Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy is Associated with in Situ Breast Cancer Risk

Ni, Xiao-Jian,Xia, Tian-Song,Zhao, Ying-Chun,Ma, Jing-Jing,Zhao, Jie,Liu, Xiao-An,Ding, Qiang,Zha, Xiao-Ming,Wang, Shui Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.8

Background: The relationship between postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) and invasive breast cancer has been extensively investigated, but that with breast carcinoma in situ (BCIS) has received relatively little attention. The aim of our present study was to review and summarize the evidence provided by longitudinal studies on the association between postmenopausal HT use and BCIS risk. Methods: A comprehensive literature search for articles published up to May 2012 was performed. Prior to performing a meta-analysis, the studies were evaluated for publication bias and heterogeneity. Relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) values were calculated using 14 reports (8 case-control studies and 6 cohort studies), published between 1986 and 2012. Results: There was evidence of an association between ever postmenopausal estrogen use and BCIS based on a random-effects model (RR = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01, 1.55). However, we found no strong evidence of an association between ever postmenopausal estrogen combined with progesterone use and BCIS using a randomeffects model (RR = 1.55, 95% CI = 0.95, 2.51). Furthermore, our analysis showed a strong association between "> 5 years duration" of estrogen or estrogen combined with progesterone use and BCIS. Furthermore, current use of any HT is associated with increased risk of BCIS in cohort studies. Additional well-designed large studies are now required to validate this association in different populations.

Alu Tandem Sequences Inhibit GFP Gene Expression by Triggering Chromatin Wrapping

Xiu Fang Wang,Xiao Yan Wang,Jing Liu,Jing Jing Feng,Wen Li Mu,Xiao Juan Shi,Qin Qing Yang,Xiao Cui Duan,Ying Xie,Zhan Jun Lu 한국유전학회 2009 Genes & Genomics Vol.31 No.3

Alu elements belonging to the short interspersed nuclear elements (SINE) of repetitive elements are present in more than one million copies which altogether represent 10% of the whole human genome. In this study, the roles of Alu tandem sequences in the process of GFP gene (GFP) expression and packing into chromatin of its DNA were studied. To detect the effect of Alu repeats on gene expression, different copies of Alus were inserted GFP downstream respectively in pEGFP-C1 vector. We found that Alu sequences decreased the amount of GFP transcription, the percentage of GFP positive cells and the accessibility to DNase I in length-dependent manner. Inserting Alu caused the production of higher-molecular-mass RNA, indicating Alu sequence did not induce premature transcriptional termination. Tight packing chromatins keep silent and resist to DNase I digestion, which is a general phenomenon. We suggested that head and tail tandem Alu sequences suppressed GFP expression in length dependent manner by triggering chromatin packing.

Analysis of 12 Chinese Patients with Proline-to-Leucine Mutation at Codon 102-Associated Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Disease

Jing Wang,Kang Xiao,Wei Zhou,Qi Shi,Xiao-Ping Dong 대한신경과학회 2019 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.15 No.2

Background and Purpose Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS) with a prolineto- leucine mutation at codon 102 (P102L) in the PRNP gene is the most frequently reported GSS subtype worldwide. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological, clinical, genetic, and laboratory characteristics of 12 Chinese patients with P102L-associated GSS (henceforth P102L GSS). Methods The enrolled P102L GSS cases were analyzed according to the diagnostic criteria for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) issued by the China National Health Commission. Results The median onset age was 50 years (range 34 to 67 years) and sex ratio was 1:2 (males:females). Most patients displayed more than one foremost symptom. Movement symptoms were frequently reported (9 of the 12 cases), followed by rapidly progressing dementia (7 cases), mental problems (5 cases), and slowly progressing dementia (2 cases). Almost all cases displayed more sporadic CJD (sCJD)-associated neurological symptoms and signs as time progressed. Five (45.5%) of 11 cases were cerebrospinal fluid 14-3-3 positive, and 2 (25%) of 8 cases exhibited periodic sharp wave complexes in electroencephalograms. MRI abnormalities were detected in all 11 of the scanned patients. Methionine homozygous genotype at codon 129 (M129M) and glutamic acid homozygous at codon 219 (E219E) homozygosity was present in 11 cases, while 1 case was M129M homozygous and glutamic acid/lysine heterozygous at codon 219 (E219K) heterozygous. Ten of the 12 cases recalled a disease-related family history during the clinical interviews. The median survival from symptom onset of the seven dead cases was 16 months (range 10 to 44 months). Patients showing the sCJD phenotype (rapidly progressing dementia) appeared to be associated with a shorter survival time. Conclusions The indistinguishable clinical features of P102L GSS patients with sCJD, especially in the early stage, support the importance of PRNP testing for diagnosing GSS.

