교육과정 개혁과 학습문화

서경혜,이주연,현성혜,이자연,심수원,김지혜 한국교육과정학회 2007 교육과정연구 Vol.25 No.3

Teaching and Learning Mathematical Symbolism from a Constructivist Perspective

Seo, Kyoung-Hye 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2003 East west education Vol.20 No.-

The present study explores the ways of promoting children's understanding of mathematical symbolism from a constructivist perspective. First, this study examines general tenets of constructivism and more specifically, radical and sociocultural constructivist perspectives. Second, based on a constructivist perspective, it reconceptualizes what it means to know mathematical symbolism. Finally, it explores a constructivist approach to teaching mathematical symbolism. In doing so, the present study offers constructivist teaching methods and strategies for meaningful learning of mathematical symbolism.

숲 체험에서의 수학탐구활동이 유아의 수학능력에 미치는 영향

이혜경 ( Lee Hye-kyoung ) 숭실대학교 인문과학연구소 2014 인문학연구 Vol.43 No.-

본 연구는 숲 체험에서의 수학탐구활동이 유아의 수학능력에 미치는 영향을 확인하는데 목적이 있다. 따라서 다음과 같은 연구문제를 설정하였다. 1) 숲 체험에서의 수학탐구활동이 유아의 수학능력에 어떠한 영향을 미 치는가? 2) 숲 체험에서의 수학탐구활동이 유아의 수학능력 하위요소(대수, 수와 연산, 기하, 측정)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 본 연구는 경기도 시흥시에 위치한 K유치원에서 무선 표집한 만5세 유아 총 40명을 대상으로 하였으며, 사전검사를 통해 동질성을 확인한 후 실험을 적용하고 사후검사를 실시하였다. 검사도구로는 황해익, 최혜진(2007)의 ‘유아그림수학능력검사’를 사용하였으며, 실험도구로는 숲 체험에서의 수학탐구활동 프로그램을 사용하였다. 숲 체험에서의 수학탐구활동은 실험집단을 대상으로 9주간 총 14회 이루어졌다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0 프로그램으로 t-test를 실시하여 집단 간 차이 검증을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 숲 체험에서의 수학탐구활동을 실시한 실험집단이 통제집단보다 수학능력향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 타나났다. 둘째, 숲 체험에서의 수학탐구활동은 유아수학능력의 하위요소인 수와 연산에서 유의미한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났으나, 대수, 기하, 측정능력 향상에는 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과, 숲 체험에서의 수학탐구활동은 유아의 수학능력향상에 도움이 되는 효과적인 프로그램인 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 좀 더 장기적인 기간을 두고 수학능력의 요소가 적절히 배치된 숲 체험에서의 수학탐구활동프로그램을 적용해 본다면, 본 실험에서 평균점수는 향상되었으나 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 얻지 못한 수와 연산에서도 긍정적인 결과를 얻어 유아의 수학능력 향상에 더욱 효과적인 수업전략이 될 것이다. The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of mathematical inquiry activity in forest experience on young children's mathematical ability. Accordingly, the following research problems were established. First, Which influence does mathematical inquiry activity in forest experience have on young children's mathematical ability? Second, Which influence does mathematical inquiry activity in forest experience have on sub-elements(algebra, number and operation, geometry, measurement) in young children's mathematical ability? The participants of this study were 40 5years old children who were selected randomly at K kindergarten where is located in Siheung-si, Gyeonggi Province. Post-test was carried out by applying it to experiment after confirming homogeneity through pre-test. A test tool was used ‘Pictorial Math Ability Test for Young Children’ by Hwang Hae-ik and Choe Hye-jin(2007). Experimental tool was used a program of mathematical inquiry activity in forest experience. The mathematical inquiry activity in forest experience was composed of totally 14 times for 9 weeks targeting the experimental group. The collected data were carried out t-test with SPSS 18.0 program and were verified group-based difference. The results of this study, they are as follows. First, compared to the control group, the experimental group with execution of mathematical inquiry activity in forest experience was indicated to have positive influence upon improvement in mathematical ability. Second, the mathematical inquiry activity in forest experience was indicated to fail to have significant influence upon number and operation, which is sub-element of young children's mathematical ability, but was shown to have positive influence upon improvement in ability of algebra, geometry, measurement. As a result of this study, the mathematical inquiry activity in forest experience was confirmed to be effective program of being conducive to improvement in young children's mathematical ability. Accordingly, given trying to apply the program of mathematical inquiry activity in forest experience, which is suitably distributed the elements of mathematical ability, with having a little longer term, a positive outcome will be obtained even in number and operation that failed to obtain statistically signifiant result even if the mean score was enhanced in this study, resulting in being more effective teaching strategy for improving young children's mathematical ability.

