유아의 기질과 부모의 언어통제 유형이 유아의 리더십에 미치는 영향

홍희숙(Hee-Sook Hong),장영숙(Young-Sook Jang) 중앙대학교 한국교육문제연구소 2013 한국교육문제연구 Vol.31 No.4

본 연구에서는 유아의 기질과 부모의 언어통제 유형이 유아의 리더십에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 연구대상은 경기도 수원시와 인천시에 소재한 6곳 유치원에 재원 중인 만 4세 유아 250명과 그들의 부모 250명이다. 유아의 기질을 살펴보기 위하여 정인희와 황혜정(2009)에 의해 개발된 부모용 유아 기질 평정척도를 사용하였으며, 부모의 언어통제 유형을 측정하기 위해서는 Bernstein(1971)과 Gumperz(1973)의 연구를 토대로 도혜숙(1997)이 제작한 도구를 사용하였다. 유아의 리더십을 측정하기 위하여 장영숙과 황윤세(2009)에 의해 개발된 교사용 유아 리더십 측정도구를 사용하였다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 유아의 기질과 유아의 리더십의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 유아의 리더십은 유아의 기질의 하위변인 중 반응성, 적응성, 지속성, 전환성과 유의미한 정적 상관을 나타내었다. 둘째, 부모의 언어통제 유형과 유아의 리더십의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 부모의 인성지향적 언어통제와 지위지향적 언어통제는 유아의 리더십과 유의미한 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 유아의 기질과 부모의 언어통제 유형이 유아의 리더십에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 아버지의 인성지향적 언어통제, 아버지의 지위지향적 언어통제, 어머니의 지위지향적 언어통제, 어머니의 인성지향적 언어통제, 유아 기질 중 규칙성과 적응성의 순으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 유아의 리더십을 가장 많이 예언하는 변인은 아버지의 인성지향적 언어통제이었다. 본 연구는 유아의 리더십을 발달시키기 위해서는 유아의 기질에 대한 올바른 이해 뿐 아니라 부모가 바람직한 언어통제 유형을 사용해야 한다는 것을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of young children’s temperament and their parents’ verbal control modes on young children’s leadership. The subjects of this study consisted of 250 young children and their parents in six kindergartens of Incheon and Suwon City. In-Hee Jung and Hae-Jeong Hwang’s young children’s temperament scale for parents(2009) was used for the test of young children’s temperament, and Hae-Sook Do’s instrument(1997) was employed for the evaluation of parents’ verbal control modes. In order to evaluate young children’s leadership, young children’s leadership scale for teachers developed by Young-Sook Jang and Yoon-Se Hwang(2009) was used. The results of the study were as follows. First, responsiveness, adaptability, persistence, and transformation among young children’s temperament were positively correlated with their leadership. Second, for both fathers and mothers, human nature-oriented verbal control mode and position-oriented verbal control mode among parents’ verbal control modes were positively correlated with young children’s leadership. Third, young children’s leadership was most significantly explained by fathers’ human nature-oriented verbal control mode followed by fathers’ position-oriented verbal control mode, mothers’ position-oriented verbal control mode, mothers’ human nature-oriented verbal control mode, young children’s regularity and adaptability. Fathers’ human nature-oriented verbal control mode was the most predictable factor in explaining young children’s leadership. This study showed the importance of desirable use of parents’ verbal control mode as well as better understanding of young children’s temperament for fostering young children’s leadership.

Nifedipine 투여가 선천성 고혈압 쥐의 CYP1A1과 2B1 유도에 미치는 영향

홍영숙,김형래,박혜영,배영숙,박상신 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1995 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.18 No.3

Cytochrome P-450(CYP) enzymes are important in catalyzing the hiotransffrmation on manyendogeneous compounds and xenobiotics, including drugs and carcinogens. In the presentstudy, effect of nifedipine a voltage dependent calcium channel blocker on the induction ofCYP1A1 and 2B1 was investigated. Change of CYP1A1 and 2B1 activities were measuredby using specific enzyme activities and Western blot analysis. CYP1A1, as quantified by ethoxyresorufin-0-deethylase activity and Western blot with monoclonal antibody 1-7-1, increasedin liver microsome of nifedipine-treated spontaneous hypertensive rat(SHR. 30mg/kg.b.w, twicea day for 3days) but not in kidney microsome. CYP2B1, as quantified by benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity and Western blot wit]1 monoclonal antibody 2-66-3, markedly increasedin liver microsome of nifedipine-treated SHR but slightly in kidney microsome. The resultsdemonstrate that nifedipine is a potent inducer of CYP2B1 in SHR.

