노지 스마트농업 테스트베드 구축 및 운영

박진기 ( Jinki Park ),이성태 ( Sungtae Lee ),이홍석 ( Hongseok Lee ),정회정 ( Hoejeong Jeong ),정미혜 ( Mihye Jeong ) 한국농공학회 2023 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2023 No.0

노지 밭작물 재배는 기후변화 및 고령화 등으로 생산혁신을 위한 새로운 대안이 필요하다. 세계는 스마트농업을 미래의 성장산업으로 인식하고 있으며, 인공지능, 로봇, 빅데이터 등 디지털기술 발달로 국내외 스마트농업 시장 규모는 급속히 확대되고 있다. 우리나라 농가 인구는 2000년 403만명에서 2030년에는 54%가 감소한 187만명으로 예상하고 있으며, 고령화는 2000년 21.7%에서 2030년에는 59.7%로 증가할 것으로 예상하고 있다. 따라서 식량의 안정적 공급을 위해 미래 환경변화에 대응한 스마트농업으로 전환이 필요하다. 국립식량과학원 남부작물부 생산기술개발과에서는 노지 스마트농업을 실현하기 위해 콩을 대상으로 테스트베드를 구축하였다. 노지 스마트농업을 위해 무선네트워크 망 구축, 관수시스템, 배수시스템, 관비시스템, 드론스테이션, 기상 및 환경센서, CCTV 등 기반을 구축하였다. 테스트베드에는 자동 물관리, 자동 배수, 해충진단, 드론 방제, 드론 생육 진단, LiDAR 생육계측, 자율주행 농작업(파종, 두둑형성, 제초제살포 동시작업) 등 스마트기술을 적용하였다. 2022년 콩(품종: 선풍) 재배결과 기존 관행 재배에서 노동력은 75.9시간/ha이 투입되었으며, 테스트베드는 35.5시간/ha이 투입되어 53% 감소되었다. 콩 수량은 관행 재배에서 285kg/10a이고 테스트베드는 328kg/10a로 15% 증가하였다. 남부작물부 테스트베드에는 2022년부터 지속적으로 개발된 기술을 접목하여 운영하고 있다. 현장 확산을 위해 2023년에는 9개 도농업기술원에 테스트베드 구축하여 운영하고 있으며, 2024년에는 농가 현장에 노지 스마트농업 기반을 구축·운영하여 적용성을 검토할 예정이다.

리튬이온전지용 양극활물질 폐기물로부터 침출 및 용매추출에 의한 코발트의 분리

정진기,이재천,김민석,김치권 한국공업화학회 2005 응용화학 Vol.9 No.1

LiCoO₂ that is used as an cathode active material of lithium ion batteries has been generated as a waste for manufacturing the batteries. As a method for recycling the waste, solvent extraction was carried out to separate cobalt from the leaching solution of the waste. Many researchs were conducted for recovering Li and Co from waste lithium ion batteries. However, little were reported for recovering Li and Co from wastes generated for manufacturing the lithium ion batteries. In the study, the experiments of leaching and solvent extraction were conducted to recover Li and Co from the waste. The effects of operational variables on the concentration of sulfuric acid, temperature, agitation rate, the addition amount of H₂O₂, and pulp density were investigated. The leaching rate of Li was larger than that of Co under the experimental conditions, and the leaching rate of Li and Co was increased with increasing the concentration of sulfuric acid, temperature, agitation rate, and the addition amount of H₂O₂. There are also differences between the leaching results of wastes generated for manufacturing the lithium ion batteries and that of waste lithium ion batteries. Solvent extraction was carried out using Na-CYANEX 272, and cobalt was separated from the leaching solution of the waste.

Evaluation of Cyanide Producing Microorganisms for Bioleaching of Gold

Doyun SHIN,Jinki JEONG,B.D PANDEY,Jae-chun LEE 한국생물공학회 2011 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.10

Exposure assessment on the relationship between daily activity patterns and indoor air quality inuniversity buildings

Duckshin Park,JinKi Eom,KeunYul Yang,SoonBark Kwon,Wootae Jeong,KiChul Cho,InYoung Jeong,SungJoon Bae,Kiyoung Lee 환경독성보건학회 2013 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2013 No.10

경사 유동층 반응기를 이용한 석탄의 건조 연구

강태원,정진기,김동국 公州大學校工科大學生産技術硏究所 1999 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

The goal of this research is in the development of process of drying high-moisture subbituminous coal using at inclined fludized bed(IFB). The Eagle Butte coal of AMAX company in Wyoming and Usibelli coal of Alaska were two feed coals tested in a 10-lb/hr bench-scale IFB for this research. The feed coals were crushed to minus 590μm(28 mesh) to produce an average particle diameter 70μm for the Eagle Butte coal and 80μm for the Usibelli coal as determined by wet screen analysis. IFB reactor slopes of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 degrees were investigated for each coal. The average temperature of IFB dryer were varied from 177 to 399℃ and the carbon fluidizing gas velocity ranged from 1 to 6 ft/min. The solids heating rate in the experiments varied from approximately 33 to 139℃/min, and solids residence times varied from 5 to 13 min. In all of the experiments, the dried coal product contained less than 1.5% moisture as determined by proximate analysis. As a result of drying and partial carboxylation, the heating value of coals were increased from 8,470 Btu/lb to a range of 11,800 to 12,600 Btu/lb for Eagle Butte coal and to a range of 10,400 to 11,500 Btu/lb for Usibelli coal.

