OMC-2010 추출물이 마우스의 비장세포 cytokine 생성에 미치는 영향

배기상 ( Gi Sang Bae ),박경철 ( Kyoung Chel Park ),최선복 ( Sun Bok Choi ),조일주 ( Il Joo Jo ),서상완 ( Sang Wan Seo ),김종진 ( Jong Jin Kim ),신용국 ( Yong Kook Shin ),김민선 ( Min Sun Kim ),박규환 ( Kyu Hwan Park ),김현식 ( Hyu 대한본초학회 2012 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.27 No.5

Objective : This study was performed to estimate the effects of OMC-2010 extract on cytokine production in mouse spleen cells. Methods : Mouse spleen cells were pre-treated with ethanol and water extract of OMC-2010 for 1 h, then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/ml) for 48 h. Then the cells were harvested for real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect cytokines. Results : OMC-2010 ethanol extract significantly inhibited the LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and IL-5 mRNA expressions, but not shown such changes in IL-6, IL-4, IL-13. OMC-2010 water extract significantly inhibited the LPS-induced TNF-alpha, and IL-5 mRNA expressions, but not shown such changes in IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-4, IL-13. Conclusions : Theses results could suggest that both ethanol and water OMC-2010 extract could inhibit the TNF-alpha and IL-5 mRNA expression.

북한의 변화와 한반도 평화

김일기 동아대학교 동아시아연구원 2011 동아시아 : 비교와 전망 Vol.10 No.2

북한은 최근 김정은으로의 권력세습과 2012년 강성대국 달성을 위해 총력전을 전개하고 있다. 북한이 권력세습 과정에서 선택하게 될 정책방향은 북한 내부를 넘어 한반도와 동북아 질서에 커다란 파장을 미칠 가능성이 높다. 본 논문은 이러한 점에 주목하여 최근 북한의 변화를 권력세습과 경제상황을 통해 살펴보고, 나아가 한반도 평화는 북핵문제와 남북관계의 분석과 전망을 통해 조망하고자 한다. 북한은 제3차 당대표자회를 통해 김정은을 후계자로 등장시켰으며, 후계체제의 안정적인 조기구축을 추진하고 있다. 나아가 ‘그럭저럭 버티기’ 상태를 유지하고 있는 북한 경제의 회복을 위해 내부자원의 총동원과 북․중 경제협력을 적극적으로 추진하고 있다. 북핵문제와 6자회담은 남북 비핵화 회담과 미북 고위급 대화를 통해 다시 협상국면으로 접어드는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 남북관계는 북한의 천안함 폭침과 연평도 포격도발로 인해 아직까지 경색국면을 벗어나지 못하고 있다. 북한의 향후 정책변화는 우리의 대북정책 과 남북관계 추진에 많은 도전을 가져올 것이다. 이러한 도전에 능동적․적극적으로 대처하기 위해서는 북한 내부의 변화에 대한 심층적 분석과 함께 세밀하고 치밀한 대응전략을 수립해야 할 것이다. North Korea recently has been accelerating for political leadership succession and fling open the gate of thriving nation (Kangsong Daekook) in 2012. The policy choice of North Korea during political leadership succession will have a huge impact on peace not only the Korean Peninsula but also Northeast Asia. This paper focuses on analyzing change of North Korea and peace on the Korean Peninsula. The former includes political leadership succession and economic condition in North Korea, the latter includes inter-Korean relations and six-party talks for denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. Kim Jong-un, the third son of North Korean leader Kim Jong-il, will succeed his father as leader of the North Korea after the conference of the Workers' Party of North Korea which was held on September 28, 2010. Furthermore, North Korea has been trying to achieve economic recovery through economic cooperation with China and total mobilization of internal resources. The six-party talks has entered a phase of negotiations after bilateral meetings between the two Koreas and separately between North Korea and the United States. Nevertheless the present state of the relationship between North and South Korea has been worsening due to the sinking of the Cheonan and the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island. Policy changes in North Korea will bring many challenges on South Korea's policy toward North Korea. In order to cope with these challenges, it is necessary to make a new response strategy.

불순물 첨가 BGO 섬광체 단결정의 육성과 열형광 특성

김성철,김중환,김종일,정중현,도시홍,김기동,이대원 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 1996 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.1

Eu or Fe doped BGO scintillation crystals were grown by Czochralski method. In order to get information about traps in the grown BGO crystals, we measured trap parameters including activation energy, frequency factor and the kinetic order of thermoluminescence, and compared such parameters with thermoluminescent characteristics of pure BGO scintillation crystals. In addition, optical transmittance of the grown BGO crystals was measured.

