The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Chun, Yoon-Keun,Ha, Joo-hun,Hong-Jung-Woo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Kim, Sung-Soo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yoon-Keun Chun¹,Joohun Ha□Hong-Jung Woo□, Soo Myung Oh□,Sung Soo Kim□ ¹Department of Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,²Department of Surgery, college of Medicine,³Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine,and ⁴East-Weat Medical Reserch Institute,Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 212-230, 1999. -Hepatitis B is caused by hepadnavirus. Hepatitis B virus replicates through 3.5kb pregenomic RNA intermediate which is regulated by core promoter. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus has been bilieved the result of host immune response. But recently many studies have reported that high level of viral replication caused by mutation in core promoter might result in severs hepatitis. But these studies were performed in vitro, not in vivo. So there is yet debate about which factor, viral of host factor, is more important in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus. So we measured real viral replication level in 204 chronic hepatitis B patients by quantifying HBV DNA from sera by our novel PCR-based more sensitive method, and compared these results with ALT level measured from same sera, which indicates liver cell damage. Surprisingly there are no significant correlation between HBV DNA quantity and ALT level. Then we cloned core promoter region. In SSCP, we found that many viral mutants coexist in one patient. Base on SSCP result, we chose main viral core promoter type in each patients, which is thought to determine overall viral replication level in this patient. Main type of core promoter region of each 41 patients were directly sequenced. And with these we measured promoter activity by luciferase assay system and compared promoter activity with on another. We found tha there were some differences in promoter activity according to core promoter sequences. And we constructed replication-competent viral constructs with core promoter from 41 patients and Transfected these into HepG2 cell and measured HBV DNA by southern blot. There were also differences in HBV DNA quantity according to core promoter sequences. On these all results we investigated correlation between the effect of HBV core promoter on viral replication in vitro and HBN DNA quantity, ALT level from sera of each patients. We found there is no significant correlation among them. As a result, we concluded that in determining severity chronic hepatitis B patients, host factors of each patient is more important rather than replicative activity of virus itself.

Critical role of bile acid (BA) in the cellular entry and permissiveness of Hepatitis B virus in vitro

Hong‑Jai Lee,Bo‑Young Shin,Jae‑Seung Moon,Ailyn Fadriquela,Selikem Abla Nuwormegbe,Chun‑Chang Ho,Jin‑Su Shin,Jee‑Sang Yoon,Sang‑Kyou Lee,Soo‑Ki Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.3

Background Lack of universal replication system for hepatitis B virus with narrow host range and organ tropism has hampered to uncover the pathogenesis of HBV. Previously, we reported the essentiality of humoral milieu and its components toward HBV and hepatitis C virus survival/viability in vitro. Of these components, the precise role of enterohepatic humoral milieu such as bile acid (BA) on HBV cultivation in vitro and in vivo is unknown. Objective We explored whether BA, specifically taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) would directly regulate the viral DNA and surface antigen expression of HBV in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. Result We found that higher concentration of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) is able to preserve the genomic stability of HBV in cell-free DMEM, showing higher the surface antigenicity than taurocholic acid (tCA). In line, we found that in vitro cell culture condition (100 μmol/L of tCDCA coupled with 1 × 108 g e/mL HBV) would be optimal for HBV entry into target cells. Using this, human (HepG2, Huh7), and rodent (Hepa1c1c7, H4-II-E) hepatoma cell lines were infected by HBV, as evidenced by the presence of HBV biomarkers (HBsAg, and HBV DNA in culture supernatant, as well as HBcAg in cell). Further, cellular entry test revealed that HBV is able to infect 12 different non-hepatic cell lines regardless of species, and organ/tissue, consequently reproducing progeny as confirmed by HBV biomarkers. Last, reinfection test showed that the progenies of HBV from immortalized HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells are able to enter into each or vice versa naïve HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells with or without BA. Conclusion This study demonstrates that enterohepatic humoral milieu such as BA, specifically tCDCA would directly regulate HBV DNA and its surface antigen expression in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. This is the first note to render HBV permissive to human or rodent hepatic and non-hepatic cells via sole manipulation of humoral milieu, thus establishing the platform for in vitro robust replication system of HBV.