폐휴대폰 내의 인쇄회로기판에 함유된 금속 성분의 변화

정진기,이재천,최준철,Jeong, jinki,Lee, Jae-chun,Choi, Jun-chul 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2015 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.24 No.3

Mobile phone has become one of the essential items in our daily life. In Korea, it is estimated that more than 20 million cell phones are discarded each year due to advancement in technology, thus creating disposal and environmental pollution. In order to conserve the resources, their proper recycling is essential as it contains both valuable and toxic metals. The economics of the recycling will depend on the amount and value of the metals. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the composition of the metals present in the different cell phones. In the present study, a report is presented on the variation of metal content per year of waste mobile phones. A review has been made for the mobile phones manufactured during the period 2000-2009 and metal content of the printed circuit boards (PCBs) by analyzing their metals. An example of the precious metal palladium and of the heavy metal lead shows the decreasing trend. 오늘날 개인의 필수 품목이 된 휴대폰은 국내에서 매년 2,000만대 이상이 폐기되는 것으로 추정되고 있다. 휴대폰에는 유가금속 뿐만 아니라 유해금속이 들어있기 때문에 적절한 재활용이 필요하다. 휴대폰에 함유된 유용금속성분의 함량에 따라 재활용공정에서의 경제성이 달라지기에 성분의 분석이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 폐휴대폰에 함유된 금속 성분의 년도별 변화를 보았다. 2000년에서 2009년에 제조된 휴대폰을 대상으로 휴대폰내의 인쇄회로기판의 성분과 함량을 조사하고 함량의 변화추이를 확인하였다. 분석결과 귀금속인 팔라듐과 중금속인 납의 함량은 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

Simultaneous Recovery of Gold and Iodine from the Waste Rinse Water of the Semiconductor Industry Using Activated Carbon

Nguyen, Nghiem V.,Jeong, Jinki,Shin, Doyun,Kim, Byung-Su,Lee, Jae-chun,Pandey, B. D. The Japan Institute of Metals 2012 Materials Transactions Vol.53 No.4

<P>This research work focused on the simultaneous recovery of gold (40.5 mg/dm<SUP>3</SUP>) and iodine (748 mg/dm<SUP>3</SUP>) from the waste rinse water of the semiconductor industry using activated carbon. A batch study was conducted to optimize process parameters, such as contact time and carbon dose, for the recovery of gold and iodine from the waste water. The loading capacity of the activated carbon for adsorption of gold and iodine was found to be 33.5 mg Au/g carbon and 835 mg I<SUB>2</SUB>/g carbon, respectively. Gold was found to exist on the activated charcoal surface in two forms: ionic gold and elemental gold. Aqua regia was used to convert metallic gold to its ionic form, and the iodine and the small amount of ionic gold were removed from the activated carbon by elution with aqua regia. Gold was recovered from the eluate by reduction with hydrazine. Iodine from the diluted aqua regia was then precipitated by adding sodium hydrosulfite (Na<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>). A complete process flow sheet was developed to recover both gold and iodine from the waste water of the semiconductor industry, which conserves the resources while meeting environmental pollution requirements.</P>

리튬이온전지 제조공정의 폐양극활물질로부터 습식제련공정에 의한 코발트의 회수

정진기,김민석,이재천,손정수,Jeong, Jinki,Kim, Min Seuk,Lee, Jae-chun,Sohn, Jeong-Soo 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2005 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.14 No.6

