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Primo Vascular System Floating in Lymph Ducts of Rats
JUNG SHARON JIYOON,배경희,남민호,권희민,송윤규,소광섭 사단법인약침학회 2013 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.6 No.6
An epoch-making development in the gross anatomy of the lymph system has emerged: the observation of the primo vascular system (PVS), which is a threadlike structure floating in lymph ducts. The PVS, which was proposed as the conduit for the acupuncture Qi, is a complex network distributed throughout an animal's body. The lymph-PVS, which is a subsystem of the PVS, is one of the most convincing visual demonstrations of the PVS. Because its existence is not easily demonstrated, even with a microscope, due to its transparency, in current anatomy its existence is largely unknown despite its potential significance in physiology and medicine. The lymph-PVS has been observed in rabbits, rats, and mice by several independent teams. Because the involved techniques are rather complicated, we provide detailed protocols for surgery, for injection of the staining dye, and for detection, extraction, and identification of the PVS in a rat.
Jiyoon Jung,Hyemin Kim,Jinyoung Park,Jewan Kaiser Hwang 대한의학레이저학회 2022 MEDICAL LASERS Vol.11 No.4
Background and Objectives: A novel multipulse mode has been developed for the Q-switched 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser (Q-NYL) which may help prevent rebound pigmentation after laser toning for melasma. The present study compared the depigmentation efficacy and latency of single pulse and multipulse modes over a range of fluences using the zebrafish model.Materials and Methods: Ninety zebrafish were equally allocated to 9 groups to compare a Q-NYL single pulse mode (QS) using a 7 mm collimated handpiece with double- (PTP), triple- (Q3) and quadruple- (Q4) pulse modes over a range of fluences. Timing and degree of repigmentation were analyzed at the 14- and 49-day post-treatment assessments in each group using light microscopy-captured microphotography with image analysis and a Student’s t-test.Results: There was an attrition rate of around 1 zebrafish per group per assessment, leaving a minimum of 3 animals per group for the final assessment. All zebrafish showed significant pigment removal at the 2-week assessment (p < 0.01 to < 0.0001). However, the best result among all groups with a significantly longer pigment-free latency period at the 7-week assessment was obtained in the Q4 4 × 0.3 J/cm2/micropulse group, delivering the equivalent in the skin of 1.2 J/cm2 (p < 0.0001 at 2 weeks, p < 0.01 at 7 weeks).Conclusion: The quadruple pulse mode of Q-NYL laser toning demonstrated effective, safe and long-term repigmentation-free efficacy in the zebrafish model, suggesting potential translation to controlled and double-blind studies on melasma in human patients.
Jung, Jiyoon The Costume Culture Association 2003 Fashion, industry and education Vol.6 No.1
Agricultural drainage salt generated during irrigation of crops in San Joaquin Valley, California, exceeds 600,000 tons annually and cumulates in the field in a rapid rate. As a result, the waste is taking out more farmlands for salt storage and disposal, imposting serious concerns to environment and local agricultural industry. In searching for a potential solution to reduce or eliminate the waste, this research explored feasibility of producing a value-added product, sodium sulfate, from the waste and utilizing the product in textile dyeing. The results indicated that sodium sulfate could be produced from the salt and could be purified by a recrystallization method in a temperature range within the highest and lowest daily temperatures in summer in the valley. The recovered sodium sulfate samples, with purities ranging from 67% to 99.91, were compared with commercially available sodium sulfate in the dyeing of levelling dyes. In nylon fabrics, the salt samples had little color difference in the dyeing with C.I. Acid Yellow 23 and C.I. Acid Blue 158. All salt samples' gray scale was 5 grade. In wool fabrics, the salt samples had little color difference in dyeing with C.I. Acid Yellow 23 and C.I. Acid Blue 158. All salt samples' gray scale was 5 grade. Generally, the dyeing of levelling dyes using recovered salts from farm drainage had little color difference than the dyeing of levelling dyes using commercial sodium sulfate.