오미자, 황련이 BEAS-2B 인간 기관지상피세포의 IL-6, IL-16, GM-CSF mRNA level에 미치는 영향

김동일 ( Kim Dong Il ),정희재 ( Jeong Hui Jae ),정승기 ( Jeong Seung Gi ),이형구 ( Lee Hyeong Gu ) 경희대학교 경희의료원 2001 慶熙醫學 Vol.17 No.2

OMC-2010 구성약재 배합추출물 투여가 Ovalbumin으로 유도한 마우스 알레르기성 기관지 천식에 미치는 영향

조일주 ( Il Joo Jo ),배기상 ( Gi Sang Bae ),최선복 ( Sun Bok Choi ),송호준 ( Ho Joon Song ),박성주 ( Sung Joo Park ),서상완 ( Sang Wan Seo ),옥주안 ( Joo An Ok ),김민선 ( Min Sun Kim ),백선종 ( Sun Jong Baek ),배익현 ( Ik Hyun Bae 대한본초학회 2013 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.28 No.5

Objectives: We recently have reported that constituents of OMC-2010 have an immuno-modulatory effects via inhibiting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-5. In this study, based on previous data, we investigated the effects of combinations with each OMC constituents on splenocyte cytotoxicity, cytokine productions, and ovalbumin (OVA) induced experimental allergic asthma. Methods: Mouse splenocytes were pre-treated with ethanol extract of constituents of Rehmannia glutinosa (RG), Pinellia ternata (PT), Schisandra chinensis (SC). We made 4 combinations using RG, PT, and SC (A;1:1:1, B;2:1:1, C;1:2:1, D;1:1:2). The cells were pretreated with A, B, C, or D for 1 h, then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 ㎍/ml) for 48 h. Then the cells were harvested for real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect cytokine productions. Then using effective combination from RG, PR and SC, we administrated the combination orally, then challenged with OVA to induce asthma. Then we analyzed the airway hyper-reactivity (AHR), lung histology and lung TNF-α and IL-5 mRNA. Results: A. B. C. and D did not showed significant cytotoxicity on splenocytes. Pre-treatment of A inhibited the expression of TNF-α and IL-5 significantly, but not B, C, and D. In experimental asthma, administration of A significantly inhibited the increase of AHR, lung damage, TNF-α and IL-5 expression. Conclusions: Theses results could suggest that inhibitory effects of the ideal combination with RG, PT and SC (1:1:1) could be applied to treatment of asthma and study of asthma mechanisms.

