of 0.0322 min1 at pH 4.0. Scavenging experiments showed superoxide radicals (O2) and electrons(e) being the most dominant reactive oxidation species (ROS) responsible for the phenol photodegradationprocess while holes (h+) and hydroxyl radicals (OH) also exerted appreciableparticipation.

Reduction of hydroxytetrahydrofuranofurans catalyzed by crude and Partially purified extracts from Aspergillus parasiticus

Cho, Sung Hwan,Anderson, John A. 慶尙大學校 기초과학연구소 1989 基礎科學硏究所報 Vol.5 No.-

Aspergillus parasiticus 균체로부터 추출한 효소에 의하여 versicolorin A hemiacetal(VAOH), hydroxydihydrosterigmatocystin(HOST) 및 aflatoxin G_2a(AFG_2a)는 각각 versicolorin C(VC), dihydrosterigmatocystin(DHST), 및 aflatoxin G_2(AFG_2)로 전환되었고, 이 반응에는 NADPH 및 NADH가 요구되었으며 NADPH의 VAOH산화비율은 0.43 n mol/min/mg이었다. ammonium sulfate 35-70% 포화용액 침전물의 0.1-1.0 M KCl DEAE column 분획효소는 AFG_2a 및 VAOH의 환원반응을 촉진했으며 작용기질은 균체외 효소반응으로 개환형의 극성화합물을 거쳐 산성용액중에서 최종 효소 반응 산물인 VC, DHST, AFG_2로 전환되었다. 이 환원 효소 활성은 Aspergillus Parasiticus 배양액 중에 tetrahydrofuranofurans의 형성을 촉진함을 알 수 있었다. Versicolorin A hemiacetal(VAOH), hydroxydihydrosterigmatocystin(HOST), and aflatoxin G_2a(AFG_2a), were converted to versicolorinC(VC), dihydrosterigmatocystin(DHST), and AFG_2 in crude extracts and partially purified preparations from Aspergillus parasiticus. NADPH or NADH was required. The rate of VAOH-dependent oxidation of NADPH was 0.43 nmol/min/mg. The 35-70% ammonium sulfate and 0.1-1.0 M KCl DEAE column fractions catalyzed the reduction of AFG_2a and VAOH. The substrates were reduced in the cell-free systems to a polar compound, proposed to be the open chain form. The polar compound was converted to the final product(VC, DHST, AFG_2) in acidic solution. With VAOH as substrate, substantial amounts of VC were formed in the cell-free systems without the addition of acid. The reductase activity may e involved in the formation of tetrahydrofuranofurans in cultures of A. parasiticus. Nonenzymatic conversion of VAOH to VA, Host to ST and AFG_2a to AFG_1 occurred in the cell-free system.

[Corrigendum]On the genus Rhodella, the emended orders Dixoniellales and Rhodellales with a new order Glaucosphaerales (Rhodellophyceae, Rhodophyta) (26: 277-288)

John A. West 한국조류학회I 2012 ALGAE Vol.27 No.1

The order Glaucosphaerales proposed by E. C. Yang, J. L. Scott, S. Y. Yoon and J. A. West required a Latin diagnosis as it was published in 2011, prior to the new rules adopted by the International Congress at Melbourne in August 2011. From January 1, 2012, taxa are validly published when a Latin or an English description or diagnosis is provided (Knapp et al. 2011). Thus, the English description below is intended to validate the name Glaucosphaerales. Typification of the order is also a requirement of the Code.