Ultrastructure of a Mobile Threadlike Tissue Floating in a Lymph Vessel
Jung, Sharon Jiyoon,Gil, HyunJi,Kim, Dong-Hyun,Kim, Hong-Lim,Kim, Sungchul,Soh, Kwang-Sup Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2016 No.-
<P>Observations of the primo vascular system (PVS) floating in lymph ducts were reported by various groups. There have been, however, no studies on the ultrastructure of the entire cross section of a primo vessel (PV) inside a lymph vessel with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). In the current study we took the TEM images of a cross section of the PV inside a lymph vessel. We used the Alcian blue staining method for the finding of the target PV in a lymphatic vessel by injecting the dye into the inguinal lymph nodes. The stained PV was harvested together with the lymph vessel and some parts of the specimens were used for studying with optical microscopes. Some other parts were treated according to a standard protocol for TEM. As the results the TEM study revealed the loosely distributed collagen fibers with plenty of empty spaces and the lumens with the endothelial nuclei. It turned out to be very similar to the ultrastructure of the PVs observed on the surfaces of internal organs. It also showed how compactly the PV is surrounded with lymphocytes. In conclusion, the detailed morphological features like the distribution of fibers in the PV were revealed and shown to be similar to another kind of the PV on the surfaces of internal organs.</P>
Protocol for the Observation of the Primo Vascular System in the Lymph Vessels of Rabbits
JUNG SHARON JIYOON,Kyoung-Hee Bae,Sang Yeon Cho,Sun Hee Hwang,이병천,김성철,권병세,Hee Min Kwon,송윤규,소광섭 사단법인약침학회 2012 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.5 No.5
Molecular-level understanding of the structure and the functions of the lymphatic system has greatly enhanced the importance of this second circulation system, especially in connection with cancer metastasis and inflammation. Recently, a third circulatory system, the primo vascular system (PVS) was found in various parts of an animal’s body, especially as threadlike structures floating in the lymphatic flow in lymph vessels. Although the medical significance of this emerging system will require much work in the future, at present, several important suggestions in connection with immune cells, stem cells, and cancer metastasis have already appeared. Experiments to observe the PVS in the lymph vessels near the caudal vena cava of rabbits and rats have been performed by several independent teams, but reproduction requires considerable skill and technical know-how. In this article, we provide a detailed protocol to detect the PVS inside the lymph vessels of a rabbit. Detection and isolation are the first steps in unraveling the physiological functions of the PVS, which awaits intensive research.
Combined Adenosquamous and Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Gallbladder
Jung, Jiyoon,Chae, Yang-Seok,Kim, Chul Hwan,Lee, Youngseok,Lee, Jeong Hyeon,Kim, Dong-Sik,Yu, Young-Dong,Kim, Joo Young 대한병리학회 2018 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.52 No.2
<P>Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the gallbladder is extremely rare and usually combined with other type of malignancy, mostly adenocarcinoma. We report an unusual case of combined adenosquamous carcinoma and LCNEC of the gallbladder in a 54-year-old woman. A radical cholecystectomy specimen revealed a 4.3×4.0 cm polypoid mass in the fundus with infiltration of adjacent liver parenchyma. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of two distinct components. Adenosquamous carcinoma was predominant and abrupt transition from adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma was observed. LCNEC showed round cells with large, vesicular nuclei, abundant mitotic figures, and occasional pseudorosette formation. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy. However, multiple liver metastases were identified at 3-month follow-up. Metastatic nodules were composed of LCNEC and squamous cell carcinoma components. Detecting LCNEC component is important in gallbladder cancer, because the tumor may require a different chemotherapy regimen and show early metastasis and poor prognosis.</P>
Visualization of the Primo Vascular System Afloat in a Lymph Duct
JUNG SHARON JIYOON,이승환,배경희,권희민,송윤규,소광섭 사단법인약침학회 2014 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.7 No.6
Because of the potential roles of the primo vascular system (PVS) in cancer metastasis, immune function, and regeneration, understanding the molecular biology of the PVS is desirable. The current state of PVS research is comparable to that of lymph research prior to the advent of Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1). There is very little knowledge of the molecular biology of the PVS due to difficulties in identifying and isolating primo endothelial cells. Present investigations rely on the morphology and the use of differential staining procedures to identify the PVS within tissues, making detailed molecular studies all but impossible. To overcome such difficulties, one may emulate the explosive development of lymph molecular biology. For this purpose, there is a need for a reliable method to obtain PVS specimens to initiate the molecular investi- gation. One of the most reliable methods is to detect the primo vessels and primo nodes afloat in the lymph flow. The protocols for observation of the PVS in the large lymph ducts in the abdominal cavity and the thoracic cavity were reported earlier. These methods require a laparectomy and skillful techniques. In this work, we present a protocol to iden- tify and harvest PVS specimens from the lymph ducts connecting the inguinal and the axil- lary nodes, which are located entirely in the skin. Thus, the PVS specimen is more easily obtainable. This method is a stepping-stone toward development of a system to monitor migration of cancer cells in metastasis from a breast tumor to the axillary nodes, where cancer cells use the PVS as a survival rope in hostile lymph flow.