Food Composition Database in Korea

Chun, Hye-Kyung,Park, Hong-Ju,Lee, Sung-Hyeon The Korean Nutrition Society 2004 Nutritional Sciences Vol.7 No.1

The food composition database is used to evaluate the nutritional value of foods in Korea. It is used as a source for basic data in many fields, not only for the establishment of the National Food Supply Plan but also for nutritional research, to aid in the drafting of the National Food Policy, and in clinical and epidemiological research. The database is also used by institutional and commercial food services and by the food processing industry among others. In 1970, the Rural Development Administration(RDA) published the "Korean Food Composition Table" for the first time and it has since become the established authority on food composition for the entire nation. The latest published food composition table (the 6th edition, published by the National Rural Living Science Institute, KDA) covers 2,337 kinds of foods and consists of two volumes. The National Rural Living Science Institute, the Korea Food and Drug Administration, and the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute have continuously improved production of food composition data in Korea. As consumers have grown more interested in the quality and safety of foods and raw agricultural products, we can expect even further development of food composition data through improvements in quality and increases in quantity. We need to develop more comprehensive food composition data by diversifying the kinds of foods that are included, unifying analytical methods, and increasing the number of nutrients covered. Moreover, food composition data must be modified in other ways to make for a better food composition database for the convenience of users. of users.

Active Targeting of Tumor Cells using Light Emitting Bacteria

( Sung Min Moon ),( Jung Joon Min ),( Yeong Jin Hong ),( Hyun Ju Kim ),( Uyenchi N. Le ),( Joon Haeng Rhee ),( Ho Chun Song ),( Young Jun Heo ),( Hee Seung Bom ),( Hyon E. Choy ) 대한핵의학회 2004 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.38 No.5

Different Course of Narcolepsy Diagnosed by Multiple Sleep Latency Test: A Single Center Experience

Chun Hong-Shik,Kim Sung-Min,Kim Tae Won,Um Yoo Hyun,Jeong Jong-Hyun,Seo Ho-Jun,Hong Seung-Chul 대한수면학회 2022 sleep medicine research Vol.13 No.3

Background and Objective Several studies have raised questions about determining the diagnosis of the narcolepsy using multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). In this study, we investigated the diagnostic change in narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) and narcolepsy type 2 (NT2) using MSLT with long-term interval.Methods In this retrospective study, the demographic characteristics, polysomnography (PSG), and MSLT parameters were compared at the baseline between the NT1 and NT 2 patients. Then, MSLT re-tests were conducted with a mean follow-up of 8.48 years in patients with NT 1 and 7.05 years with NT 2.Results Seventy-four patients (58 with NT1 and 16 with NT2) were investigated in this study. At the baseline, demographic data showed a larger body mass index value, more sleep paralysis, and hypnogogic hallucination in NT 1 compared to NT 2. Also, at baseline MSLT, shorter mean sleep latency and higher number of sleep onset rapid eye movement periods (SOREMPs) were observed in the NT 1 than those of the NT 2. On follow-up MSLT, 6.9% (n = 4) patients with NT1 and 50% (n = 8) patients with NT2 did not satisfy the previous diagnosis. Furthermore, in all the groups who had the change in repeated-MSLT, the groups with less than 2 SOREMPs observed to be accompanied by negative MSL at follow-up.Conclusions The result of MSLT was observed not to be stable in the diagnosis of NT 2 at the study. Therefore, it is recommended to repeat MSLT at regular intervals and do a prospective multi-site survey for the accurate confirmation of a diagnosis of central hypersomnia.