방송을 통해 표출된 김건모 노래가사의 신화와 이데올로기

백선기(Seon-gi Baek),김남일(Nam-il Kim) 사이버커뮤니케이션학회 2006 사이버 커뮤니케이션 학보 Vol.18 No.1

본 논문은 1990년대 이후 한국 대중음악에서 큰 상업적 성공을 거두었으면서도 학문적으로는 소외되어 온 대중가수 김건모의 가요 가사 텍스트에서 ‘남성성’이 어떻게 재현되는지를 기호학적 분석 방법에 의해 검토한다. ‘김건모’는 1992년 방송을 통해 데뷔하여 대중성을 획득하였고, 이를 기반으로 해서 인터넷의 급격한 보급으로 인해 대중음악의 중요한 통로였던 방송의 영향력이 약화된 후에도 꾸준한 활동을 해 왔다. 연구결과 활동 초기의 텍스트에는 한국사회의 전통적인 가부장적 남성성이 다수 표출되고 있으나, 90년대 후반으로 들어서면서 사회문회적 변화를 반영한 ‘허여적 남성성’이 대폭 증가되어 표출되고 있다는 사실을 밝혀냈다. 또한 가사 텍스트는 주로 ‘남녀간의 사랑’을 주제로 하고 있고, ‘사랑’에서도 이별이나 그리움을 주로 다루고 있어 기존연구와 맥을 같이하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 ‘허여적 남성성’의 다수 표출 현상을 한국 사회의 전통적인 ‘가부장적 남성성’의 근본적인 변화로 보기는 어렵고, 단지 급변하는 현실에 적응 해가는 과정에서 성(gender) 정체성의 위기를 겪는 과정이자, 기존의 남성 정체성이 흔들려 현실에 적응하지 못하는 현상으로 볼 수 있다. 대중가요는 일반대중들의 삶에 편재되어 있으므로, 수용자들이 능동적으로 ‘즐기는’ 신체를 통해서 드러나고, 나아가 일상의 삶을 구성한다. 따라서 대중가요의 영향력은 매우 크며, 이를 통해 전달되는 ‘남성성’에 관한 신화와 이데올로기의 파급 효과는 사람들의 일상의 삶을 규정한다고 볼 수 있다. 현재 대중문화 영역 전반에 걸쳐 성 정체성과 관련된 담론의 다양한 표출 현상은 주목할 만한 변화로 볼 수 있다. 이러한 연구를 통하여 대중문화에서 성 평등 개념의 중요성과 인식의 전환에 대한 논의가 확장 될 것으로 본다. The goal of this paper is that figure and analysis the representing "Masculinity" among the Korean Popular Music on the tool of Semiotics. The author especially chooses, the Korean Pop Artist, Gun-Mo Kim who was the most famous at time of the mid and late 1990s. He had been almost success; however, he has never gotten the right estimation at the world of academic. He gained popularity since his first exposure on TV in 1992. He has been singing even after the rapid spread of the internet made the power of broadcasting weakened when the broadcasting was the important pathway of the popular music. At the result, Kim's early lyrics has a 'patriarch' masculinity, which is the something hegemonic icon of typical Korean costume, however, his late lyrics has a 'gift' masculinity. It could be more ex-plained possibly that the Korean Cultural Society has gradually changed since the late 1990s. In short, the text of Kim's lyrics which has the main issue is all about LOVE. That theme also consists of 'Do Affects' and 'Do Break-Ups'. This is the most common flow among the rest of Korean Popular Songs. Either, it could be hardly say that changed a 'gift and gift' masculinity instead of a 'patriarch' masculinity in the Korean Society. It does not mean that the BASIC has changed. That could be mere processing through of adjusting the present and fixing the gender issue. Nowadays, the world is so changing fast and ever than we think. So, that is too, the lyrics have shown the brake and waver of the image of masculine. The lyrics of songs are alive into the people's life. Sometimes, it could be touching and moving itself. The audiences surely enjoy that the moment through their body and soul. That must be remain and reinforce of them. The discourse which is related of the Gender Identity has shown every genre. It is the POINT. The author wants to discuss and debate more and more of it in the academic area. Of course, it is about the concepts of Gender Equality and Radical Paradigm. This is so important. And also it would hardly calculate that Music influence the people's life. They convey people a new thought, and a new issue so gently and naturally. It could be anything that something like Myth and Ideology about Masculinity and so on. Right now, it runs through of it.

LPS로 유도한 대식세포의 염증반응에서 우슬의 항염증 효과

김민선 ( Min Sun Kim ),정진수 ( Jin Soo Jeong ),이혜윤 ( Hye Youn Lee ),주영승 ( Young Sung Ju ),배기상 ( Gi Sang Bae ),서상완 ( Sang Wan Seo ),조일주 ( Il Joo Cho ),박성주 ( Sung Joo Park ),송호준 ( Ho Joon Song ) 대한본초학회 2011 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.26 No.2

Objectives: Achyranthes japonica (AJ ) has been used as an anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. However, it is unclear that AJ could show the anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages. In this experiment, we studied whether AJ could inhibit the inflammatory responses in macrophages. Methods: To measure out the cytotoxicity of AJ, we performed the MTT assay. We evaluated the nitric oxide (NO) production, and cytokine production such as interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a. We also investigated the cellular mechanims such as mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK)s and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). Results: AJ inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production. AJ also inhibited production levels of IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-a in LPS-stimulated macrophage. Finally, western blot analysis showed that AJ treatment inhibited the activation of p38 but not of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-jun NH2-terminal kinase and NF-kB. Conclusions: These results showed that AJ down-regulated the inflammatory response via p38 in macrophages, which suggest that AJ could be a candidate on treating inflammatory diseases.

LPS로 유도한 RAW 264.7 세포의 염증반응에서 흰민들레의 항염증 효과

김민준 ( Min Jun Kim ),배기상 ( Gi Sang Bae ),최선복 ( Sun Bok Choi ),조일주 ( Il Joo Jo ),김동구 ( Dong Goo Kim ),신준연 ( Joon Yeon Shin ),이성곤 ( Sung Kon Lee ),김명진 ( Myoung Jin Kim ),박성주 ( Sung Joo Park ),송호준 ( Ho Jo 대한본초학회 2014 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.29 No.6