고령자 남녀와 20대 남녀에 있어서 다양한 등속수축중 최대 모멘트의 비교

金智源(Ji-Won Kim),金相佑(Sang-Woo Kim),文基旭(Ki-Wook Moon),嚴光文(Gwang-Moon Eom),李泳揆(Young-Gyu Lee),南貞淑(Jung-Sook Nam),朴寬龍(Kwan-Yong Park),金耀翰(Yo-Han Kim),洪廷和(Jeong-Hwa Hong),朴炳奎(Bung-Kyu Park) 대한전기학회 2008 전기학회논문지 Vol.57 No.10

In this paper, we investigated the maximum ankle joint plantarflexion moment (MPM) of young and elderly subjects during various modes of isokinetic contractions with special interest in the elderly females who were reported to have higher fall rate than the elderly males. Subjects include the young subjects (14 males: 22.7±2.5yrs, 13 females: 20.5±1.3yrs) and the elderly subjects (17 males: 65.8±10.5yrs, 26 females: 71.4±5.2yrs). The MPM was normalized by each subject's body weight. The MPM of elderly females was the weakest among the groups, particularly, at the eccentric contractions. The male-to-female ratio of MPM was greater in the elderly than in the young and the young-to-elderly ratio of MPM was greater in female than in male, both during the eccentric contractions. The result suggests that the decreased muscle force per body weight, especially at the eccentric contraction, may be one reason for the more frequent fall of the elderly female than the elderly male.

뇌손상 환자에게 적용한 흉부물리요법의 비교연구

홍해숙,최영진 대한기초간호자연과학회 2004 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.6 No.2

The purpose of this study was to compare chest percussion with chest vibration in brain injury patients. 30 patients in SICU of one general hospital in T city were randomely divided by 3 groups and the arterial oxygen tension(PaO2) and the retained secretion were measured. The chest vibration was done among the first group, the chest vibration by hand after the chest percussion was done among the second group and the mechanical chest vibration after the chest percussion was done among the third group. The data was analyzed using SPSS 7.0 (5% significance) and the results are below. 1) It was adopted the hypothesis that the amount of retained secretion of endotracheal suction after stopping the actions among the first, second and the third groups is different from each other. (F=41.62, p=0.00) 2) It was rejected the hypothesis that the arterial oxygen tension(PaO2)s are different from each other among the first, second and third group. (F=1.22, p=0.31) The amount of the retained secretion after chest percussion, chest vibration by hand or mechanical chest vibration was significantly different from each other. Therefore, chest physiotherapy could be regarded as the effective nursing intervention for the unconscieus patients who have the inappropriate airway cleaness and it was more effective to be together than to be alone.

Vitamin A와 E 投與가 2-〔9-^14C〕Acetylaminofluorene과 신장 nuclear DNA와 結合 抑制 效果

洪永淑 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1986 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.37 No.-

