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Spiroux de Vendômois Joël,Bourdineaud Jean-Paul,Apoteker Arnaud,Defarge Nicolas,Gaillard Emilie,Lepage Corinne,Testart Jacques,Vélot Christian 한국독성학회 2021 Toxicological Research Vol.37 No.4
Repeated health and environmental scandals, the loss of biodiversity and the recent burst of chronic diseases constantly remind us the inability of public authorities and risk assessment agencies to protect health and the environment. After reviewing the main shortcomings of our evaluation system of chemicals and new technologies, supported by some concrete examples, we develop a number of proposals to reform both the risk assessment agencies and the evaluation processes. We especially propose the establishment of an independent structure, a High Authority of Expertise, supervising, either at European level or at national level, all the evaluation agencies, and ensuring the transparency, the methodology and the deontology of the expertise. In addition to modifying the evaluation protocols, both in their nature and in their content, especially in order to adapt them to current pollutants such as endocrine disruptors, we propose a reform of the expertise processes based on transparency, contradiction, and greater democracy, including close collaboration between the institutional and scientific parties on the one hand and the whole civil society on the other. All the proposals we make are inspired by the desire to prevent, through appropriate mechanisms, the human, health, ecological, but also economic consequences of contemporary technological choices.
Final report on CCM.M-K4: Key comparison of 1 kg stainless steel mass standards
Becerra, Luis Omar,orys, Michael,Chung, Jin Wan,Davidson, Stuart,Fuchs, Peter,Jacques, Claude,Jian, Wang,Kubarych, Zeina J,Kumar, Anil,Malengo, Andrea,Fen, Kitty,Medina, Nieves,Meury, Paul-André BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES POIDS ET MESURES 2014 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.51 No.-
<P>This report describes a key comparison of 1 kg stainless steel mass standards, CCM.M-K4, undertaken by the Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities (CCM) Working Group on the Dissemination of the kilogram (WGD-kg). The CCM.M-K4 comparison was launched during the 12th meeting of the CCM (2010). The aim of the present comparison is to verify the consistency of 1 kg stainless steel mass standards among members of the CCM.</P><P>The previous CCM 1 kg stainless steel mass standards comparison was carried out in 1995–1997 as the CCM.M-K1 comparison. The Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) was the pilot laboratory for this key comparison. There were sixteen participants in the CCM.M-K4 comparison, all are CCM members. The comparison was structured into four petals with two stainless steel travelling mass standards per petal. The measurements and the reported results were completed in between one month and five months depending on the participants. One laboratory's results were found to be inconsistent with the other laboratories' results and one other laboratory gave a significant deviation from the key comparison reference value (KCRV). Both laboratories were contacted before preparation of the draft A report, without disclosing the details of the deviations, to allow them to check and revise their values. The fourteen other participants were in agreement with each other and degrees of equivalence have been established.</P><P>Finally, the mass values of the eight stainless steel travelling standards were determined in air by the NMIs with claimed standard uncertainties ranging from 0.007 mg to 0.021 mg. Degrees of equivalence have been established by using the generalized linear least-squares estimation (GLS) method. The result demonstrates the high quality of this comparison and that some participants are able to provide, for their mass calibration services, standard uncertainties of around ten micrograms. The good uniformity of worldwide mass dissemination since the last periodic mass verification carried out in 1992 is demonstrated by the agreement among the NMIs' results. In addition, the observed weighted mean of the NMI deviations against the BIPM is −0.0098 mg (σ = 0.0036 mg). Despite the good result obtained in this particular comparison we should, in order to have a more accurate calibration system, improve the knowledge of the ageing effects of the mass references and increase the BIPM calibration frequency of the national prototypes.</P><P>Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.</P><P>The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).</P>
Marsollier, Laurent,Brodin, Priscille,Jackson, Mary,Kordulá,ková,, Jana,Tafelmeyer, Petra,Carbonnelle, Etienne,Aubry, Jacques,Milon, Geneviè,ve,Legras, Pierre,André,, Jean-Paul Public Library of Science 2007 PLoS pathogens Vol.3 No.5
<▼1><P>The role of biofilms in the pathogenesis of mycobacterial diseases remains largely unknown. <I>Mycobacterium ulcerans,</I> the etiological agent of Buruli ulcer, a disfiguring disease in humans, adopts a biofilm-like structure in vitro and in vivo, displaying an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) that harbors vesicles. The composition and structure of the ECM differs from that of the classical matrix found in other bacterial biofilms. More than 80 proteins are present within this extracellular compartment and appear to be involved in stress responses, respiration, and intermediary metabolism. In addition to a large amount of carbohydrates and lipids, ECM is the reservoir of the polyketide toxin mycolactone, the sole virulence factor of M. ulcerans identified to date, and purified vesicles extracted from ECM are highly cytotoxic. ECM confers to the mycobacterium increased resistance to antimicrobial agents, and enhances colonization of insect vectors and mammalian hosts. The results of this study support a model whereby biofilm changes confer selective advantages to M. ulcerans in colonizing various ecological niches successfully, with repercussions for Buruli ulcer pathogenesis.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P><B/></P><P>Mycobacterium ulcerans is the etiologic agent of Buruli ulcer, a necrotic skin disease affecting humans living close to wetlands in tropical countries. This mycobacteria resides in water where it could colonize many ecological niches such as aquatic plants, herbivorous animals, and water bugs. The latter were shown to be able to transmit the bacteria to mammalian hosts. Here, we described that the bacilli could be structured with a thick envelope called the extracellular matrix (ECM). This peculiar coat contains in small vesicles a toxin named mycolactone, the main virulence factor of M. ulcerans. The ECM confers to the mycobacterium increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and plays a role in virulence. Indeed, a bacteria with ECM is more potent for colonization of insect vectors and mammalian hosts compared to bacteria. Unraveling the regulation of the production of the ECM together with the export of mycolactone will be an important step in developing new pharmacological approaches for the treatment of Buruli ulcer, which has been greatly handicapped by the lack of effectiveness of the current antibiotics.</P></▼2>
The Reference Genetic Linkage Map for the Multinational Brassica rapa Genome Sequencing Project
Yong Pyo Lim,Su Ryun Choi,Graham R. Teakle,Prikshit Plaha,Jeong Hee Kim,Charlotte J. Allender,Elena Beynon,Zhong Yun. Piao,Tae Ho Han,Graham J. King,Guy C. Barker,Paul Hand Hand,Derek J. Lydiate,Jacqu 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-