Correction: Electrochemical and electrocatalytic reaction characteristics of boron-incorporated graphene <i>via</i> a simple spin-on dopant process

Jang, A.-Rang,Lee, Young-Woo,Lee, Sang-Seok,Hong, John,Beak, Seong-Ho,Pak, Sangyeon,Lee, Juwon,Shin, Hyeon Suk,Ahn, Docheon,Hong, Woong-Ki,Cha, SeungNam,Sohn, Jung Inn,Park, Il-Kyu The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.6 No.17

<P>Correction for ‘Electrochemical and electrocatalytic reaction characteristics of boron-incorporated graphene <I>via</I> a simple spin-on dopant process’ by A-Rang Jang <I>et al.</I>, <I>J. Mater. Chem. A</I>, 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c7ta09517a.</P>

Effect of building volume and opening size on fluctuating internal pressures

Ginger, John D.,Holmes, John D.,Kopp, Gregory A. Techno-Press 2008 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.11 No.5

This paper considers internal pressure fluctuations for a range of building volumes and dominant wall opening areas. The study recognizes that the air flow in and out of the dominant opening in the envelope generates Helmholtz resonance, which can amplify the internal pressure fluctuations compared to the external pressure, at the opening. Numerical methods were used to estimate fluctuating standard deviation and peak (i.e. design) internal pressures from full-scale measured external pressures. The ratios of standard deviation and peak internal pressures to the external pressures at a dominant windward wall opening of area, AW are presented in terms of the non-dimensional opening size to volume parameter, $S^*=(a_s/\bar{U}_h)^2(A_W^{3/2}/V_{Ie})$ where $a_s$ is the speed of sound, $\bar{U}_h$ is the mean wind speed at the top of the building and $V_{Ie}$ is the effective internal volume. The standard deviation of internal pressure exceeds the external pressures at the opening, for $S^*$ greater than about 0.75, showing increasing amplification with increasing $S^*$. The peak internal pressure can be expected to exceed the peak external pressure at the opening by 10% to 50%, for $S^*$ greater than about 5. A dominant leeward wall opening also produces similar fluctuating internal pressure characteristics.

<i>Olpidiopsis</i> sp., an oomycete from Madagascar that infects <i>Bostrychia</i> and other red algae: Host species susceptibility

West, John A.,Klochkova, Tatyana A.,Kim, Gwang Hoon,Loiseaux-de Goë,r, Susan Blackwell Publishing Asia 2006 Phycological research Vol.54 No.1

<P>SUMMARY</P><P><I>Olpidiopsis</I> sp. (Oomycota) was cultured with its original host <I>Bostrychia moritziana</I> (Sonder ex Kützing) J. Agardh from Madagascar. Bean-shaped zoospores with two heterokont flagella attached to the host cell wall surface and in 2 days host cells began collapsing and one or more syncytia developed in each infected cell. Zoospores were cleaved and an exit tube with a small plug was formed. Complete development and zoospore discharge occurred in 3 days. Infection occurred in cells of polysiphonous branches, monosiphonous branches, rhizoids and reproductive stichidia. Dead cells of plants treated with microwave were not infected. Susceptibility was variable in other <I>Bostrychia</I> species from different countries. <I>Bostrychia moritziana</I> (Sonder ex Kützing) J. Agardh<I>,</I> and <I>Bostrychia radicans</I> (Montagne) Montagne from Madagascar were susceptible but one <I>Bostrychia tenella</I> (J. V. Lamouroux) J. Agardh isolate from Madagascar was susceptible and two were not. <I>B. radicosa</I> (Itono) J. A. West, G. C. Zuccarello et M. Hommersand isolates from Madagascar, Thailand, Australia and New Caledonia were susceptible but an isolate from Malaysia was not. <I>B. radicans</I> isolates from Mexico and Brazil were non-susceptible as were <I>Bostrychia flagellifera</I> Post, <I>Bostrychia harveyi</I> Montagne, <I>Bostrychia montagnei</I> Harvey, <I>Bostrychia simpliciuscula</I> Harvey ex J. Agardh<I>, Bostrychia tenuissima</I> R. J. King et Puttock<I>, Stictosiphonia intricata</I>(Bory de Saint-Vincent) P. C. Silva, <I>Stictosiphonia kelanensis</I> (Grunow) R. J. King et Puttock and <I>Stictosiphonia tangatensis</I> (Post) R. J. King et Puttock, <I>Lophosiphonia</I> sp., <I>Neosiphonia</I> sp. and <I>Polysiphonia</I> spp. isolates were also non-susceptible. Many non-susceptible strains showed initial cell-collapse followed by rapid wound-repair cell formation without syncytia or sporangia developing. <I>Caloglossa leprieurii</I> (Montagne) G. Martens from Madagascar showed cell-collapse and wound-repair in periaxial cells, but wing cells died and became purple without wound-repair. <I>Caloglossa ogasawaraensis</I> Okamura and <I>Caloglossa postiae</I> M. Kamiya et R. J. King had no symptoms of infection. <I>Dasysiphonia chejuensis</I> I. K. Lee et J. A. West was not infected. Surprisingly, the conchocelis phase but not the blade phase of <I>Porphyra pulchella</I> J. A.West, G. C. Zuccarello and <I>Porphyra suborbiculata</I> Kjellman was infected. The conchocelis of <I>Porphyra tenera</I> Kjellman and <I>Porphyra linearis</I> Greville were infected but no blade stages were tested. <I>Porphyra miniata</I> (C. Agardh) C. Agardh and <I>Porphyra dentata</I> Kjellman conchocelis were not infected. <I>Bangia atropurpurea</I> (Roth) C. Agardh gametophyte filaments were not infected. Other red, brown and green algae were not infected. Time lapse videomicroscopy of development and spore release was done.</P>