Analysis of physiological effects of GDNF on embryonic, adult and aging substantia nigra-dopaminergic neurons

Hong Sung Chun(전홍성) 한국생물공학회 2004 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2004 No.10

Geomorphology and Volcaniclastic Deposits around Dokdo: Dokdo Caldera

Chun, Jong-Hwa,Cheong, Dae-Kyo,Park, Chan-Hong,Huh, Sik,Han, Sang-Joon Korea Institute of Ocean ScienceTechnology 2002 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.24 No.4

Detailed investigations on both submarine and subaerial volcaniclastic deposits around Dokdo were carried out to identify geomorphologic characteristics, stratigraphy, and associated depositional processes of Dokdo caldera. Dokdo volcano has a gently sloping summit (about 11km in diameter) and relatively steep slope (basal diameter is about 20-25 km) rising above sea level at about 2,270m. We found ragged, elliptical-form of Dokdo caldera with a diameter of about 2km estimated by Chirp (3-11 kHz) sub-bottom profile data and side scan sonar data for the central summit area of Dokdo volcano. We interpreted that the volcaniclastic deposits of Dokdo unconformably consist of the Seodo (west islet) and the Dongdo(east islet) formations based on internal structure, constituent mineral composition, and bedding morphology. The Seodo Formation mainly consisted of massive or inversely graded trachytic breccias (Unit S-I), overlain by fine-grained tuff (Unit S-II), which is probably supplied by mass-wasting processes resulting from Dokdo caldera collapse. The Dongdo Formation consists of alternated units of stratified lapilli tuff and inversely graded basaltic breccia (Unit D-I, Unit D-III, and Unit D-V), and massive to undulatory-bedded basaltic tuff breccias (Unit D-II and Unit D-IV) formed by a repetitive pyroclastic surge and reworking processes. Although, two islets of Dokdo are geographically near each other, they have different formations reflecting their different depositional processes and eruptive stages.

Critical Heat Flux in Uniformly Heated Vertical Annulus Under a Wide Range of Pressures 0.57 to 15.0 MPa

Chun, Se-Young,Chung, Heung-June,Hong, Sung-Deok,Yang, Sun-Kyu,Chung, Moon-Ki Korean Nuclear Society 2000 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.32 No.2

The critical heat flux (CHF)experiments have been carried out in a wide range of pressures for an internally heated vertical annulus. The experimental conditions covered ranges of pressures from 0.57 to 15.01 MPa, mass fluxes of 0 kg/$m^2$s and from 200 to 650 kg/$m^2$s, and inlet subcoolings from 85 to 413 kJ/kg. The characteristics of the present data and the effect of pressure on CHF are discussed. Most of the CHFs were identified to dryout of the liquid film in the annular or annular-mist flow. For the mass flux of 200 kg/$m^2$s, there were the indications that the CHF occurred at the transition from annular to annular-mist How in the pressure range of 3~10 MPa. For the mass fluxes of 550 and 650 kg/$m^2$s, the CHFs had a maximum value at a pressure of 2~3 MPa, and the pressure at the maximum CHF values had a trend moving toward the pressure at the peak value of pool boiling CHF as the mass flux decreased. The CHF data under a zero mass flux condition indicate that both the effects of pressure and inlet subcooling on the CHF were smaller, compared with those on the CHF with net water upward flow.

SRF Combustion Pollutants Impact on Domestic Emissions Assessments

( Sang Kyun Kim ),( Hyung Chun Kim ),( Kee Won Jang ),( Ji Hyung Hong ),( Se Kyung Jang ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2023 I-CIPEC Vol.2012 No.0

An Implementation of a Linear-sensitivity Pressure-sensor System

Sung-Hee Hong,Chun-Hyung Cho 대한전자공학회 2018 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.18 No.2

In this work, we designed and developed an integrated pressure-sensor system with a perfectly linear sensitivity. We used a resistive-type indicator pressure-sensor in order to measure a gas-level which is observed to be inversely proportional to sensor output-resistance. Then, the output resistance was converted into the corresponding voltage which was processed via several sensor-conditioning steps (buffering, level-shifting, amplification). We analyzed the sensitivity errors at level-shifting stage and then proposed the new and simple approach for a perfectly linear-sensitivity in sensor-conditioning processes by using only a constant voltage supply without the potentiometer, which is common in previous works. Even though the sensor output was generally adjusted to the full scale of the reading, we have a perfectly linear sensitivity and the devices fabricated exhibited linear characteristics without any sensitivity error.