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Infectivity of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Prospective Cohort Study in the Korean Metropolitan Area
Seok Hyeri,Lim Seungkwan,Kim Ji-Yeon,Park Chul Hee,Kim Joon Ho,Woo Myoung Lyeol,Won Hyejin,Kang Yu Min,Oh Hong Sang,Song Kyoung-Ho,Jung Yun Jung,Kim Tark,Jo Soonam,Choi Won Suk 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.14
Background: Although several characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an ongoing pandemic disease, have been identified, data on the infectivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are limited. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the infectivity of SARSCoV-2 based on data of all patients diagnosed with COVID-19 confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction test from January to April 2020 in Gyeonggi-do, the largest province in Korea. Results: Of the 502 patients, 298 consisting of 106 clusters with 5,909 contacts were included. Of these, 277 (93.0%) were symptomatic, and the most common symptoms were cough, fever, sputum, sore throat, and headache. A total of 94 patients (31.5%) had pneumonia, while 8 (2.7%) died during the follow-up period. The secondary attack rate (SAR) in the study population was 3.5% (204/5,909). In exposure settings, the SAR was higher in religious gathering (13.5% [95% confidence interval, 10.7–16.8%]), workplaces (8.49% [95% CI, 6.08–11.74%]), and schools (6.38% [95% CI, 3.39–11.69%]) than in health care facilities (1.92% [95% CI, 1.45–2.55%]). Sore throat at any period, dyspnea at diagnosis or any period, lower cycle threshold value in the lower respiratory tract samples, leukocytosis, and higher bilirubin levels were associated with higher infectivity of COVID-19. The presence of symptoms was not related to the infectivity. Conclusion: In establishing the infection control strategies for COVID-19, the variables associated with high infectivity may be considered.
Eun-Byeol Jo,Eun Jung Lee,Hyeri Won,Sunyoon Jung,Hee-Kyong Son,Jung-Heun Ha,Misook Kim,Youngseung Lee,Yoonhwa Jeong 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10
NAFLD is now widely agreed as a metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Accumulation of excess fats in the liver elevates free fatty acids as a first hit and the prolonged first hit may triggers the second hit (i.e. oxidative stress, inflammation and/or ER stress). Gryllus bimaculatus (GB) contains a great sources of protein, unsaturated fatty acids, and essential fatty acids which possesses anti-oxidative and -inflammatory properties. Therefore, we raised an extended research hypothesis that GB would prevent tunicamycin-inducible ER stress and relevant pathological consequences. Regardless of GB consumption, tunicamycin injection induced a catabolic process by decreasing serum triglycerides, cholesterols and free fatty acids, but increased an anabolic process by increasing hepatic TG accumulation. Interestingly, hepatic ApoB, a strong predictor of inflammatory status, mRNA expression was suppressed by the GB supplementation. Therefore, we logically postulated that GB would prevent second hit in NAFLD; therefore, we focused on hepatic ER stress. As our expectation, GB consumption remarkably attenuated hepatic BiP, a cytosolic chaperone protein, expression.
( Da Eun Kim ),( Hyeri Yang ),( Won Hee Jang ),( Kyoung Mi Jung ),( Miyoung Park ),( Jin Kyu Choi ),( Mi Sook Jung ),( Eun Young Jeon ),( Yong Heo ),( Kyung Wook Yeo ),( Ji Hoon Jo ),( Jung Eun Park ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2016 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.26 No.-
In order for a novel test method to be applied for regulatory purposes, its reliability and relevance, I.e., reproducibility and predictive capacity, must be demonstrated, Here, we examine the predictive capacity of a novel non-radioisotopic local lymph node assay, LLNA:BrdU-FCM (5-bromo-2`-deoxyuridine-flow cytome-try), with a cutoff approach and inferential statistics as a prediction model. 22 reference substances in OECDTG429 were tested with a concurrent positive control. Hexylcinnamaldehyde 25%(PC), and the stimulation index(SI) representing the fold increase in lymph node cells over the vehicle control was obtained. The optimal cutoff SI(2.7≤cutoff<3.5), with respect to predictive capacity, was obtained by a receiver operating character-istic curve, which produced 90.9% accuracy for the 22 substances. To address the inter-test variability in respon-siveness, SI values standardized with PC were employed to obtain the optimal percentage cutoff(42.6≤Cutoff<57.3%of PC), which produced 86.4% accuracy. A test subastance may be diagnosed as a sensitizer if a statistically significant increase in Si is elicited. The parametric one-sided t-test and non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test produced 77.3% accuracy. Similarly, a test substance could be defined as a sensitizer if the SI means of the vehicle control, and of the low, middle, and high concentrations were statistically significantly different, which was test-ed using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis, with post hoc analysis, Dunnett, or DSCF(Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner), respectively, depending on the equal variance test, producing 81.8% accuracy. The absolute SI-based cutoff approach produced the best predictive capacity, however the discordant decisions between prediction models need to be examined further.
Kang, Hyery,Koh, Dong-Yeun,Ahn, Yun-Ho,Jung, Seonghoon,Park, Jaehun,Lee, Jaehyoung,Lee, Huen American Chemical Society 2015 Journal of chemical and engineering data Vol.60 No.2
<P>Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) was used to observe the tetrahydrofuran (THF) clathrate hydrate system with dosage of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with three different average molecular weights (10 000 g/mol, 40 000 g/mol, and 360 000 g/mol). Distinct footprints of phase transition in the THz region (0.4 THz to 2.2 THz) were analyzed and absorption coefficients and complex refractive indices are obtained and compared in the temperature range of 253 to 288 K. Along with the optical properties, ring breathing and stretching modes for different molecular weights of PVP in THF hydrate are analyzed by Raman spectroscopy.</P>
Lee, Hyeri,Riu, Myoungjoo,Kim, Eunhye,Moon, Joon-Kwan,Choi, Hoon,Do, Jung-A,Oh, Jae-Ho,Kwon, Ki-Sung,Lee, Young Deuk,Kim, Jeong-Han 한국응용생명화학회 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.2
A single residue analytical method was developed for herbicide chlorpropham in various crops. Brown rice, apple, mandarin, Kimchi cabbage, green pepper, potato, and soybean were selected as representative crops, and clean-up system, partition solvent, and extraction solvent were optimized. For high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), $C_{18}$ column was used with elution solvents of water and acetonitrile. Limit of quantitation (LOQ) of chlorpropham was 2 ng (S/N >20), and excellent linearity ($R^2$=1.000) was achieved. Method limit of quantitation (MLOQ) was 0.02 mg/kg. For recovery tests, crop samples were macerated and fortified with chlorpropham standard solution at three fortification levels (MLOQ, 10 MLOQ, and 100 MLOQ). And then those were extracted with acetonitrile, concentrated and partitioned with n-hexane. The n-hexane layer was then concentrated, cleaned-up through Florisil$^{(R)}$ column with ethyl acetate:n-hexane (5:95, v/v) prior to concentration and analysis with HPLC. Good recoveries from 76.8 to 107.9% with coefficients of variation of less than 10% were obtained, regardless of sample type, which satisfies the criteria of Korea Food and Drug Administration. Those results were confirmed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The method established in this study could be applied to most of crops as an official and general method for the analysis of chlorpropham residue.