Fungal Diversity and Enzyme Activity Associated with the Macroalgae, Agarum clathratum

( Seobihn Lee ),( Myung Soo Park ),( Hanbyul Lee ),( Jae-jin Kim ),( John A. Eimes ),( Young Woon Lim ) 한국균학회 2019 Mycobiology Vol.47 No.1

Agarum clathratum, a brown macroalgae species, has recently become a serious environmental problem on the coasts of Korea. In an effort to solve this problem, fungal diversity associated with decaying A. clathratum was investigated and related b-glucosidase and endoglucanase activities were described. A total of 233 fungal strains were isolated from A. clathratum at 15 sites and identified 89 species based on morphology and a multigene analysis using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and protein-coding genes including actin (act), b-tubulin (benA), calmodulin (CaM), and translation elongation factor (tef1). Acremonium, Corollospora, and Penicillium were the dominant genera, and Acremonium fuci and Corollospora gracilis were the dominant species. Fifty-one species exhibited cellulase activity, with A. fuci, Alfaria terrestris, Hypoxylon perforatum, P. madriti, and Pleosporales sp. Five showing the highest enzyme activities. Further enzyme quantification confirmed that these species had higher cellulase activity than P. crysogenum, a fungal species described in previous studies. This study lays the groundwork for bioremediation using fungi to remove decaying seaweed from populated areas and provides important background for potential industrial applications of environmentally friendly processes.

Microwave-driven coherent operation of a semiconductor quantum dot charge qubit.

Kim, Dohun,Ward, D R,Simmons, C B,Gamble, John King,Blume-Kohout, Robin,Nielsen, Erik,Savage, D E,Lagally, M G,Friesen, Mark,Coppersmith, S N,Eriksson, M A Nature Pub. Group 2015 Nature nanotechnology Vol.10 No.3

<P>An intuitive realization of a qubit is an electron charge at two well-defined positions of a double quantum dot. This qubit is simple and has the potential for high-speed operation because of its strong coupling to electric fields. However, charge noise also couples strongly to this qubit, resulting in rapid dephasing at all but one special operating point called the 'sweet spot'. In previous studies d.c. voltage pulses have been used to manipulate semiconductor charge qubits but did not achieve high-fidelity control, because d.c. gating requires excursions away from the sweet spot. Here, by using resonant a.c. microwave driving we achieve fast (greater than gigahertz) and universal single qubit rotations of a semiconductor charge qubit. The Z-axis rotations of the qubit are well protected at the sweet spot, and we demonstrate the same protection for rotations about arbitrary axes in the X-Y plane of the qubit Bloch sphere. We characterize the qubit operation using two tomographic approaches: standard process tomography and gate set tomography. Both methods consistently yield process fidelities greater than 86% with respect to a universal set of unitary single-qubit operations.</P>