황산을 사용하여 폐양극활물질, $LiCoO_{2}$로부터 코발트를 침출한 뒤 용매추출법으로 분리하여 회수하는 습식제련공정을 개발하였다. 최적침출조건은 황산농도 2.0 M, 과산화수소수 첨가량 5 $vol.\%$, 침출온도 $75^{\circ}C$, 침출시간 30 min., 초기정액농도 100 g/L 이었으며, 코발트와 리튬의 침출율은 각각 $93\%$와 $94.5\%$이었다. 초기 pH 5.0, 유기상과 수용액상의 상비 1.6 : 1, 추출단수 1단의 조건에서 1.5 M Cyanex 272를 추출제로 사용하여 44.72 g/L 코발트와 5.43 g/L 리튬을 함유하는 황산침출액으로부터 $85\%$의 코발트를 추출하였다. 추출잔액에 남아있는 코발트는 Na-Cyanex 272농도 0.5M, 초기 pH 5.0, 유기상과 수용액상의 상비 1:1의 조건에서 완전히 추출되었다. 폐 $LiCoO_{2}$의 황산침출-Na-Cyanex 272에 의한 코발트의 용매추출-탄산소다용액에 의한 리튬의 세정-황산용액에 의한 코발트의 탈거 등 일련의 습식제련공정을 이용하여 폐$LiCoO_{2}$로부터 순도 $99.99\%$이상의 황산코발트용액을 회수할 수 있었다. A hydrometallurgical process to leach cobalt from the waste cathodic active material, $LiCoO_{2}$, and subsequently to separate it by solvent extraction was developed. The optimum leaching conditions for high recovery of colbalt and lithium were obtained: 2.0 M sulfuric acid, 5 $vol.\%$ hydrogen peroxide, $75^{\circ}C$ leaching temperature, 30 minutes leaching time and an initial pulp density of 100 g/L. The respective leaching efficiencies for Co and Li were $93\%$ and $94.5\%$. About $85\%$ Co was extracted from the sulfuric acid leach liquor containing 44.72 g/L Co and 5.43 g/L Li, using 1.5 M Cyanex272 as an extractant at the initial pH 5.0 and in organic to aqueous phase ratio of 1.6:1 under the single stage extraction conditions. The Co in the raraffinate was completely extracted by 0.5 M Na-Cyanex272 at the inital pH 5.0, and an organic to aqueous phase ratio of 1;1. The cobalt sulfate solution of higher than $99.99\%$ purity could be recovered from waste $LiCoO_{2}$, using a series of hydrometallurgical processes: sulfuric acid leaching of waste $LiCoO_{2}$- solvent extraction of Co by Na-Cyanex 271 - scrubbing of Li by sodium carbonate solution - stripping of Co by sulfuric acid solution.

Bioleaching of Electronic Scrap using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

Ahn, Jae-Woo,Jeong, Jinki,Lee, Jae-Chun,Kim, Dong-Gin,Ahn, Jong-Gwan 한국암반공학회 2005 Geosystem engineering Vol.8 No.3

In order to recover valuable metals from a waste electronic scrap, we investigated the bioleaching of Cu, Zo, Al, Co, Ni, Sn and Pb using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans as leaching microorganism in a shaking flask. In a preliminary study, in order to obtain the data on the leaching of Cu, Zn, Al, Co and Ni, the metal leaching behaviors were accomplished using metal powders instead of electronic scrap. As the increase of metal powder concentration in solution, the leaching percentages of Cu, Zo, Co, Al, Ni powders were reduced. At the metal concentrations of 1.0 and 5.0g/L, more than $85\%$ of Cu, Co and Zn powders were leached out. At the electronic scrap concentration of l00g/L, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans were able to leach more than $90\%$ of the available Cu, Co. But Al, Zn and Ni were able to leach less than $40\%$. No Pb and Sn were detected in the leachate. Pb was precipitated as $PbSO_4$, whereas Sn precipitated probably as SnO.

전기전자제품(電氣電子製品)의 제조공정(製造工程)에서 발생(發生)하는 폐기물(廢棄物)로부터 금속회수(金屬回收)에 관한 기술(技術) 동향(動向)

정진기,신탁연,이재천,박상우,Jeong, Jinki,Shin, Doyun,Lee, Jae-Chun,Park, Sang-Woo 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2012 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.21 No.4

제품을 제조하는 대부분의 공정에서는 불량품이나 스크랩 등의 폐기물이 발생한다. 전기전자 제품을 생산하는 공정에서도 금속을 함유한 복합물질의 폐기물이 다량 발생하며, 이로부터 금속을 회수하는 것은 자원재활용의 측면 뿐 아니라 매립 등의 처리에 대한 환경부담을 줄이는 효과가 있다. 이 논문에서는 전기전자 제품을 제조하는 공정에서 발생하는 불량품을 포함한 폐기물로부터 금속을 회수하는 기술에 대하여 1975년부터 2011년까지 공개/등록된 미국, 일본, 유럽, 한국의 특허와 SCI급 논문을 조사하였다. 키워드를 이용하여 조사하였고 필터링 하여 특허와 논문을 수집하여 연도별, 국가별, 기관별, 기술별로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 특허의 경우는 한국, 일본, 미국 순으로 많이 제출하였고 논문의 경우에는 대만, 미국 순이었다. Recently, the recovery of resources from waste material of manufacturing electric and electronic equipment has been investigated. It is very important to extract metallic components from electric and electronic manufacturing processes with the view point of recycling of the used resources as well as an environmental protection. In this paper, open/registered patents of US, JP, EP, and KR and SCI journal related to metal recovery technologies from wastes produced in the electric and electronic manufacturing processes between 1975~2011 were reviewed. Patents and papers were collected using key-words searching and filtered by filtering criteria. The trends of the patents and papers were analyzed by the years, countries, companies, and technologies.