The Impact of Gate Leakage Current on PLL in 65 ㎚ Technology

Jing Li,Ning Ning,Ling Du,Qi Yu,Yang Liu 대한전자공학회 2012 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.12 No.1

For CMOS technology of 65 nm and beyond, the gate leakage current can not be negligible anymore. In this paper, the impact of the gate leakage current in ring voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) on phaselocked loop (PLL) is analyzed and modeled. A voltage-to-voltage (V-to-V) circuit is proposed to reduce the voltage ripple on Vctrl induced by the gate leakage current. The side effects induced by the V-to-V circuit are described and optimized either. The PLL design is based on a standard 65 ㎚ CMOS technology with a 1.8 V power supply. Simulation results show that 97 % ripple voltage is smoothed at 216 ㎒ output frequency. The RMS and peak-to-peak jitter are 3 ps and 14.8 ps, respectively

Application and Research of Active RFID-Based Positioning System in Sport Competition

Jing Ning 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.9 No.12

In this paper, it has made a deep research to the application of RFID positioning in sports competitions. It also researched the application of VIRE algorithm in positioning system, and proposed an improved VIRE algorithm, also chose the appropriate interpolation method. Through the improved location algorithm, it builds a relationship between the distance and time in finish line of the athlete, and solves the function to make sure the time that athletes reach the finish line, so that it can achieve the purpose of timing.

Design of Intelligent Stadiums Management System Based on ASP.NET

Jing NING 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.12

This paper analyzes the application requirements of stadium, and B / S architecture is used to design of stadium with intelligent management system, including five modules: systematic management, site management, membership management, sparring management and device management. SQLServer2005 database management system is used to establish a database system so that we can achieve seamless and efficient combination of ASP.NET applications. Finally, the basic module functions of the system were tested and the result shows that the system functions achieve the desired goals. It performed well and could improve efficiency greatly.

The Impact of Gate Leakage Current on PLL in 65 nm Technology: Analysis and Optimization

Li, Jing,Ning, Ning,Du, Ling,Yu, Qi,Liu, Yang The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2012 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.12 No.1

For CMOS technology of 65 nm and beyond, the gate leakage current can not be negligible anymore. In this paper, the impact of the gate leakage current in ring voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) on phase-locked loop (PLL) is analyzed and modeled. A voltage -to-voltage (V-to-V) circuit is proposed to reduce the voltage ripple on $V_{ctrl}$ induced by the gate leakage current. The side effects induced by the V-to-V circuit are described and optimized either. The PLL design is based on a standard 65 nm CMOS technology with a 1.8 V power supply. Simulation results show that 97 % ripple voltage is smoothed at 216 MHz output frequency. The RMS and peak-to-peak jitter are 3 ps and 14.8 ps, respectively.

Genome-wide analyses of the NAC transcription factor family to reveal the potential candidate genes responding to powdery mildew in balsam pear

Ning Yu,Liu Jing,Song Bo,Xu Hai,Liu Zhiyang,Chen Longzheng 한국식물생명공학회 2023 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.17 No.6

Powdery mildew (PM) is the most serious disease in balsam pear and usually causes severe yield and quality decreases. Although NAC transcription factors involved in the growth, development, and regulation of biotic and abiotic stress responses have been published for many crops, comprehensive data regarding the structure, evolution, and functions of the NAC family in balsam pear are still unavailable. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the NAC transcription factor family in balsam pear was performed, and 90 NAC genes of balsam pear (McNAC) were identified and divided into 18 subfamilies. Gene structure and protein motif analyses revealed that the functions of McNAC proteins exhibit diversity during evolution and are mainly involved in the response to light, growth, development, and abiotic and biotic stresses. Fifteen McNAC genes (McNAC03, McNAC09, McNAC15, McNAC19, McNAC25, McNAC29, McNAC34, McNAC47, McNAC55, McNAC59, McNAC61, McNAC69, McNAC71, McNAC73, and McNAC78) were differentially expressed after PM pathogen infection. Moreover, the predicted interacting proteins of 7 genes (McNAC09, McNAC15, McNAC25, McNAC29, McNAC34, McNAC73, and McNAC78) were related to the plant hormone signal transduction, betalain biosynthesis, and sphingolipid metabolism pathways by transcriptomic data, implying that the 7 genes participated in PM pathogen infection through these pathways. Metabolome data showed that nine metabolites in the same pathways were changed after PM infection, which suggests that these 7 McNAC genes could regulate these metabolites through the pathways mentioned above to respond to PM infection. The expression levels of McNAC09, McNAC15, McNAC25 and McNAC34 were further confirmed by qPCR to show the reliability of the obtained RNA-seq data. Interestingly, McNAC34 was predicted to be targeted by miRNA164, indicating that McNAC34 might be involved in the response to PM infection by the miRNA-regulated pathway. This study will provide deep insight into NAC gene family evolution and functions, especially in the response to PM pathogen infection in balsam pear.