훈증소독에 따른 서화류의 안료변색 및 pH변화 유무 조사

유혜영,김경수,이용희 국립중앙박물관 1999 박물관보존과학 Vol.1 No.-

문화재의 생물피해 예방에 주로 활용되는 壎蒸消毒[메틸브로마이드와 에틸렌옥사이드 혼합 가스]이 書畵類에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대하여 간략한 調査를 실시하였다. 彩色이 있는 조선시대 古地圖와 繪畵 등 13점을 대상으로 훈증소독 前과 後의 顔料의 變色 또는 退色의 有無 그리고 종이의 pH변화 등에 대하여 測定하였다. 그 結果 旣存의 문화재 훈증소독 適用基準[가스의 湯度, 暴露시간 등]을 지킨 조건에서는 안료의 변·퇴색 현상을 발견하지 못했으며 종이의 酸性化에도 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. This is a brief study on the influence of fumigation (using mixed gas of methyl bromide and ethylene oxide) on old paintings. Fumigation is principally used to prevent biological damage of objects. Thirteen objects, including old colored map from Choson Dynasty and some paintings, were selected for this research. Before and after fumigation, color measurements were made and changes of pH value were measured. The result is that the fumigation did not affect on discoloration of colored area and acidity of paper, as far as the standard of application (such as concentration of gas, exposing time and ect.) of fumigation was kept.

한국과 미국의 초등학교 수학 교과서 비교 분석 연구 : 규칙성과 함수를 중심으로 The Korean National Curriculum, Everyday Mathematics, and Investigations in Number, Data, and Space Curriculum

서경혜 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교육과학연구소 2003 교육과학연구 Vol.34 No.1

본 연구에서는 규칙성과 함수를 중심으로 우리나라의 제 7차 초등학교 수학 교과서와 미국의 Everyday Mathematics와 Investigations in Number, Data, and Space Curriculum을 비교 분석하였다. 분석은 규칙성과 함수 내용의 범위와 계열에 초점을 두었다. 세 교과서를 비교 분석한 결과, 규칙성과 함수 내용과 다른 수학 내용 영역들 간의 연계성과 규칙성과 함수내용의 계열성이 가장 큰 차이점으로 나타났다. Everyday Mathematics와 Investigations Curriculum 의 경우, 규칙성과 함수 내용이 수, 연산, 도형, 측정 등 수학의 전 영역을 걸쳐 다루어 졌고, 핵심 내용이 반복적으로 소개되면서 학년이 올라감에 따라 심화·확대되었다. 이에 반해 우리나라의 초등학교 수학 교과서의 경우, 규칙성과 함수 내용과 다른 영역들 간의 연계성이 부족한 편이었고 내용의 체계적인 계열성 또한 부족한 편이었다. 세 교과서 비교 분석은 우리나라 초등학교 수학 교과서에서 다루고 있는 규칙성과 함수 내용의 범위와 계열성과 관련하여 몇가지 시사점을 제공한다. 첫째, 규칙성과 함수 내용과 다른 내용 영역들 간의 연계성이 요구된다 수와 연산, 도형, 측정 등 여섯 개의 영역에서 다루는 내용이 배타적일 것이 아니라 중요한 수학 내용에 대한 통합적인 접근이 필요하다. 둘째, 규칙성과 함수 내용의 보다 체계적인 계열성이 요구된다. 우리나라 초등학교 수학 교과서는 내용이 한번 가르쳐지고 다음 내용으로 넘어가는 단선형 조직 방식을 이용하고 있는데 이와 함께 중요한 내용이 반복 심화 확대되는 나선형 조직 방식도 필요하다. 그리하여 학습자가 중요한 내용을 배울 수 있는 충분한 기회와 시간을 제공해야 할 것이다. The present study examined three elementary school mathematics textbooks - the 7th Korean national elementary school mathematics textbooks, Everyday Mathematics, and Investigations in Number, Data, and Space Curriculum - focusing on the patterns and functions. The results showed a great difference in teaching patterns and function between the Korean and American mathematics textbooks. The Korean elementary school mathematics textbooks showed a lack of sequence and integration in teaching patterns and functions. In contrast, Everyday Mathematics and Investigations Curriculum exhibited a systematic and integrated approach to teaching patterns and functions. Pattern and function concepts and skills were taught from the kindergarten years and extended and deepened throughout the elementary school years. Further, patterns and function concepts and skills were taught in other content domains, for example, number, measurement, geometry, and so on. Thus these textbooks provided students with opportunities to learn patterns and functions from various perspectives. These three textbooks took different approaches to teaching patterns and functions in elementary schools. Each approach had its own strengths and weakness. Nevertheless, the findings of this comparative analysis suggest that the Korean mathematics textbooks needed a more sequential and integrated approach to teaching patterns and functions.