웅성 횐쥐(Sprague-Dawley Sstain)에 1,000 I.U vitamin A와 12 I.U vitamin E를 28일 동안 투여하고 2-[9-^14C]·AAF를 일 회복강내로 주사한 후 동물을 희생시키고 신장 nuclei를 분리하여 nuclear monooxygenase system의 활성과 AAF 대사산물과 DNA와의 결합된 adduct를 HPLC를 사용하여 분리 하였다. Vitamin A 및 E와 AAF를 동시 투여한 신장 nuclear cytochrome P-450 활성과 NADPH cytochrome C-reductase 활성이 현저히 감소하였다. 그리고 AAF 대사산물과 신장 nuclear DNA와 결합한 adduct들에 대한 억제 효과는 최종적으로 암을 일으키는 화학물길과의 adduct의 형상을 억제하는 것이다. AAF에 의한 hepatocarcinogen 작용에 대한 vitamin A와 E의 보호작용은 cytochrome P-450과 NADPH cytochrome C-reductase 활성과 신장 nuclear DNA와 AAF 대사물질과 결합을 변화시키므로써 감소 시킨다. Male Sprague-Dawley rat which had been administered vitamin A and E for 28 days and single injected with [9-^(14)C]-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) sacrificed 2hr hereafter. The activation and binding of a hepatocarcinogen, AAF to the nucleic acids of rat kidney nuclei were examined. The pricipitated DNA was enzymatically hydrolyzed purified by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and the adducts were separated by HPLC. The kidney nuclear cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome C reductase in AAF administered rats were increased, whereas these in vitamin A and E fed rats were decreased. The inhibitory ability of vitamin a and E on the binding of AAF to kidney nuclear DNA was markedly inhibited the formation of the proximate carcinogen adduct. The protective effect of vitamin a and E against the hepatocarcinogen action of AAF mediated by decreased cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome C reductase activities and by alteration in the binding of AAF metabolite to kidney nucleic acids.

스테로이드 홀몬에 의한 UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase의 발현과 기질 특이성에 관한 연구

홍영숙,함윤애,이세윤 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1992 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.3 No.-

The cDNA encoding a member of a family of steroid-UDP-glucuronosyltransferases has been cloned and sequenced. The form of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase designed UDPGT_r-5 is one of a number of closely related species encoded by member of multigene family. In this work northern analysis of a new member of this steroid glucuronidation family of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases is revealed by expression of synthetic oligonucleotide of UDPGT_r-5 oligomer hybridization , the 2.3Kb species were active towards androstenedione and retinyl acetate, while UDPGT_r-5 common oligomer active toward retinyl acetate and phenobarbital. Insulin induced RNA was no change 2.3Kb and 3.5Kb in UDPGT_r-5.This resu-lt suggested that the expression of UDPGT, by insulin is controlled at the post translational level. These data showed that UDPGT_r-5 are and rostenedione and retinyl actate UDP-glucuronosyltranferse that is encoded by two mRNAs transcripted from a single gene.

3-Methylcholanthrene 투여와 성장과정이 흰쥐 간조직 microsomal cytochrome P-450 효소계에 미치는 영향

洪永淑,楊謹香 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1988 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.42 No.-