Improvement of Interlaminar Fracture Toughness in Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Laminates with Inorganic Nanofiber Sheet Interleaf

Ning Wu,Jie Yang,Shanshan Zheng,Jing Wang,Li Chen 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.10

The present study developed a new type of nanofibrous structure-TiO2 nanofiber sheets (TNFS) to increase theinterlaminar fracture toughness of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates. SEM was employed to characterize thenanofibers before and after calcination. In order to quantify TNFS, the thickness and the crevice area of TNFS were analyzed,the results showed that the thickness and the proportion of crevice area were increased with the increase of TNFS contents. Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness were investigated for GFRP laminates toughened by different massfraction of TNFS. The highest Mode I fracture toughness value achieved by inserting 5 wt.% TNFS in the interleaf. GIc valuewas 74.35 % higher than those of base GFRP laminates. Meanwhile, with 6 wt.% addition of TNFS, the GFRP laminatesshowed the highest Mode II fracture toughness, which is 60.76 % higher than those of base GFRP laminates. Theimprovement mechanism of toughness was illustrated by the fracture surface analysis of TNFS interlayered laminates.

Outcome of COVID-19 Infection in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Who Received Disease-Modifying Therapies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ning Liu,WuHan Yu,Mengjiao Sun,Wenjing Zhang,Dan Zhou,Jing Sun,ManXia Wang 대한신경과학회 2023 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.19 No.4

Background and Purpose A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed of the outcome of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who received disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Methods Relevant studies published before November 2022 in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Web of Science databases were retrieved using the following search expression: (“multiple sclerosis” OR “MS”) AND (“DMT” OR “disease modifying therapies”) AND (“COVID-19”). Two authors independently screened the articles and extracted the data. Qualitative analyses and a meta-analysis constituted 22 of the 794 retrieved articles. Differences in the hospitalization and mortality rates were used as the main measures of efficacy, and the meta-analysis was performed using RevMan software. Results 22 clinical trials were selected. The hospitalization rate was lower in the 3,216 patients who received DMTs than in the 774 patients who did not receive any treatment, with a moderate effect size of 0.43 (p<0.00001). The mortality rate was also lower among patients with MS treated using DMTs than in controls (odds ratio [OR]=0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.13–0.27, p<0.00001). The hospitalization rates for COVID-19 infection in patients with MS treated with anti-CD20 therapy also increased markedly (OR=3.32, 95% CI=2.63–4.20, p<0.00001). However, there was no significant difference between patients with MS who did and did not receive DMTs. Conclusions In summary, the application of DMTs was found to be valuable for patients with MS infected with COVID-19. However, more clinical studies are needed to determine the use of anti-CD20 drugs in patients with MS during the COVID-19 pandemic.