제 7차 초등학교 수학 교육과정 내용 체계 분석 : Focusing on the Continuity, Sequence, and Integration of Mathematical Content

서경혜,유솔아,정진영 한국초등교육학회 2003 초등교육연구 Vol.16 No.2

교육과정 개정 때마다 수학 내용의 적정화가 중점 사항으로 제시되어 왔음에도 수학 내용의 양과 수준의 문제는 여전히 쟁점으로 남아있다. 이는 수학 내용의 적정화 문제를 내용의 양을 축소하고 수준을 하향 조정하는 기존의 방식으로 해결할 수 없음을 보여준다. 본 연구는 수학 내용의 적정화 문제를 내용 조직의 관점에서 접근해야 한다는 가정 하에 제 7차 초등학교 수학 교육과정의 수학 내용 조직에 관한 분석을 목적으로 하였다. 내용 조직에 대한 분석은 연속성, 계열성, 통합성의 원리에 근거하였다. 분석 결과 현행 초등학교 수학 교육과정의 내용 조직은 일회성, 단절성, 배타성의 특징을 띠고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 주요 수학내용이 대체로 한번 가르쳐지고 마는 편이었으며 현재 다루어지고 있는 내용이 전에 가르쳤던 내용과 그리고 앞으로 소개될 내용과 어떻게 연결되는지 내용의 위계를 찾기 어려운 경우가 많았다. 또한 여러 내용 영역들이 통합적으로 조작되어 내용 체계를 이루기보다는 서로 배타적으로 병립하고 있는 경향을 보였다. 수학 내용의 적정화를 위해서 수학 내용을 엄선하는 것 뿐 아니라 선정된 내용을 연속성, 계열성, 통합성의 원리에 근거하여 체계적으로 조직하는 작업이 요구된다. The present study examined the Korean elementary school mathematics curriculum focusing on the organization of mathematical content. The result showed a lack of continuity, sequence, and integration of mathematical content. Mathematical concepts and skills are usually introduced once with little relation to previously taught concepts and skills. In addition, six content domains - numbers and operations, geometry, measurement, patterns and functions, probability and statistics, and symbols - tend to be mutually exclusive, showing students little connections among six domains. Therefore, the present study suggests that important mathematical concepts are extended and deepened throughout the elementary school years so that students are provided with ample time and opportunities to learn important mathematical concepts and skills. Further, mathematical content domains need to be closely related and so important mathematical concepts are taught in several content domains from various perspectives. In doing so, the curriculum can help students develop an in-depth understanding of important mathematical concepts.

아파트 주차장 관리 사례연구

강혜경 東義大學校 生活科學硏究所 2003 生活科學論集 Vol.7 No.-

We pay some cost for maintenance and management of an apartment parking-lot. The researcher investigated the case of L apartment parking-lot Pusan. The results are summarized as follows. ① The difference of 7% of car increase rate from very rapid decrese rate of parking-lot can not be explained. We can solve this problem like this, parking-prohibition of non-apt residents' cars etc. ② Sticker which cannot be copied is needed.