Droplet transient migration and dynamic force balance mechanism on vibration-controlled micro-texture surfaces

Jing Xu,Guodong Liu,Jiadi Lian,Jing Ni,Jing Xiao 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.11

In this paper, forced vibration was used to regulate the droplet migration, fully recording the transient migration of droplets on a micro-textured substrate under the resonance frequency by a high-speed camera. The influence of resonance frequency and dynamic migration characteristics of droplets on the solid micro-texture surface under lateral vibration were researched. The experiment demonstrates that the driving force is caused by the difference between the left and right contact angles made the droplet oscillate and migrate, and as time t increases, the left and right contact points are periodically shifted and the amplitude of migration increases. Therefore, based on the droplet migration behavior and its force balance mechanism, a spring vibration model of migration behavior of the vibrating droplet micro unit was set up to predict the complete trajectory of its migration on a solid surface. The calculation results show that the theoretical displacement is less than the experimental displacement, and the longer the time, the larger the difference. Affected by the vibration, part of the droplet permeates through the micro-texture, resulting in the droplet losing height and the contact angle becoming smaller as well. While the other part of droplet overcomes the internal surface tension to migrate.

Effect of SiCp size on wear behavior of SiCp/Cu matrix composite

Xiao-Jing Xu,Seock-Sam Kim,Young-Jun Jang,Dong-Woo Shin 한국트라이볼로지학회 2004 한국트라이볼로지학회 학술대회 Vol.38 No.-

SiC particulate reinforced copper (SiCp/Cu) matrix composites were fabricated by powder metallurgy, using SiCp of various grit sizes (a nominal diameter of 30㎚, 130㎚ and 14㎛, respectively) and micron Cu as the raw materials. The resulting composites specimens were hot extruded to get rid of the possible void and increase compactness. The friction and wear behaviors of various SiCp reinforced SiCp/Cu matrix composites sliding against a AISI5140 steel under the lubrication of 20<SUP>#</SUP> machinery oil were investigated on an MM-200 friction and wear tester in a block-on-ring configuration, using a pure copper fabricated by the above same manufacture method and a commercial bronze alloy (6.5-0.4 bronze) as a control. The microstructures and worn surface morphologies of the SiCp/Cu composites and the counterpart AISI5140 steel was observed on a scanning electron microscopy, while the elemental compositions on the worn surfaces of various SiCp/Cu matrix composites were determined by means of energy dispersive spectroscopy. As the results, the incorporation of the SiCp of various grit sizes contributed to increase the wear-resistance of the Cu-matrix materials considerably. The SiCp/Cu matrix composite reinforced with the SiCp of larger grit size showed better wear-resistance than that reinforced with the SiCp of smaller grit sizes. However, the SiCp/Cu matrix composite reinforced with larger SiCp lead to a more severe scuffing to the counterpart steel surface, which was characterized by more severe transfer and adhesion of the counterpart steel wear debris onto the SiCp/Cu matrix composites worn surface. Therefore, in terms of the comprehensive wear-resistance of the frictional pair, it was suggested to select the SiCp/Cu matrix composite reinforced with the SiCp size of 130㎚ to mate the AISI5140 steel.