A New Fuzzy Key Generation Method Based on PHY-Layer Fingerprints in Mobile Cognitive Radio Networks

( Ning Gao ),( Xiaojun Jing ),( Songlin Sun ),( Junsheng Mu ),( Xiang Lu ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.7

Classical key generation is complicated to update and key distribution generally requires fixed infrastructures. In order to eliminate these restrictions researchers have focused much attention on physical-layer (PHY-layer) based key generation methods. In this paper, we present a PHY-layer fingerprints based fuzzy key generation scheme, which works to prevent primary user emulation (PUE) attacks and spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) attacks, with multi-node collaborative defense strategies. We also propose two algorithms, the EA algorithm and the TA algorithm, to defend against eavesdropping attacks and tampering attacks in mobile cognitive radio networks (CRNs). We give security analyses of these algorithms in both the spatial and temporal domains, and prove the upper bound of the entropy loss in theory. We present a simulation result based on a MIMO-OFDM communication system which shows that the channel response characteristics received by legitimates tend to be consistent and phase characteristics are much more robust for key generation in mobile CRNs. In addition, NIST statistical tests show that the generated key in our proposed approach is secure and reliable.

Famine exposure in early life and type 2 diabetes in adulthood: findings from prospective studies in China

Ning Feng,Zhao Jing,Zhang Lei,Wang Weijing,Sun Xiaohui,Song Xin,Zhang Yanlei,Xin Hualei,Gao Weiguo,Gao Ruqin,Zhang Dongfeng,Pang Zengchang 한국영양학회 2023 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.17 No.4

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between famine exposure in early life and the risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood during the 1959–1961 Chinese Famine. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 3,418 individuals aged 35–74 years free of diabetes from two studies in 2006 and 2009 were followed up prospectively in 2009 and 2012, respectively. Famine exposure was classified as unexposed (individuals born in 1962–1978), fetal exposed (individuals born in 1959–1961), child exposed (individuals born in 1949–1958), and adolescent/adult exposed (born in 1931–1948). A logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between famine exposure and diabetes after adjustment for potential covariates. RESULTS: During a three-year follow-up, the age-adjusted incidence rates of type 2 diabetes were 5.7%, 14.5%, 12.7%, and 17.8% in unexposed, fetal-exposed, child-exposed, and adolescent/adult-exposed groups, respectively (P < 0.01). Relative to the unexposed group, the relative risks (95% confidence inter val) for diabetes were 2.15 (1.29–3.60), 1.53 (0.93– 2.51), and 1.65 (0.75–3.63) in the fetal-exposed, child-exposed, and adolescent/adult-exposed groups, after controlling for potential covariates. The interactions between famine exposure and obesity, education level, and family histor y of diabetes were not obser ved, except for the urbanization type. Individuals living in rural areas with fetal and childhood famine exposure were at a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, with relative risks of 8.79 (1.82–42.54) and 2.33 (1.17–4.65), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that famine exposure in early life is an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes, particularly in women. Early identification and inter vention may help prevent diabetes in later life.

Environmental Microbiology and Engineering : Microbial Community Dynamics in Batch High-Solid Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste Under Mesophilic Conditions

( Jing Yi ),( Bin Dong ),( Yong Gang Xue ),( Ning Li ),( Peng Gao ),( Yu Xin Zhao ),( Ling Ling Dai ),( Xiao Hu Dai ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2014 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.24 No.2

Microbial community shifts, associated with performance data, were investigated in an anaerobic batch digester treating high-solid food waste under mesophilic conditions using, a combination of molecular techniques and chemical analysis methods. The batch process was successfully operated with an organic removal efficiency of 44.5% associated with a biogas yield of 0.82 L/g VSremoval. Microbial community structures were examined by denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis. Clostridium and Symbiobacterium organisms were suggested to be mainly responsible for the organic matter catabolism in hydrolysis and acidogenesis reactions. The dynamics of archaeal and methanogenic populations were monitored using real-time PCR targeting 16S rRNA genes. Methanosarcina was the predominant methanogen, suggesting that the methanogenesis took place mainly via an aceticlastic pathway. Hydrogenotrophic methanogens were also supported in high-solid anaerobic digestion of food waste through syntrophism with syntrophic bacterium. Microbial community shifts showed good agreement with the performance parameters in anaerobic digestion, implying the possibility of diagnosing a high-solid anaerobic digestion process by monitoring microbial community shifts. On the other hand, the batch results could be relevant to the start-up period of a continuous system and could also provide useful information to set up a continuous operation.