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EXTERNAL COSTS OF INLAND CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION
Paul T-W Lee,Kai-Chieh Hu,Tao Chen,Jo-Ping Hsiung 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2008 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.3
This paper aims to explore the external costs of inland container transportation in Taiwan, by analyzing the origin and destination of current container cargo in Taiwan, after reviewing an extensive literature survey of methods of external costs. A comparison of external costs between truck and SSS by corridor is made by using a model developed in this paper. Based on the findings that external costs of SSS is considerably lower than truck transport mode and can be an alternative of modal split for current inland container cargo transportation, we discuss the significance and managerial implications of SSS from the perspective of green logistics. In so doing, a top-down approach is employed for developing government policies, which aim to not only reduce the external costs of inland container transportation but also promote SSS in Taiwan.
Mini-Review : The cAMP/Protein Kinase A Pathway and Virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans
( James W. Kronstad ),( Guang Gan Hu ),( Jae Hyuk Choi ) 한국균학회 2011 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.39 No.3
The basidiomycete fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is an important pathogen of immunocompromised people. The ability of the fungus to sense its environment is critical for proliferation and the generation of infectious propagules, as well as for adaptation to the mammalian host during infection. The conserved cAMP/protein kinase A pathway makes an important contribution to sensing, as demonstrated by the phenotypes of mutants with pathway defects. These phenotypes include loss of the ability to mate and to elaborate the key virulence factors capsule and melanin. This review summarizes recent work that reveals new targets of the pathway, new phenotypic consequences of signaling defects, and a more detailed understanding of connections with other aspects of cryptococcal biology including iron regulation, pH sensing, and stress.