Objectives : Taraxacum coreanum (TC) have been used as a traditional medicine to treat inflammatory diseases and anti-oxidant effect in Korea. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of TC water extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation is not well-known. Therefore, this study was performed to identify the anti-inflammatory effect of TC on LPS induced inflammatory. Methods : RAW 264.7 cells were treated with 500 ng/mL of LPS. Water extracts of TC (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 mg/ml) was treated 1 h prior to LPS. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Levels of nitric oxide (NO) were measured with Griess reagent and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). We also examined molecular mechanisms such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-B (NF-κB) activation by western blot. Results : Water Extract from TC itself did not have any cytotoxic effect in RAW 264.7 cells. TC treatment inhibited the production of NO production, and pro-inflamamtory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β on protein and mRNA levels. In addition, TC treatment inhibited the LPS-induced activation of MAPKs such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 kinases (p38), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and NF-κB. Conclusions : In summary, our result suggest that treatment of TC could reduce the LPS-induced inflammation. Thereby, TC could be used as a protective agent against inflammation. Also, this study could give a clinical basis that TC could be a drug or agent to prevent inflammation.

Silibinin polarizes Th1/Th2 immune responses through the inhibition of immunostimulatory function of dendritic cells

Lee, Jun Sik,Kim, Sang Gap,Kim, Hyung Keun,Lee, Tae-Hyung,Jeong, Young-Il,Lee, Chang-Min,Yoon, Man-Soo,Na, Yong Jin,Suh, Dong-Soo,Park, Nam Cheol,Choi, In-hak,Kim, Gi-Young,Choi, Yung Hyun,Chung, Hae Liss 2007 Journal of Cellular Physiology Vol.210 No.2

<P>Silibinin is the primary active compound in silymarin. It has been demonstrated to exert anti-carcinogenic effects and hepato-protective effects. However, the effects of silibinin on the maturation and immunostimulatory activities exhibited by dendritic cells (DCs) remain, for the most part, unknown. In this study, we have attempted to determine whether silibinin can influence surface molecule expression, dextran uptake, cytokine production, capacity to induce T-cell differentiation, and the signaling pathways underlying these phenomena in murine bone marrow-derived DCs. Silibinin was shown to significantly suppress the expression of CD80, CD86, MHC class I, and MHC class II in the DCs, and was also associated with impairments of LPS-induced IL-12 expression in the DCs. Silibinin-treated DCs proved highly efficient with regard to Ag capture via mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis. Silibinin also inhibited the LPS-induced activation of MAPKs and the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit. Additionally, silibinin-treated DCs evidenced an impaired induction of Th1 response, and a normal cell-mediated immune response. These findings provide new insight into the immunopharmacological functions of silibinin, especially with regard to their impact on the DCs. These findings expand our current understanding of the immunopharmacological functions of silibinin, and may prove useful in the development of therapeutic adjuvants for acute and chronic DC-associated diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 210: 385–397, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>

Anti-inflammatory potential of saponins derived from cultured wild ginseng roots in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages

GYEONG-JIN, YU,IL-WHAN, CHOI,GI-YOUNG, KIM,BYUNG-WOO, KIM,CHEOL, PARK,SU-HYUN, HONG,SUNG-KWON, MOON,HEE-JAE, CHA,YOUNG-CHAE, CHANG,KEE YOEUP, PAEK,WUN-JAE, KIM,YUNG HYUN, CHOI UNKNOWN 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.35 No.6

<P>Ginseng, namely the root of Panax ginseng Meyer, is a well-known traditional medicine that has been used in Asian countries for thousands of years. Ginseng saponins have been shown to exert a variety of prominent pharmacological effects in a number of diseases. The aim of the present study was to identify the anti-inflammatory effects of total saponins extracted from cultured wild ginseng roots (TSWG) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. An elevated production of nitric oxide (NO) was detected in the RAW 264.7 cells in response to stimulation with LPS, as shown by NO detection assay using Griess reagent. However, pretreatment with TSWG inhibited the production of NO through the suppression of inducible NO synthase gene expression. Furthermore, the LPS-induced gene expression and production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) were significantly reduced by treatment with TSWG, as shown by ELISA, and western blot analysis and RT-PCR, respectively. In the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) was translocated from the cytosol to the nucleus, while pre-treatment with TSWG induced the sequestration of NF-kappa B in the cytosol through the inhibition of the inhibitor of kappa B degradation, as shown by immunofluorescence staining. TSWG also contributed to the down-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and Akt in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, in the TSWG-treated RAW 264.7 cells, we observed the activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and an increase in heme oxygenase-1 expression; these effects were associated with the inhibition of the generation of reactive oxygen species. The results from the present study indicate that TSWG exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, suggesting that TSWG may be an effective therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases and prevent cellular damage induced by oxidative stress.</P>