간조직 microsome내 약물대사 효소는 endoplasmic reticulum에 주로 존재하여 세포막과 결합되어 있고 여러 내인적(內因的) 물질과 외인적(外因的)물질 및 많은 다른 이물질 대사에 관여하는 전자전달계로서 작용한다. 또한 이 효소계에는 mixed function oxidase 또는 monooxygenase라 불리우는 중요한 효소군이 존재하며 이들 효소군에는 cytochrome P-450이라는 중요한 성분이 포함되어 있다. Cytochrome P-450은 이 효소계에서 기질과 산소의 결합장소이며 terminal oxidase로 작용한다. 본 실험에서는 3-Methylcholanthrene(3-MC)을 투여하였을 때와, 암컷과 숫컷의 신생, 미성숙 그리고 성숙 흰쥐에서 성별과 성장단계에 따른 micrsomal cytochrome P-450효소계의 활성도변화에 대하여 알고자 하였다. 암컷과 숫컷의 흰쥐 간조직에서 3-MC 투여와 성별 및 성장단계에 따른 cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome C reductase, cytochrome b_5, NADH-cytochrome C reductase, lipid peroxidation, p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase의 활성도 변화를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 3-MC를 흰쥐에 투여하였을 때 hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450의 활성도가 모두 증가되었으며, 성장단계에 따른 활성도는 암컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 신생, 미성숙 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났고 숫컷의 경우에는 미성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 성숙, 신생 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났다. 2. 3-MC를 투여하였을 때 hepatic microsomal NADPH-cytochrome C reductase의 활성도는 모두 증가 되었으며 성장단계에 따른 활성도는 암컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 신생, 미성숙 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났고 숫컷의 경우에는 미성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 성숙, 신생 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났다. 3. 3-MC를 투여하였을 때 hepatic microsomal cytochrome b_5의 활성도는 암컷의 경우 미성숙 성숙 흰쥐에서, 숫컷의 경우 성숙 흰쥐에서 증가되었다. 성장단계에 따른 활성도는 암컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 신생, 미성숙 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났고 숫컷의 경우에는 미성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 성숙, 신생 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났다. 4.3-MC를 투여하였을 때 hepatic microsomal NADH-cytochrome C reductase의 활성도는 암컷의 경우 성숙 흰쥐에서, 숫컷의 경우 미성숙, 성숙 흰쥐에서, 증가되었다. 성장단계에 따른 활성도는 암컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 신생, 미성숙 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났고, 숫컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 미성숙, 신생 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났다. 5. 3-MC를 투여하였을 때 hepatic microsomal lipid peroxide의 형성은 대부분 증가되었으며 성장단계에 따른 활성도는 암컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 미성숙, 신생 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났고 숫컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 미성숙, 신생 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났다. 6. 3-MC를 투여하였을 때 hepatic microsomal p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase의 활성도는 모두 증가되었으며, 성장단계에 따른 활서도는 암컷의 경우에는 성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 신생, 미성숙 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났고 숫컷의 경우에는 미성숙 흰쥐가 세단계중 높고 신생, 성숙 흰쥐의 순서로 나타났다. The effects of 3-Methylcholanthrene (3-MC), sex, and developmental stage on the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzyme system in rats were investigated. The result is as follows. 1. The contents of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 were increased in 3-MC treated rats compared with control. In the three developmental stages of the female and male rats the contents of cytochrome P-450 were highest in the adult female rats followed by neonatal and immature male rats followed by adult and neonatal male rats. 2. The contents of hepatic microsomal NADPH-cytochrome C reductase were increased in 3-MC treated rats compared with control. In the three developmental stages of female and male rats the contents of NADPH-cytochrome C reductase were highest in the adult female rats followed by neonatal and immature female rats in that order and highest in the immature male rats followed by adult and neonatal male rats in that order. 3. The contents of hepatic microsomal cytochrome b_5 were increased in 3-MC treated immature female, adult female and male rats compared with control. In the three developmental stages of the female and male rats the contents of cytochrome b_5 were highest in the adult female rats followed by neonatal and immature female rats in that order and highest in the immature male rats followed by adult and neonatal male rats in that order. 4. The contents of hepatic microsomal NADH-cytochrome C reductase were increased in 3-MC treated adult female, immature male, and adult male rats compared with control. In the three developmental stages of NADH-cytochrome C reductase were highest in the adult female rats followed by neonatal and immature female rats in that order and highest in the adult male rats followed by immature and neonatal male rats in that order. 5. The formations of lipid peroxide were increased in 3-MC treated rats compared with control. In the three developmental stages of female and male rats the formations of lipid peroxide were highest in the adult female rats followed by the immature and neonatal female rats in that order and highest in the adult male rats followed by immature and neonatal male rats in that order. 6. The contents of hepatic microsomal p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase were increased in 3-MC treated rats compared with control. In the three developmental stages of the female and male rats the contents of p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase were highest in the adult female rats followed by the immature and neonatal female rats in that order and highest in the immature male rats followed by the neonatal and adult male rats in that order.

Higenamine이 가토肝組織 Cytochrome酵素系와 Lipid Peroxidation에 미치는 影響

洪永淑,裵玲淑 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1985 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.36 No.-