Structural and Optical Properties of RF Magnetron Reactively Sputtered Ag2O Film

Xiao-Yong Gao,Jiao-Min Ma,Chao Chen,Meng-Ke Zhao,Jin-Hua Gu,Jing-Xiao Lu 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.60 No.5

A series of <111> oriented Ag2O films was deposited onto glass substrates by using RF magnetron reactive sputtering at different flow ratios (FRs) of oxygen to argon. The Ag2O film deposited at FR = 0.667 was the best <111> oriented film due to dual contributions from both lattice strain and film stress. The films’ transmissivity of over 70% in the near-infrared region indicated that Ag2O films are not suitable for applications as transparent conductive films in the visible region. Ag2O films deposited at FRs from 0.467 to 0.800 had optical band gaps ranging from 3.266 eV to 3.107 eV. The redshift in the films’ absorption edge may be attributed to the decrease in the lattice strain with increasing in FR. A series of <111> oriented Ag2O films was deposited onto glass substrates by using RF magnetron reactive sputtering at different flow ratios (FRs) of oxygen to argon. The Ag2O film deposited at FR = 0.667 was the best <111> oriented film due to dual contributions from both lattice strain and film stress. The films’ transmissivity of over 70% in the near-infrared region indicated that Ag2O films are not suitable for applications as transparent conductive films in the visible region. Ag2O films deposited at FRs from 0.467 to 0.800 had optical band gaps ranging from 3.266 eV to 3.107 eV. The redshift in the films’ absorption edge may be attributed to the decrease in the lattice strain with increasing in FR.

Effect of the Oxygen Flux Ratio on the Structural and the Optical Properties of Silver-oxide Films Deposited by Using the Direct-current Reactive Magnetron Sputtering Method

Xiao-Yong Gao,Hong-Liang Feng,Zeng-Yuan Zhang,Jiao-Min Ma,Meng-Ke Zhao,Chao Chen,Jin-Hua Gu,Shi-E Yang,Yong-Sheng Chen,Jing-Xiao Lu 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.58 No.2

Using values of the oxygen flux ratio (OFR = [O2]/[Ar]) ranging from 0 to 0.5, authors deposited a series of silver-oxide (Ag_xO) films on glass substrates by direct-current reactive magnetron sputtering (DC sputtering) at a substrate temperature of 150 ℃. The effect of the OFR on the film’s structural and optical properties was systematically investigated by using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and spectrophotometry. The Ag_xO films deposited clearly show an evolution of the film’s phase structure from the biphased (Ag + Ag_2O) structure to the biphased (AgO + Ag_2O) structure and then to the single-phased (Ag_2O) structure as value of the OFR increases. Accordingly, the film’s surface morphology, related to the film’s crystalline structure, clearly changes from a loose and porous surface structure to a compact surface structure and then to a pyramid-like surface structure with increasing value of the OFR. The novel porous structure may be attributed to the interruption of the silver’s growth course by the AgO on the film’s surface. Notably, a single-phased Ag_2O film is deposited by DC-sputtering at OFR = 0.5 due to the dual effects of thermal decomposition of the AgO phase and a combination reaction of AgO and Ag to Ag_2O. The oscillations both in the film’s reflectivity and transmissivity spectra are strengthened with increasing OFR, indicating an evolution from the metallic behavior of the biphased (Ag + Ag_2O) film to the dielectric behavior of the biphased (Ag_2O + AgO) film and the single-phased Ag2O film. The fitted optical absorption edges of the Ag_2O and the Ag_xO films deposited at values of the OFR of 0.5 and 0.33 are approximately 2.43 eV and 2.34 eV, respectively. The absorption edges are closely related to the direct interband transitions.