자아동일성의 상징적 모티프 William Faulkner의 The Sound and the Fury를 중심으로

韓惠卿 同德女子大學校 1987 同大論叢 Vol.17 No.1

In the Yoknapatawpha novels, William Faulkner dramatizes essentially a deterioration from the past to the present. A tragic sense of loss then always derives from the process of the deterioration. And it has, in fact, something to do with man's self-identity. The Sound and the Fury is initially the degeneration of the Compson family, but it is also, by extension, ultimately the disintegration of modern man who is suffering from the lack of his self. The Compsons, particularly Benjy and Quentin are living in the midst of decay with the glories of the family's past. They are in bondage to the past through a failure of connection with true time. They seem to live with ghosts. They move blindly as if they were shadows. They lose the ability to act in terms of "the actual," and to think in terms of "the possible." It is notable that Faulkner expresses stylistically "i" instead of "I" in the end of Quentin's monologue to show how pervasive is Quentin's fatal lack of identity. Faulkner discovers an ingenious way for representing the images, especially "time," "shadoe," and "death" as metaphors and for giving the unity to the novel's tragic theme. And he manages to keep a dramatic intensity very rarely equalled. Throughout The Sound and the Fury none of these central images exists alone; they are nicely interconnected. These images are essentially signs of something within the Compsons which brings each of them to final ruin. Fundamentally "time" marked by the watch is demonstrated to be indeed the reducto absurdum of all human experience. "Shadow" is but the recorder of the inescapable passage of time. The fact that the changing length of his own shadow makes him nervous proves that Quentin cannot face the passage of time. Consequently "time" and "shadow" combine to remind us "death." After all, "time," "shadow," and "deatj" are the ultimate realities man cannot escape. The title of The Sound and the Fury, which Faulkner derives from Shakespeare's Macbeth, provides a true key to the understanding of the book. Macbeth's words, "It[Life] is a tale/Told by an idiot, full of sound, and fury/Signifying nothing," offer an excellent commentary upon the meaning and the structure of The Sound and the Fury. Exactly the same ideas are stated by Mr. Compson whose cynical and pessimistic remarks open and close the Quentin section, which underlies the whole book. It is therefore Mr. Compson whose values finally prevail in The Sound and the Fury. Persistently casting shadows, the "watch" Mr.Compson gives to Quentin and calls "the mausoleum of all hope and desire" turns out to be just that. Finally, throughout The Sound and the Fury the motifs, "time," "shadow," and "death" deterministically help to reveal nihilism as the meaning of the whole.

중년기 주부의 구매동기에 관한 실증적 연구 : 식기류를 중심으로

강혜경 東義大學校 生活科學硏究所 2001 生活科學論集 Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of this study was 1) to analyze the characteristics of middle-aged wives who were divided into two groups, 2) to investigate purchase motives of middle-aged wives in buying tablewares. Wives aged 40 through 64 residing in Busan were questionnaired. A total of 452 out of 600 were used as data of this study, analyzed based on statistical methods which include frequency, percentile, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, cronbach's α coefficient and ANOVA. The major findings were summarized as follows. First, the higher education and income level was, the higher purchase motives were. Second, the higher level of income satisfaction and sense of comparison was, the more advertising had influence on purchasing motives.

이사도라 던컨의 무용사상과 그 현대적 의의

임혜자,장경진 韓國舞踊敎育學會 1996 韓國舞踊敎育學會誌 Vol.6 No.-

As the 20th century sets in, beauty of dance was becoming more formalized and excessively specialized. Attempts to get not of dissatisfaction with this tendency brought about the birth of modern dance which tried to express the stream of movements by using all parts of body, fully free from forms techniques, music, shoes and dresses. Thanks to its unique characteristic of making dance part of a human life for children, adults, laymen and professional dancers, modern dance has had immense effects on the field of dance as an education-purposed dance. The root of the so-called modern dance must be found in the history of American modern dance, and the origin of modern dance must be attributed to Isadora Duncan's ideology on dance. To understand Duncan's ideology on dance, this study tried to investigate her true character based on her autobiography entitled "MY LIFE". In addition, this study tried to explore the origin of her dance and its meaning by understanding Duncan herself and her ideology In order to illuminate her marvelous traces and brilliant lessons for today's dance development, this study drew the following conclusion from its findings about her life and ideology. Duncan suggested possibility of dance to develop into an independent art free from music, literature, or fine art by discovering the intrinsic meaning of physical movements. She also expanded the scape of expression abilities of dance by discovering the world of mind. Since Duncan's dance is characterized as expression of human emotions, she should be seen as the pioneer of our today's 'modern dance'. In addition, she was not only the founder of modern dance having systematic techniques but also a great revolutionary who awoke the then dance world by introducing a new choreography. From the perspective of dance history, Duncan's ideology on dance provided the basis to construct the underlying principle of 'modern dance'. Based on this conclusion, this study made the following suggestions, first, under the lifetime education philosophy, dance education should be restructured, escaping from the current technique-based education for fostering professional dancers, to introduce a new concept that dance is part of routine human life, second, since Duncan's spirit of dance based on soul expression through natural movements, not on techniques, casts a great meaning to modern dance education, the mission of modern dancers, choreographers, and educators is to inherit Duncan's spirit by keeping and developing a living dance.