미나리아재비과에 속하는 다년생 식물인 부자는 한방에서 강심, 이뇨 및 진통등의 목적으로 사용되어 왔다. 이들 부자屬 식물의 잎, 줄기 및 뿌리에는 aconitine계 알칼로이드들이 다량 함유되어 있으며 이들은 독성이 매우 강하다. 이 부자에서 강심작용이 있는 higenamine이 분리되였다. 분리된 higenamine의 강심효과 뿐만 아니라 간조직 microsomal cytochrome enzyme system에 미치는 효과를 관찰 하고자 하였다. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450과 NADPH-cytochrome C reductase함량 그리고 p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase의 활성과 lipid peroxidation을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 가토 뇌측실내로 higenamine을 주입한 후 hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450함량과 NADPH-cytochrome C reductase활성은 감소 하였고 haloperidol과 bethanechol 투여군에서는 이들의 활성이 증가되였다. Hepatic microsomal p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase활성은 증가되었고 haloperidol 단독 투여군이 가장 많이 증가되였다. Hepatic microsomal lipid peroxide형성은 증가 되였으나 haloperidol과 bethanechol단독 투여군은 감소 되였다. 이상과 같이 가토 뇌측실내로 higenamine투여는 강심효파 뿐만아니라 hepatic microsomal cytochrome 효소계에도 영향을 미침을 알수 있었다 Aconitic root from Aconitum japonicum has long been used as one of the most important herbs as a heart stimulant, diuretic agent, and anodyne in Chinese medicine. Higenamine, which has recently been isolated from the Aconitic root, would have agonistic activity. The effect of centrally administered Higenamine by concomitant administration of haloperidol and bethanechol on the cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome C reductase, p-Nitroanisole-O-demethylase and lipid peroxidation in the rabbit hepatic microsomes were determined. Marked decrease of cytochrome P-450 content and NADPH-cytochrome C reductase activity were produced. Pretreatment with haloperidol was effective in the blockade of decrease of cytochrome P-450 content. Administration of higenamine, haloperidol and bethanechol caused increases in specific activity of p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase. Higenamine increased lipid peroxidation and the increased effect of higenamine was blocked completely by both haloperidol and bethanechol pretreament. These results indicated that higenamine showed effect not only agonistic activity, but also cytochrome enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation in the rabbit hepatic microsomes.

Naloxone이 흰쥐 간조직의 Mixed-Function Oxidation과 Lipid Peroxidation에 미치는 영향

홍영숙,성낙응,배영숙 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1986 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.9 No.3

The effects of Naloxone, narcotic antagonist, pretreated with normal saline, salicylate and hydrocortisone produced by with hypovolemic shock on the rates of cytochrome components, mixed function oxidation enzyme reactions and lipid peroxidation have been determined using hepatic microsomal fractions of rats. The treatments with either of the naloxone have increased the contents of cytochrome P-450 and b_5 and NADPH- or NADH-cytochrome C reductase. But pretreated with salicylate and hydrocortisone were not change as compared to the control. The rates of O-demethylation for p-nitroanisole were decreased. Naloxone decreased the formation of lipid peroxide by pretreated salicylate and hydrocortisone. These results indicate that naloxone showed effect not only increase of blood pressure and respiration, but also cytochrome components activity, mixed function oxidation enzyme reactions and lipid peroxidation in the hepatic microsomal fractions of rats.

고혈압성 흰쥐(Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat)에서 Nifedipine투여가 UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase에 미치는 영향

홍영숙,배영숙 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1990 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.1 No.-

UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase(UDPGT) activity was studied in hepatic microsomal preparation from rats treated with nifedipine. The substrates 1-naphthol, P-nitrophenol, 4-methylumbelliferone and bilirubine were used. With 1-naphthol, nifedipine 2 and 4 weeks treatment caused 6-and 7.3-fold, respectively, increase in activity over the control value. With 4-methylumbelliferone, nifedipine 2 and 4 weeks treatment caused 5-and 6-fold increase in activity over the control value. With P-nitrophenol, nifedipine 2 and 4 weeks treatment caused both approximately 3-fold increase in activity over the control value. However bilirubin-UDPGT activity was not affected by this inducer effects of nifedipine on the hepatic monooxygenase system in rats were investigated. P-Nitroanisole-O-demethylase, NADPH-cy-singificantly increased to 390,290 and 150% of control rats, respectively. The selectivity of nifedipine of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase was investigated in rat liver microsomes and compared with their effect on monooxygenase reactions. Similar to 3-meth-lycholanthrene-type seletively stimulated the glucuronidation induced both UDPGT_1 and monooxygenase activity, probably through a common receptor protein.