Research on Online rumor Based on SEIR Model with Nonlinear Incidence Rates

Xiao-Jing Lin,Ya-Ming Zhuang 제어로봇시스템학회 2015 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

The internet changes the way of human communication, netizens can publish and receive information whenever and wherever, which promote efficiency and speed up rumor dissemination, and highlight dangers of online rumors. Because of many similarities between online rumors dissemination and virus dissemination, in this paper, the SEIR model with nonlinear incidence rates is proposed to research on the diffusion process of online rumors. Aiming at the increasing number of the new netizens in our country, use the Logistic curve to describe the number of netizens, build SEIR online tumor dissemination model with nonlinear incidence rate and population dynamics. By analyzing the equilibrium point, development trend of online tumor can be predicted, and analytical expressions of threshold value be obtained when it is exist. The online rumors dissemination can be controlled by adjusting the parameters of threshold expression. Finally the accuracy and validation has been verified by simulation experiment.

BTXA Could Induce Fibroblast Apoptosis and Inhibit the Expression of α-SMA and Myosin II in Scar Tissue of Rabbit Ears

Jing Wang,Dongqing Liu,Xinyi Li,Xiao-Jing Li 한국생물공학회 2020 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.25 No.5

Purpose This study aims to explore the effects of BTXA on the proteins that affect the contraction of fibroblasts. Moreover, the optimal dose of BTXA on hypertrophic scars has not yet been determined. The current study investigated the effect of different doses of BTXA on scar formation. Materials and Methods 18 rabbits’ ears of New Zealand rabbits were used to establish hypertrophic scar model. These wounds were divided into four groups as group B (treated with deferent dosage of BTXA), group T (treated with TAC), group S (not treated), and group C (normal skin). Fibroblast apoptosis was detected by the method of TUNEL. Collagen I, III, and TGF-β1 expression were examined by western blotting method. The immunohistochemical staining and computerized image analysis were used to measure the optical density (OD value) of positive staining of α-SMA and myosin II. Results With increasing BTXA dose, the apoptotic rates increased. Western blot showed that Collagen fibrils and TGF-β1 proteins were expressed lower with the increasing of dose of BTXA (P < 0.05). α-SMA and myosin II in Group B were significantly decreased than those in Group T (P < 0.05), moreover, more myosin II can be reduced with high concentrations of BTXA (2.0 IU). Conclusions It was shown that BTXA could induce fibroblast apoptosis and inhibit the expression of α-SMA and myosin II, which can inhibit FB contraction. It plays a positive role in the treatment of scar.

Impaired Na+ −K+-ATPase signaling in renal proximal tubule contributes to hyperuricemia-induced renal tubular injury

Jing Xiao,Xiaoli Zhang,Chensheng Fu,Qingmei Yang,Ying Xie,Zhenxing Zhang,Zhibin Ye 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-

Hyperuricemia contributes to renal inflammation. We aimed to investigate the role of Na+–K+–ATPase (NKA) in hyperuricemiainduced renal tubular injury. Human primary proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) were incubated with uric acid (UA) at increasing doses or for increasing lengths of time. PTECs were then stimulated by pre-incubation with an NKA α1 expression vector or small interfering RNA before UA (100 μg ml−1, 48 h) stimulation. Hyperuricemic rats were induced by gastric oxonic acid and treated with febuxostat (Feb). ATP levels, the activity of NKA and expression of its α1 subunit, Src, NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were measured both in vitro and in vivo. Beginning at concentrations of 100 μg ml−1, UA started to dose-dependently reduce NKA activity. UA at a concentration of 100 μg ml−1 time-dependently affected the NKA activity, with the maximal increased NKA activity at 24 h, but the activity started to decrease after 48 h. This inhibitory effect of UA on NKA activity at 48 h was in addition to a decrease in NKA α1 expression in the cell membrane, but an increase in lysosomes. This process also involved the subsequent activation of Src kinase and NLRP3, promoting IL-1β processing. In hyperuricemic rats, renal cortex NKA activity and its α1 expression were upregulated at the 7th week and both decreased at the 10th week, accompanied with increased renal cortex expression of Src, NLRP3 and IL-1β. The UA levels were reduced and renal tubular injuries in hyperuricemic rats were alleviated in the Feb group. Our data suggested that the impairment of NKA and its consequent regulation of Src, NLRP3 and IL-1β in the renal proximal tubule contributed to hyperuricemia-induced renal tubular injury.